Roods approach

Introduction
Evolved from developmental
neurophysiologically literature.
1 motor output dependent upon sensory
output.
2 motor responses follow a normal
developmental sequences.
3 psychic , somatic , autonomic functions
are interrelated.

Assumptions
Appropriate sensory stimuli
specific motor responses.
normal ontogenetic motor development
purposeful muscular responses.
Muscle action can be activated , facilitated,
inhibited.

Theory

Normalize muscle tone.

Pre-requisite to movement.
Muscles have different duties;
Heavy work stabilizers.
Extensors + abductors.
Postural support

Light work- mobilizes .

Flexors + adductors
Skilled movements

Contd

voluntary motor act based on inherent

reflexes.
Therapy
Elicit motor responses at reflexes level
Incorporate with developmental
sequences - to augment motor response.

Treatment begins at the

developmental level of functioning

Cephalocaudal rule
Stimulation order:
Flexors
Extensors
Adductors
Abductors

Movement directed towards

functional goal
Accept the activity as a meaningful event.
Develop a sub cortical program to
perform a motor act .
Willed Movt with intended goal better
performances.

Repetition
Improves coordination
Required to formulate engrams.

Principles of treatment

TNR & TLR assist / retard the

effects of sensory stimulation
Side lying reduces the influences
Arm and leg on the down side extensor
tone .
Arm and leg on the upper flexor tone.

Stimulation of specific receptors

produces three major responses.
Homeostatic responses- ANS
Reflexive protective responses spinal
and brain stem circuits.
Adaptive response integration of system.

Rules of sensory input

Fast brief stimulus produces large
synchronous motor output.
Fast repetitive sensory input produces a
maintained responses.
Maintained sensory input maintained
responses.
Slow , rhythmical repetitive sensory input
deactivates body and mind.

Muscles have different duties

Stabilizers
Mobilizers.

Heavy work muscles integrated

before light work muscles.
Heavy work-light work.

Sequences of motor development

Sequential phases of motor control

Reciprocal inhibition
Early mobility pattern
Basic Movt pattern is primarily reflex
governed by spinal and supraspinal
centers .
Co-contraction
Stability pattern

Contd

Heavy work
Mobility superimposed on stability
Skill
Highest level of motor control.

Co-contraction
Stability pattern.

Treatment techniques

Facilitation techniques
Cutaneous ;-used to stimulate the
exteroceptors of the skin.
Responds to stimuli arising from external
environment.
Protective withdrawal response.
Principle stimuli transmitted- pain ,temp,
touch .

Contd
Light moving touch
Used to activate the superficial mobilizing
muscles.
Applied through
fingertip
camelhair/brush
cotton swab.

Frequency -2times/sec ,for 10 times.

Application -3-5 strokes ,with the gap of 30 sec
b/w strokes .

Contd

Fast brushing
Stimulate c fiber.
Max effect 30 min after stimulation.
Used before all forms of treatment.
Applied over the dermatome of the same
segment the muscle supplies.
Application 3-5 sec ,repeated after 30 sec

Contd

Icing
Facilitate muscle activity & ANS.
Quick icing
Elicits withdrawal response.
Applied in 3 quick swipes.
Used for hypotonic.
C icing
Facilitate maintained postural response.
Applied in dermatome-segment mytome.

Cont.
Autonomic icing
Influences glandular output.
Areas of sympathetic NS

proprioceptive
Stimulation gives more motor control.
Facilitation of muscle spindle, golgi tendon joint
receptors, vestibular apparatus.
Heavy joint compression
Application - > than body wt in longitudinal axis.
Facilitate co- contraction around the joint.
Combined with development sequences .prone
on elbows, quadruped.
Done manually / mechanically.

Contd.

Stretch
Uses principle of reciprocal innervation.
Used on light work muscles.
Intrinsic stretch
Used to promote stability of the scapulo
humeral regions.
Enhanced with
Resistive grip
Wt on ulnar border.

CONTD
Secondary ending stretch
Muscle put into stretch fires secondary
endings.
Facilitatory flexors
Inhibitory extensors.
Used for integrating TNR
Stretch pressure
Applied placing pads of thumbs and index
finger on the skin over the superficial muscle.

Contd.

Stretch adequate to cause deformation.

Stimuli not more than 3 sec.
Resistance
Used in isotonic fashion in
developmental sequences.
Used in shortened range
Fast brushing , quick stretch , given before
to maximize the responses.

Contd

Intermittent resistance to desired motion.

Tapping
Done over the muscle belly
3-5 times in the muscle to be facilitated.

Vestibular stimulation
Static labyrinth promote extensor
patterns of neck , trunk ,extremities.
Kinetic elicits phasic cortical responses
Stimulation fast, slow

acceleration
Deceleration
horizontal
vertical

movts

Contd

inversion
Inversion-alter the tone.
Head down maximizes the extensors tone.
Upright minimizes the extensors tone.
Therapeutic vibration
Used -desensitize hypertonic muscles.
For tonal changes
Low frequency-50-60 cycles /sec
High frequency-100-300 cycles/sec

Contd

Applied over muscle belly // to fibers

Over stretched muscle
Duration 1-2 mins
Prone position flexors
Supine position-extensors
Osteopressure
Pressure over bony prominencesfacilitate/inhibit voluntary muscles.

inhibition techniques
Neutral warmth
Applied 5-10 min
Effects
relaxation tone
decreased

Gentle shaking /rocking

Slow stroking
Slow rolling
Generalized inhibitory effect

Contd..

Light joint compression

Applied in longitudinal axis
Inhibits spasticity.
Tendinous pressure
Has the effect on tight ,spastic muscles.
Maintained stretch
Positioning the extremity in elongated
position.