Sales Technical Training - Part 1: Waste Heat Generator (WHG)

Sales Technical Training Part 1
Waste Heat Generator (WHG)

-Electric Generator Using Waste HeatCopyright 2009 Calnetix Power Solutions, Inc.
Confidential
Technical Training in 2 Parts

Part 1 (Today) Covers the Following:
How a Waste Heat Generator Works
Where would a Waste Heat Generator Makes Money
How a Waste Heat Generator Project is Evaluated
How Much Money a Waste Heat Generator Project Makes
Part 2 (Future) Covers Detailed Calculations
Closing the Deal & Service Training are Also Available
Copyright 2009 Calnetix Power Solutions, Inc.
Confidential
Agenda
Basic Terms & Electricity Production
Organic Rankine Cycle
Applications
System Components
Sizing Up a Job
Project Example & Payback
Core Technology Advantages
Confidential
Basic Terms
British Thermal Unit (BTU) The amount of heat that will raise 1 pound of
water 1 degree Fahrenheit. One BTU is equivalent to 252 calories, 1055
Joules, and 0.293 Watt-hours. There are 3412 BTUs per 1 kW. BTUs are a
common measure of heat in the United States.
Temperature a number that is related to the average kinetic energy of the

molecules of a substance.
Heat the total energy possessed by the molecules of a substance. When

heat goes into a substance one of two things happen:
1)
The substance can experience a rise in temperature.
2)
The substance can change state (e.g. water to steam)
Heat and Temperature are related but not identical.
Confidential
Basic Terms
AMP The AMP or Ampere is a unit indicating the flow rate of electrons. The
AMP is a measure of current (6.242 x 1018 electrons per second)
Watt - A Watt is a unit of electrical power that equals one Joule per second.
Work is done at a rate of one Watt when one ampere flows through a potential
difference of one volt.
kW - A kiloWatt is one thousand watts.
kWh - The kiloWatt-hour is a unit of energy. Energy delivered by electric

utilities is usually expressed and charged for in kiloWatt-hours. Energy in
kiloWatt-hours is the product of power in kiloWatts and time in hours; it is not
kiloWatts per hour.
VA - A Volt-Ampere is the amount of power in an AC circuit equal to a current

flow of one Ampere at a potential difference of one volt. While the Volt-Ampere
and the watt are dimensionally equivalent one may find products rated in both
VAs and Watts with different numbers. The VA rating is the apparent power
that a device is capable of producing, while the Watt rating is the real power
(or true power) a device is capable of producing.
kVA - A kiloVolt-Ampere is one thousand volt-amperes of electricity.
Confidential
Basic Terms
Power Factor - The ratio of real power (kW) actually used in an electrical
circuit to apparent power (kVA), the power being drawn from the power
source.
DC: Watts = Volts X Amps = VA
AC: Watts = Volts X Amps X Power Factor VA (unless PF = 1)
+ volts
This is one cycle
- volts
+ volts
This is one cycle
- volts
Current x Voltage: Both Current
and Voltage are at Peak
Current
Power factor 1
Current and Voltage out of Sync Power

is less than Peak Voltage x Peak Current
Current
Power factor ~ 0.6
Confidential
Electricity Production
o
Water Through a Turbine (Hydro)
Working Fluid is Water
Steam Through a Turbine
Rankine Cycle Before Water

Passes through a Turbine it is
boiled to Steam
Working Fluid is Water (Steam

is the Vapor Phase of Water)
Confidential
Rankine Cycle
Steam
BOILER
(aka Evaporator)
CONDENSER
Water
Confidential
Agenda
Applications
System Components
Sizing Up a Job
Confidential
Organic Rankine Cycle (ORC)
For many waste heat applications, we need a fluid that boils at a lower
temperature than water
Historically, such fluids have been hydrocarbons - hence the name Organic.
Modern Working Fluids include: Propane / Pentane / Toluene / HFC-R245fa
These Working Fluids allow use of Lower-Temperature Heat Sources because

the liquid-vapor phase change, or boiling point, occurs at a lower temperature
than the water-steam phase change
10
Confidential
Waste Heat Sources

Waste Heat is heat produced by gas turbines, piston engines, machines,
electrical equipment and industrial processes
Waste Heat from Engines
Operation of an Engine results in exhaust that is quite hot. Our unit captures
this heat (can be any stack gas) and converts it to usable electricity.
Heat from Fuel made from Waste
Biomass refers to green and dry plant material that can be used as fuel
Biogas is a mixture of Methane and CO2 generated by the anaerobic digestion

or fermentation of biodegradable materials such as biomass, manure or
sewage, municipal waste, green waste and energy crops.
Not Waste Heat
A closed loop system where the heat removed for the WHG must be added
back.
11
Confidential
How it Works
Integrated
Power
Module
Generate
125 kW
R245fa
Heat Source
375F (190C)
2.8 MBTU/H
Evaporative
Condenser
Evaporator
Pump
12
Confidential
How it Works Pump Increases

Integrated
Pressure
Generate
Power
Module
R245fa
125 kW
Liquid
85F (29C)
26psig
(1.8bar)
Heat Source
375F (190C)
2.8 MBTU/H
Economize
r
Evaporativ
e
Condenser
Evaporator
Liquid
85F (29C)
230psig
(16bar)
Receiver
Pump
The working fluid is in the receiver as a liquid at the condensing pressure and temperature. It
enters the pump where the working fluids pressure is raised to the evaporating pressure.
13
Confidential
How it Works Liquid Preheat

Integrated
Power
Module
Generate
125 kW
R245fa
Liquid
85F (29C)
26psig
(1.8bar)
Heat Source
375F (190C)
2.8 MBTU/H
Economize
r
Evaporative
Condenser
Evaporator
Liquid
118F (48C)
220psig
(15bar)
Liquid
85F (29C)
230psig
(16bar)
Receiver
Pump
The working fluid passes through a heat exchanger (Economizer) to take heat out of the gas
leaving the Integrated Power Module. This improves system efficiency. The working fluid is now
a warmer, high pressure liquid.
14
Confidential
How it Works - Evaporation

Integrated
Power
Module
Generate
125 kW
R245fa
Vapor
240F (115C)
220psig
(15bar)
Liquid
85F (29C)
26psig
(1.8bar)
Heat Source
375F (190C)
2.8 MBTU/H
Economizer
Evaporative
Condenser
Evaporator
Liquid
118F (48C)
220psig
(15bar)
Liquid
118F (48C)
220psig
(15bar)
Liquid
85F (29C)
230psig
(16bar)
Receiver
Pump
The working fluid enters the Evaporator, where the working fluid is exposed to waste heat which
evaporates the fluid to a high pressure vapor.
15
Confidential
How it Works Electricity Production

Integrated
Power
Module
Generate
125 kW
Vapor
240F (115C)
220psig
(15bar)
R245fa
Vapor
145F (63C)
26psig
(1.8bar)
Liquid
85F (29C)
26psig
(1.8bar)
Heat Source
375F (190C)
2.8 MBTU/H
Economizer
Evaporative
Condenser
Evaporator
Liquid
118F (48C)
220psig
(15bar)
Liquid
118F (48C)
220psig
(15bar)
Liquid
85F (29C)
230psig
(16bar)
Receiver
Pump
The working fluid (now a vapor) enters the turbine of the IPM. The working fluids pressure drops
across the turbine to the condensing pressure, spinning the turbine (which is connected to the
generator) in the process. The driving force is the pressure difference across the turbine.
16
Confidential
How it Works - Economizer

Integrated
Power
Module
Generate
125 kW
Vapor
240F (115C)
220psig
(15bar)
R245fa
Vapor
85F (29C)
26psig
(1.8bar)
Vapor
145F (63C)
26psig
(1.8bar)
Heat Source
375F (190C)
2.8 MBTU/H
Liquid
85F (29C)
26psig
(1.8bar)
Economizer
Evaporative
Condenser
Evaporator
Liquid
118F (48C)
220psig
(15bar)
Liquid
118F (48C)
220psig
(15bar)
Liquid
85F (29C)
230psig
(16bar)
Receiver
Pump
The working fluid still has an enormous amount of heat, some of which is transferred to the
pumped liquid in the economizer. This helps in two ways: 1) this heat would have otherwise
been extracted in the condenser and; 2) there is less heat required at the evaporator due to the
liquid being pre-warmed.
17
Confidential
How it Works - Condensation

Integrated
Power
Module
Generate
125 kW
Vapor
240F (115C)
220psig
(15bar)
R245fa
Vapor
85F (29C)
26psig
(1.8bar)
Vapor
145F (63C)
26psig
(1.8bar)
Heat Source
375F (190C)
2.8 MBTU/H
Vapor
85F (29C)
26psig
(1.8bar)
Liquid
85F (29C)
26psig
(1.8bar)
Economizer
Evaporative
Condenser
Evaporator
Liquid
118F (48C)
220psig
(15bar)
Ambient Air
75F (24C)
Wet Bulb
Liquid
118F (48C)
220psig
(15bar)
Liquid
85F (29C)
230psig
(16bar)
Receiver
Pump
The working fluid (still a vapor) then flows to the condenser where heat is extracted and the
working fluid condenses to a liquid.
18
Confidential
How it Works Ready to Repeat

Integrated
Power
Module
Generate
125 kW
Vapor
240F (115C)
220psig
(15bar)
R245fa
Vapor
85F (29C)
26psig
(1.8bar)
Vapor
145F (63C)
26psig
(1.8bar)
Heat Source
375F (190C)
2.8 MBTU/H
Vapor
85F (29C)
26psig
(1.8bar)
Liquid
85F (29C)
26psig
(1.8bar)
Economizer
Evaporative
Condenser
Evaporator
Liquid
118F (48C)
220psig
(15bar)
Ambient Air
75F (24C)
Wet Bulb
Liquid
118F (48C)
220psig
(15bar)
Liquid
85F (29C)
230psig
(16bar)
Receiver
Pump
The low pressure, liquid working fluid drains back to the receiver and is ready to be pumped to
high pressure and flow towards the integrated power module.
19
Confidential
Agenda
Applications
System Components
Sizing Up a Job
20
Confidential
Applications
Stationary Engines Pistons & Turbines
Waste Heat from Jacket Water
Waste Heat from Exhaust
Industrial Stack Gas
Refineries
Incinerators
Smelters
21
Confidential
Applications
Bio Gas
Landfill Gas
Digester Gas
Wood Chip Gasification
Solar Thermal
GeoThermal
Geothermal Water
Geothermal Steam
22
Confidential
Agenda
Applications
System Components
Sizing Up a Job
23
Confidential
A Complete System
Waste Heat Generator
Evaporator
Condenser
Condenser
WHG
Evaporator
24
Confidential
How it Works Ready to Repeat
Evaporato
r
Integrated
Power
Module
Economize
r
Evaporativ
e
Condenser
Receiver
Pump
25
Confidential
The Calnetix Waste Heat Generator

Working Fluid HFC-R245fa
Integrated Power Module (IPM) Contains Turbine Expander and Generator
Hermetically Sealed Module

Eliminate seal systems
Integrated expander wheel
No possibility of leaks between rotating parts
Magnetic Bearings
Single Stage Turbine: 26,500 rpm No Vibration
Heat requirement 2.85 MMBTU (835kW)
Minimum Temp 250F (122C)
High-speed 2 pole rare earth magnet generator 125 kWe gross
Power Conditioning
Power Electronics programmable at factory to customer requirements. Output

380-480V, 3 phase, 3 wire (no neutral), 50/60 Hz
26
Confidential

Weight: 2450kg (5400 lbs)
79.5 tall
46
w
id
ong
l
112
27
Confidential

Separator
Inlet Control
Valve
Integrated
Power
Module
Slam
Valve
Programmable
Logic Controller
(PLC) & Magnetic
Bearing Controller
(MBC)
Receiver
Field
Connections
Power
Electronics
Economizer
Separator
Drain Valve
Bypass
Valve
VFD for Pump

Pump
28
Confidential

Hot Vapor from
Evaporator
Cool Liquid from
Condenser
Warm Liquid to
Evaporator
Warm Vapor to
Condenser
29
Confidential
Why 250F Minimum Entering

Temperature?
High Speed Expander
Intolerant of Droplets
Superheated Vapor Required
Pressure Difference is the Driving Force 8:1 is best
Example
80F Condensing R245fa is at 27.8psia leaving the turbine
8 27.8psia = 222.4psia required from the Evaporator
At 222.4psia R245fa evaporates at 228F
A 250F Evaporator heat source delivers 228F Working Fluid to the

Expander
Will be able to Go Lower Temperature in the future
New Molecule
Staged Turbine
30
Confidential
Evaporator Configurations
Waste Heat Evaporator
Direct Heat transfers directly from the waste heat source to the working fluid
Exhaust Gas Heat

Exchanger
Indirect A thermal transfer medium is used between the heat source and the
working fluid (e.g. thermal oil, hot water, steam)
+
Exhaust Gas Heat
Exchanger
31
Brazed Plate Heat

Exchanger
Confidential
Condensing Options
Condenser
Direct The working fluid passes through a heat exchanger that rejects heat
directly to the environment.
Indirect A medium such as water is passed through a heat exchanger and

takes the rejected heat out of the working fluid. The medium then transfers
the heat somewhere else.
Cooling Tower
Evaporative Condenser
Liquid Chiller
Ground Water
Pond or Lake
Air Cooled Condenser (Dry Cooler)
32
Confidential
Installation Recommendations
A complete system consists of:
Possible Configurations

Evaporator
Condenser
Evaporator & Condenser must be within 50 ft. of the WHG
Condenser must be elevated
Technician required to evacuate the system and charge it with R245fa
Cooling water required for the Power Electronics
Compressed Air required for the Slam Valve
Internal Cleanliness Very Important
Biogas Sulfur / Siloxane
Ethernet Connection is Required
33
Confidential
Integrated Power Module

Generator
Terminal
Magnetic
Bearing
Motor Stator
PM Rotor
Magnetic
Bearing
Integrated turbine
on common shaft
34
Confidential
High Speed Integrated Power Module

Conventional Generator
High-speed Generator
Voltage and Frequency determined by

selection of the generator
at the time of manufacturing.
380 480 VAC, 50/ 60 Hz

Configured by Factory
Inverter
Rectifier
1500 or 1800
RPM
20k ~ 120k
RPM
Prime Mover
Prime Mover
Generator
Alternator
Speed of the prime mover determines the

frequency of the electrical output
1500 RPM = 50 Hz output.
1800 RPM = 60 Hz output.
Paralleling with the grid is done by using costly

synchronizing switch gear.
35
Speed of the prime mover does not

determine the frequency or voltage of the
electrical output.
Paralleling with the grid is done by
sampling grid voltage and frequency, and
changing output voltage / frequency of
inverter system.
Confidential
Power Electronics AC/DC/AC
Rectifier
Waste
Heat
Generato
r
IGBT
Phase
A
IGBT
Phase
B
IGBT
Phase
C
~600v,
~450Hz
Power Electronics
Inverter
IGBT
Phase
C
IGBT
Phase
B
IGBT
Phase
A
Capacito
r
Bank
Grid
480v, 60Hz
DC w/ Ripple
36
DC
Confidential
Power Electronics
Always Maintains a Pure Sine Output Wave
No Voltage or Frequency Sags or Spikes
No Inductive Inrush
No fault current contribution
Fewer synchronization issues Matches Source
Easier to Interconnect (UL 1741)
High Conversion Efficiency Gross vs. Net
Grid must be connected for operation
37
Confidential
Agenda
Applications
System Components
Sizing Up a Job
38
Confidential
Sizing Up a Job
Heat Source
Entering and Leaving Temperatures
Flow Rate
Calculate Heat Available
Quantify kWe Output Potential
Get Cycle Effectiveness from Curves
Multiply Heat Available by Cycle Effectiveness
Condensing Source
Calculate Flow Rate Required
Electrical
12 Months Bills
Sketch Geometry Unit Placement v. Connection Point
Calculate Payback
Detailed Calculations will be Covered in the Advanced Training Course

39
Confidential
Agenda
Applications
System Components
Sizing Up a Job
40
Confidential
How the Customer Saves Money
Unit increases Overall Efficiency of Systems
Unit converts Wasted Energy into Electric Power
Unit consumes ZERO additional fuel
Unit creates ZERO additional emissions
Unit offers strong economic justification because the WHG uses low grade
heat that is usually wasted
As a Bonus, additional economic returns may be realized from:
Reduced Demand Charges
Renewable energy incentives
Carbon credits
41
Confidential
Example Project
Biomass Boiler
Annual Run Hours

Net Electrical Output
Annual Production
8,400 x 107 =
Gross Revenue
898,800 x $0.18 =
Maintenance Cost 898,800 x $0.0075 =
Net Annual Revenue
Cost of Project
Simple Payback
42
8,400
107kWe
898,800 kWh
$161,784
$6,741
$155,043
$298,000
< 2 years
Confidential
Agenda
Applications
System Components
Sizing Up a Job
43
Confidential
Core Technology Advantage

Integrated Power Module (IPM)
Hermetically Sealed Module
Eliminates seal systems
Integrated expander wheel
No possibility of leaks between rotating parts
High Speed Generator
Rare Earth Permanent Magnet
125 kWe gross
Variable Speed
Over 98% Generator Efficiency
No Gear Box or associated Lubrication System
Increases the Overall Efficiency of the system by offering a More Efficient

Generator Technology over a Large Operating Range and by Eliminating
Gearbox Losses (including peripherals such as oil pumps) while Simplifying
and Increasing the Reliability of the system.
44
Confidential

Integrated Power Module (IPM)
Magnetic Bearings
Non contact operation
Low power consumption (vs ball or fluid film)
No lubrication, lubrication system, or seals
Low maintenance for life of unit
Constantly monitors rotor imbalance
Increases the Overall Efficiency of the system by offering less than 1/10th
the losses of conventional bearing while Increasing the Reliability and
Reducing the Life Cycle Cost of the product.
45
Confidential
Power Electronics
Efficient power conversion
Variable frequency & voltage
Generate to Grid (400-480v, 50/60Hz)
3 phase
Increases the Overall Efficiency of the system by allowing for Variable

Speed and Power Operation of a High Speed Generator while Tracking
Peak Cycle Efficiency Operating Points based on heat input.
46
Confidential

High Speed Generator
Increased Efficiency, Reliability, no

gear box
Magnetic Bearings
Increased Efficiency, Reliability,

Reduced losses
Power Electronics
Efficient variable speed operation
No lubrication or lubrication
system
Increased Reliability, Reduced parasitic

losses, No contamination of process
fluid
No coupling
Increased reliability, fewer components
Variable speed operation
Optimized cycle efficiency operating

point
Hermetically sealed
Higher reliability, fewer wear

components
Single moving part
Increased reliability
Modular Design
Simple Integration into system (like

standard piping)
47
Confidential
IPM Technology is Scalable to Any Size

Calnetix has designed, tested, and delivered a 1MW packaged solution on
Magnetic Bearings for a compressor application.
48
Confidential
Thank you!

49
Confidential
kW, kVA, VAR
Real power (P) - unit: watt (W)
Reactive power (Q) - unit: voltamperes reactive (var)
Complex power (S) - unit: voltampere (VA)
Apparent Power (|S|) , that is,

the absolute value of complex
power S - unit: volt-ampere (VA)
Power Factor = cos
50
Confidential
Inverter Output
Pulse Width Modulation
51
Confidential
Advanced Sales Training
Waste Heat Generator (WHG)

-Electric Generator Using Waste HeatCopyright 2009 Calnetix Power Solutions, Inc.
Confidential
Why Are We Here?

Part 2 Covers Detailed Calculations
Detailed Calculations for Quantifying the Waste Heat Source
Detailed Calculation for Electrical Production from a Waste Heat Source
Detailed Calculations for Sizing the Condensing Source
Detailed Electrical Economic Calculations
53
Confidential
Sizing Up a Job
o
Heat Source
Flow Rate
Condensing Source
Calculate Flow Rate Required
Electrical
12 Months Bills
Calculate Payback
54
Confidential
Sizing Up a Job
o
Heat Source
Flow Rate
Q m c p T
o
Where:
Qo
mo
cop
oT
= the Heat Rate in BTU/hr

= the Mass Flow of the Waste Heat Medium (lbm/hr)
= the Average Specific Heat of the Waste Heat Medium (BTU/lb-F)
= the expected Temperature loss of the Waste Heat Medium (F)
55
Confidential
Sizing Up a Job Example 1

o
Heat Source Process Water
Entering and Leaving Temperatures:
260F / 230F
Flow Rate:
195 gpm
Calculate Heat Available note pressurized at this temperature
Q m c p T
o
Where:
m
o
1st Step Calculate the Mass Flow Rate (gpm to lbm/hr)

1) Using Convert, 195 gpm = 1564 foot3/hr
2) lbm/hr = foot3/hr Average Density (lbm/foot3)
3) From Table 1: Density of water at 260F = 58.47 lbm/foot3
4) From Table 1: Density of water at 230F = 59.342 lbm/foot3
5) (58.47 + 59.342) 2 = 58.9 lbm/foot3
6) 1564 foot3/hr 58.9 lbm/foot3 = 92,120 lbm/hr
56
Confidential

o
260F / 230F
Flow Rate:
195 gpm
Q m c p T
o
Where:
cop = the Average Specific Heat of the Waste Heat Medium (BTU/lbm-F)
oT = the expected Temperature loss of the Waste Heat Medium (F)
2nd Step Calculate the Average Specific Heat

1) From Table 1: Specific Heat of water at 260F = 1.019 BTU/lbm-F
2) From Table 1: Specific Heat of water at 230F = 1.011 BTU/lbm-F
3) (1.019 + 1.011) 2 = 1.015 BTU/lbm-F
3rd Step Calculate the DeltaT (

T TENTERING TLEAVING
1)
T
2)
= 260F - 230F = 30F
57
Confidential

o
260F / 230F
Flow Rate:
195 gpm
Q m c p T
4th Step Calculate the Heat Available

= 92,120 lbm/hr 1.015 BTU/lbm-F 30F = 2,805,054 BTU/hr
5th Step Convert BTU/hr to kW

1) 1 kWh = 3412 BTU
2) 2,805,054BTU/hr 3412 BTU/kWh = 822 kW
58
Confidential
Sizing Up a Job
o
59
Confidential
Chart 1
15%
230F
o
1st Step Look up the Cycle Efficiency on Chart 1

o
(70F Condensing Water - 10 Rise)
2nd Step Calculate the kWe Potential for 70F Condensing Water - 10 Rise
822 kW 15% = 123 kWe gross
60
Confidential

o
Heat Source Exhaust Stream
750F / 300F
Flow Rate:
5,330 SCFM
Q m c p T
Where:
m
o
1st Step Calculate the Mass Flow (Standard CFM Given)

1) Mass Flow in lbm/hr = SCFM 60 min/hr Exhaust Density
2) = 5330 SCFM 60 min/hr 0.073 lbm/ft3
3) = 23,345 lbm/hr
Note: When the flow rate is given in ACFM this must be converted to SCFM
1)
2)
3)
4)
5)
Given the same conditions with 12,402 ACFM

Calculate the ratio of the actual temp. to standard temp. (60F) in R
(750+460) (60 + 460) = 1,210 520 = 2.3269
12,402 ACFM 2.3269 = 5,330 SCFM
Proceed as Above
61
Confidential

o
750F / 300F
Flow Rate:
5,330 SCFM
Q m c p T
o
Where:
cop = the Average Specific Heat of the Waste Heat Medium (BTU/lbm-F)
oT = the expected Temperature loss of the Waste Heat Medium (F)
2nd Step Calculate the Average Specific Heat (at 2)

1) From Chart 2: Specific Heat of Exhaust at 750F = 0.275 BTU/lbm-F
2) From Chart 2: Specific Heat of Exhaust at 300F = 0.260 BTU/lbm-F
3) (0.275 + 0.260) 2 = 0.2675 BTU/lbm-F
3rd Step Calculate the DeltaT (

T TENTERING TLEAVING
1)
T
2)
= 750F - 300F = 450F
62
Confidential
Chart 2
63
Confidential

o
750F / 300F
Flow Rate:
5,330 SCFM
Q m c p T
4th Step Calculate the Heat Available

= 23,345 lbm/hr 0.2675 BTU/lbm-F 450F = 2,810,154 BTU/hr
5th Step Convert BTU/hr to kW

1) 1 kWh = 3412 BTU
2) 2,810,154 BTU/hr 3412 BTU/kWh = 823kW
64
Confidential
Sizing Up a Job
o
65
Confidential
Chart 1
15%
230F
o
1st Step Look up the Cycle Efficiency on Chart 1

o
(70F Condensing Water - 10 Rise)
2nd Step Calculate the kWe Potential for 70F Condensing Water - 10 Rise
823kW 15% = 123 kWe
66
Confidential

o
Heat Source Steam
750F / 300F
Flow Rate:
5,330 SCFM
Q m c p T
Where:
m
o
67
Confidential
Sizing Up a Job Condensing Example

o
Condensing Source
Entering
and Leaving Temperatures
Calculate
Flow Rate Required
70F Condensing Water - 10 Rise

Flow in gpm = Total Energy Available Electricity Produced
Temp Rise CP Density 0.1336806 ft3/gal 60 min/hr
0.1336806 60 = 8.020833
= 2,805,054 BTU/hr (123kWe 3412 BTU/hr/kW)
10F 0.999 BTU/lbm-F 62.219 lbm/ft3 8.020833
= 478 gpm
68
Confidential
Sizing Up a Job
o
Electrical
12 Months Bills
Calculate Payback
Fluid Connections / other services
69
Confidential
Thank you!

70
Confidential

Sales Technical Training - Part 1: Waste Heat Generator (WHG)

Hochgeladen von

Dokumentinformationen

Originaltitel

Copyright

Verfügbare Formate

Dieses Dokument teilen

Dokument teilen oder einbetten

Freigabeoptionen

Stufen Sie dieses Dokument als nützlich ein?

Sind diese Inhalte unangemessen?

Copyright:

Verfügbare Formate

Sales Technical Training - Part 1: Waste Heat Generator (WHG)

Hochgeladen von

Copyright:

Verfügbare Formate

Sales Technical Training Part 1

Waste Heat Generator (WHG)

Technical Training in 2 Parts

How a Waste Heat Generator Works

Where would a Waste Heat Generator Makes Money

How a Waste Heat Generator Project is Evaluated

How Much Money a Waste Heat Generator Project Makes

Part 2 (Future) Covers Detailed Calculations

Closing the Deal & Service Training are Also Available

Copyright 2009 Calnetix Power Solutions, Inc.

Copyright 2009 Calnetix Power Solutions, Inc.

Temperature a number that is related to the average kinetic energy of the

Heat the total energy possessed by the molecules of a substance. When

The substance can experience a rise in temperature.

The substance can change state (e.g. water to steam)

Heat and Temperature are related but not identical.

Copyright 2009 Calnetix Power Solutions, Inc.

kW - A kiloWatt is one thousand watts.

kWh - The kiloWatt-hour is a unit of energy. Energy delivered by electric

VA - A Volt-Ampere is the amount of power in an AC circuit equal to a current

kVA - A kiloVolt-Ampere is one thousand volt-amperes of electricity.

Copyright 2009 Calnetix Power Solutions, Inc.

This is one cycle

This is one cycle

Copyright 2009 Calnetix Power Solutions, Inc.

Current and Voltage out of Sync Power

Water Through a Turbine (Hydro)

Working Fluid is Water

Steam Through a Turbine

Rankine Cycle Before Water

Working Fluid is Water (Steam

Copyright 2009 Calnetix Power Solutions, Inc.

Copyright 2009 Calnetix Power Solutions, Inc.

Copyright 2009 Calnetix Power Solutions, Inc.

Organic Rankine Cycle (ORC)

Modern Working Fluids include: Propane / Pentane / Toluene / HFC-R245fa

These Working Fluids allow use of Lower-Temperature Heat Sources because

Copyright 2009 Calnetix Power Solutions, Inc.

Waste Heat Sources

Heat from Fuel made from Waste

Biogas is a mixture of Methane and CO2 generated by the anaerobic digestion

Not Waste Heat

Copyright 2009 Calnetix Power Solutions, Inc.

Copyright 2009 Calnetix Power Solutions, Inc.

How it Works Pump Increases

How it Works Liquid Preheat

How it Works - Evaporation

How it Works Electricity Production

How it Works - Economizer

How it Works - Condensation

How it Works Ready to Repeat

Copyright 2009 Calnetix Power Solutions, Inc.

Waste Heat from Jacket Water

Waste Heat from Exhaust

Industrial Stack Gas

Copyright 2009 Calnetix Power Solutions, Inc.

Wood Chip Gasification

Copyright 2009 Calnetix Power Solutions, Inc.

Copyright 2009 Calnetix Power Solutions, Inc.

Waste Heat Generator

Copyright 2009 Calnetix Power Solutions, Inc.

How it Works Ready to Repeat

Copyright 2009 Calnetix Power Solutions, Inc.