Beruflich Dokumente
Kultur Dokumente
Advantages of CDMA
Frequency reuse
Large coverage
High spectrum capacity
High Privacy
Soft Handoff
Good Voice quality (using Voice Coding)
Perfect Power Control
Smooth migration to 3G
2
Advantages of CDMA
Frequency
Frequency
reusefactois
reusefactois
1;
1;
network
network
designand
designand
expanding
expanding
becomemuch
becomemuch
easier
easier
30
30
2
3
7
1
6
4
5
1 Users
Vulnerability:
C/I 17 dB
10 kHz
GSM
8
Users
200 kHz
Vulnerability:
C/I 12-14 dB
2
3
1
4
CDMA
Vulnerability:
Eb/No 6--7 dB
20 Users
1250 kHz
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
Advantages of CDMA
largecoverage
largecoverage
almost2timesthanGSM,savemoneyfor
almost2timesthanGSM,savemoneyfor
operator
operator
Example:cover
Example:cover1000
1000km
km22
GSM
GSMneed
need
200
200BTS
BTS
CDMA
CDMAonly
onlyneed
need
50
50BTS
BTS
Attention:
Attention:exact
exactresult
resultneed
need
Link
LinkBudget
Budget
Advantages of CDMA
Highspectrumcapacity:
Highspectrumcapacity:
810timesthanAMPS,
810timesthanAMPS,
46timesthanGSM
46timesthanGSM
FDMADifferentuserusedifferent
frequency
FDMA
Power
Tim
e
TACS AMPS
TDMADifferentuserusedifferent
timeslotofonefrequency
TDMA
Power
GSM DAMPS
CDMADifferentuserusesame
frequencyatthesametime,butwith
differentspreadingcode
e
Fr
cy
en
u
q
Tim
e
Fre
cy
en
u
q
CDMA
Power
Tim
e
cy
en
u
eq
Fr
Advantages of CDMA
Highprivacy,hardtowiretapping
Highprivacy,hardtowiretapping
Each user is below
the noise deeply
Spread signal
Information
signal
Demodulated
signal
TX
Spread code
RX
Spread code
Advantages of CDMA
Usesofthandoff,decreasedropcallrate
Usesofthandoff,decreasedropcallrate
CDMA:makebeforebreaksofthandoff
CDMA:makebeforebreaksofthandoff
Othersystems:makeafterbreakhardhandoff
Othersystems:makeafterbreakhardhandoff
7
Advantages of CDMA
Goodvoicequality,use8k,13K(QCELP,EVRC)voice
Goodvoicequality,use8k,13K(QCELP,EVRC)voice
codingthebestcodingmethodintheworld.
codingthebestcodingmethodintheworld.
Voice quality
(MOS)
64k 13k
PCM GSM
8k
13k 8kEVR
CDMACDM C
A
CDMA
8
Advantages of CDMA
PerfectPowerControlandvoiceactivationmaketheMS
PerfectPowerControlandvoiceactivationmaketheMS
Powerlow,healthyforhumanbodygreenmobilephone.
Powerlow,healthyforhumanbodygreenmobilephone.
MeanPowerMaxPower
MeanPowerMaxPower
GSM:125mW2W
GSM:125mW2W
CDMA:2mW200mW
CDMA:2mW200mW
Advantages of CDMA
Smoothmigrationto3Gandtheoperators
Smoothmigrationto3Gandtheoperators
benefit
benefit
isprotectedatthemost
isprotectedatthemost
Technical
Scheme:
Economic
Scheme:
95A 95B
95B 1X
1X 1XEV
Softwareupdate Add1Xchannel
Add1XEV
channelboard
ReplaceMSto board
getnewservice Softwareupdate Softwareupdate
ReplaceMStoge ReplaceMSto
getnewservice
newservice
Almostfree
inexpensive
inexpensive
10
In November, 1999, ZTE signed the Agreement on CDMA R&D with Qualcomm
In September, 2000, ZTE presented the first CDMA handset with UIM in the
world.
In January, 2001, the first cdma2000-1x call was passed through in lab
11
ZTE - CDMA
PSTN/PLMN
MSC/VLR
HLR/AUC
Abis
BTS IS- E1
Um
SC
95
IS95
BSC IS95
Abis
BTS IS95
WIN
Um
Abis
IS2000
E1
E1
STM-1
2G/3G
IP
HA
BTS 1X
OMC
Ethernet
Abis
BSC/ PCF (1X)
Ethernet
Internet
IP
PDSN/FA
E1
STM-1
BTS 1X
AAA
12
15
Technical specifications
MSC system capacity: 600,000
Max Number of subscribers: 600,000
(64K*64K)
Call Processing Capacity for Single Module:
500K BHCA
Max Call Processing Capacity: 5,000K BHCA
Max Traffic: 21,000Erl
Max Number of No.7 signaling links: 640 links
VLR System Capacity: 800,000
16
MS
PSTN
Um
BTS
E
Abis
BSC
BSS
MC
MS C/SSP
Q
MC
Ai
HLR
VLR
D
N
AUC
MSS
17
Mobile Station
BSC:
BTS:
MSC:
VLR:
HLR:
AUC:
Authentication Center
OMC:
MC:
Message Center
18
PLMN:
Public Land Mobile Network
ESN:
Electronic Serial Number
MIN:
Mobile Station Identification Number
IMSI:
International Mobile Subscriber
Identification
MSIN: Mobile Station Identification Number
MCC:
Mobile Country Code
MNC:
Mobile Network Code
SID:
System Identification
NID:
Network Identification
19
20
---VLR
---HLR
---AUC
22
23
24
25
Conception:
Composition:
Database: save MIN,ESN, authentication key)
Generator of random number
Algorithm(CAVE algorithm)
AUC can be built separately or together with HLR
26
ZXC10 BSC
28
ZXC10 BSC-FEATURES
Two layer high rate packet network structure based on ATM
technology
Circuit-supporting data service such as asynchronous data, G3
fax.
Supporting various types of voice conversion algorithm: QCELP
(IS-95), 13kbps Pure Voice (IS-733), EVRC (IS-127) and echo
cancellation.
Built-in PCF, which supports high rate packet data service
primarily based on mobile IP
Providing E1/STM-1, which supports A3 and A7 interfaces
defined by IOS4.0 and implements the interconnection of BSCs.
Providing E1/STM-1, which supports A1, A2 and A5 interfaces
defined by IOS4.0 and implements the interconnection of MSCs.
Providing Fast Ethernet/ATM., which supports A10 and A11
interfaces defined by IOS4.0 and implements the
interconnection of PDSNs.
29
ZXC10 BTS
31
34
35
RFS:RF Subsystem
TRX:
HPA:
RFE:
RFCM:
BTM:
RF Transceiver
High Power Amplifier
RF Front End
RF Control Module
Base station testing module
36
Sync
Pilot Channel
Used by the mobile station for initial system acquisition
Transmitted constantly by the base station
The same Short PN sequences are shared by all base stations
Each base station is differentiated by a phase offset
Provides tracking of:
Timing reference
Phase reference
Separation by phase provides for extremely high reuse
within one CDMA channel frequency
Acquisition by mobile stations is enhanced by:
Short duration of Pilot PN sequence
Uncoded nature of pilot signal
Facilitates mobile station-assisted handoffs
Used to identify handoff candidates
Key factor in performing soft handoffs
38
40
Paging Channels
Paging Channel
Used
Usedby
bythe
thebase
basestation
stationto
to
transmit
system
overhead
information
transmit system overhead information
and
andmobile
mobilestation-specific
station-specificmessages.
messages.
41
Access Channels
4800 bps
Initialization
Initialization
Mobile station
has fully acquired
system timing
Idle
Idle
Mobile station receives a Paging
Channel message requiring ACK
or response, originates a call, or
performs registration
System
System
Access
Access
Mobile station is directed
to a Traffic Channel
Traffic
Traffic
44
Field Problems
ZTE Instruments reading the Primary Channel
42 and 83 in the same instrument; example
felt at Namakkal and Attur.
Cell Demarcation: Subscriber of one SDCA
has to work in the BTS located in the other
SDCA with the dominated signal. Example at
Kandhampayam and Puduchathiram. This has
been experimented at Madurai MSC and to be
tried at Pondichery MSC also.
45
46