SHIPS (VESSELS)

Kpt. Yusuf ZORBA

2002

SHIPS
Warships

Passanger

Merchant Vessel

Cargo

Auxilary

OBO

Tugs

Ro-Ro

Ice breakers

Bulk Carrier

Rescue ship

Conrtainer

Light ship

Reefer
General Cargo

Dredgers
Floating cranes

Liquid Cargo

Divers boat

Petroleum
Vine
Acid
Product

LPG
LNG
Water

Yachts

Fishing

WARSHIPS
Warships;
We know that
they are using
in the army.
Its not important for us.
But, we know that;

Warships exists for

Merchant Vessels

YACHTS

Yachts usually use

for sports or touristic
trip. Some modern
types can be usefull
for passanger
transportations.

Merchant Vessels

Our subject is merchant vessel.

We devided into for groups;

Passanger Ships
Cargo vessels
Auxilary vessels
Fishing vessels

Passanger Ships

Passanger ships use only passanger

transports between the well-known ports of
The World.
We say that a passanger ships which are
making a sailing in the ocean Transatlantic
Some Transatlantic ports;

Newyork, Southhampton, Cherbourg, Hamburg,

Venice, etc

Their cruise speed changes 15-40 nautical

miles per hour. (Knots)
Its possible to choose from faraway because
of their deck lights.

Passanger Ships

Fishing Vessels

Fishing vessels seperate according to

their fishing types. Two types fishing are
made;

Pelagic Fishing (ak deniz yzey balkl)

Demersal Fishing (dip balkl)

We dont interest their specifications

exactly. But we have to attention a fishing
vessels when make a sail.

Auxilary Vessels (Tug Boat)

Its possible to count many kind of auxilary vessels.

But we interest especially tug boats.
The tugboat has a number of functions ranging from
towing vessels into berths, to firefighting, salvage
and anchor handling/positioning.
Tugs range in size (and power) depending on the
tasks that they required to perform. A small harbor
tug may only have 3 - 400 BHP (Brake Horse
Power), whereas a large ocean-going salvage tug
may have up to 10,000 BHP engines, capable of
towing large cargo vessels off sandbanks and rocks.

Auxilary Vessels (Tug Boat)

Cargo Vessels Bulk Carriers

Bulk carriers ("bulkers"), are the great workhorses of the shipping

world, carrying raw dry cargoes in huge cavernous holds, such as
coal, iron ore, grain, sulphur, scrap metal.

The vessel is that rare beast called a "geared" bulk carrier, so

called because it carries it's own cargo cranes - very useful when
visiting ports lacking portside cargo handling equipment.

The vessel on the next slayt is a more regular design of "gearless"

bulk carrier.

Bulkers range from about 25,000 Deadweight tons ("handy size")

through the medium size ("Panamax") vessels of about 75,000
DWT, to the giant ("capsize") vessels of over 200,000 DWT

Cargo Vessels Bulk

Carriers

Cargo Vessels Dry Cargo Vessels

Until vessels started to be built to carry specific cargoes, all vessels

were simply general or dry cargo vessels, i.e. built to carry any and all
cargoes either in drums and bales or on pallets.

Such cargoes were put in general holds with no specialization. The

role of the general/dry cargo vessel began to wane with the arrival of
bulk carriers and tankers, but the decline of these general vessels has
accelerated since the arrival of containerization (in the 1960's).

Not only are container ships able to carry greater volumes of cargo in
standard shaped cargo containers, the time spent loading and
discharging has been dramatically reduced.

Whereas a dry cargo vessel may take 3 - 4 days to load or discharge, a

container ship can achieve the same in a matter of hours. Although
general/ dry cargo vessels remain as the largest (in pure numbers) of
cargo carrying vessels, they are often smaller (rarely above 50,000
Gross tons) than the specialized vessels that are slowly replacing them

Cargo Vessels Dry Cargo

Vessels

Cargo Vessels Container Vessels

The Containership or "Box ship" is the great success

story of the last 25 years. General cargo was
historically carried in dry cargo vessels, without any
particular specialization.

Cargo loading and unloading was always a slow,

laborious task, due to the varying shapes, sizes,
weights and fragility of the numerous cargoes being
carried on any one vessel.

The idea of standardizing the carrying box, or

container at 20 feet long was a breakthrough that
allowed for vessels to be designed to carry these
standard sized boxes, and for dockside equipment also
to be designed to lift , stack and store these specific
shapes.

Cargo Vessels Container

Vessels

Thus was born the container

ship. Initially, these were
small vessels of up to
10,000 DWT, carrying no
more than a few hundred
TEU (Twenty foot Equivalent
Units), but have grown in
size as the success and
economies of these vessels
have become more obvious.
Today's container ships are
being built to take 8,000
T.E.U., with plans to build 10
- 12,000 TEU ships.

Cargo Vessels Container

Vessels
These vessels are built
for speed, and can
reach upwards of 28
knots, moving cargoes
around the globe.
Through transport or
inter-modal transport,
means that these
containers can be
offloaded from a ship,
and rapidly loaded
onto trains or onto
container lorries for
onward transport to
the place of delivery.

Cargo Vessels Container

Vessels

Cargo Vessels Car Carriers

The car carrier could never be described as a beauty

of the seas, yet in it's rectangular design, is purpose
built to carry large numbers of cars.
Manufacturers of cars, mainly in Japan and Europe,
use these vessels to ship large quantities of their
products around the world. Every Japanese, Korean,
or European car you see on our roads, may have
been brought across on one of these car carrier
vessels

Cargo Vessels Car Carriers

Cargo Vessels Reefer Ships

Refrigerated Cargo Carrying Vessels ("Reefers") are

purpose built to carry fruit, meat and other food
products across the sea in a fresh and clean manner.
Perhaps the most famous of these types of vessels
are the banana carriers, trading between the
Caribbean and Europe. They are sleek and fast, as
their trade demands, with cooling (refrigeration)
equipment to keep their cargoes fresh

Cargo Vessels Reefer Ships

Cargo Vessels Ro-Ro Ships

The Ro-Ro, or more fully the Roll on - roll off

vessel, comes in a number of shapes and sizes, but
generally in two types; the passenger ro-ro and the
Cargo ro-ro.

Passenger ro-ros have become common sights

wherever people want to travel over water with their
vehicles. It is probably the only type of cargo vessel
that most people have traveled on. Usually a rear
door (but sometimes a bow door) allows for vehicles
to be driven on and off, stored on the car deck below
the passenger accommodation areas.

Cargo Vessels Ro-Ro Ships

The cargo ro-ro is less "plush" than the passenger

type, as these vessels are designed for the carriage of
commercial vehicles where luxurious passenger
accommodation is not a primary consideration.

This type vessel usually called Ro-Ro. Its mean

that Roll on, Roll off.

But novadays this types vessel called "ro-ro-ro" ships

because of their sinking easily in a heavy
weather/sea. So, means that ;
Roll on, roll off....roll over

Cargo Vessels Ro-Ro Ships

Cargo Vessels Tankers

Tankers are designed to carry liquid cargoes (not just oil)

although the carriage of crude oil has brought the tanker
unwelcome attention and largely unjustified criticism.

Oil tankers come in two basic categories, the crude

carrier, which carries crude oil, and the clean products
tanker, which carries the refined products, such as petrol,
gasoline, aviation fuel, kerosene and paraffin. Tankers
range in all sizes, from the small bunkering tanker (used
for refueling larger vessels) of 1000 DWT tons to the real
giants: the VLCC (Very Large Crude Carrier) of between
2-300,000 DWT and the ULCC (Ultra Large Crude
Carrier) of over 300,000 DWT

Cargo Vessels Tankers

HANDY SIZE TANKER

HANDYMAX TANKER
AFRAMAX TANKER
SUEZMAX TANKER
V.L.C.C. TANKER
U.L.C.C. TANKER

= 20,000 - 30,000 DWT

= approx 35,000 DWT
= between 75,000 - 125,000 DWT
= between 125,000 - 180,000 DWT
= between 200,000 - 300,000 DWT
= over 300,000 DWT

It should be remembered that over 60% of the world's

oil is transported by these tankers, and over 99% of that
arrives safely without causing pollution. Indeed most
oil pollution seen on beaches comes from the engine
rooms of vessels (of all types) and not from the cargo
tanks of tankers.

Cargo Vessels Tankers

Cargo Vessels LPG & LNG

The LNG carrier (Liquefied Natural Gas) and it's cousin the
LPG carrier (Liquefied Petroleum Gas) are products of the
late twentieth century. LNG and LPG are the preferred fuel
types of certain countries for their industrial power needs.
Japan is one such country, and so LNG needs to be
transported to Japan, but is not the easiest of cargoes to be
transported. In its natural state, LNG is a gas, so to transport
it, it needs to be either pressurized into a liquefied form, or
kept as a liquid by reducing the temperature (simple
application of Boyle's Law in physics !).
The shape of the LNG Carrier is quite unmistakable, with the
shape of the Moss tanks (which are like enormous spherical
thermos flasks !) visible along the deck, which has led to the
nickname of "Dinosaur Eggs Carriers".

Cargo Vessels LPG & LNG

Obviously, the carriage of

an explosive gas - kept at
below freezing
temperatures as an unstable
liquid presents a very
dangerous cargo, yet it is
for this very fact, that LNG
Carriers have about the
best safety record of all
maritime vessels. Only the
best officers and crews are
employed on these vessels.

Cargo Vessels LPG & LNG

Ship Types
and
Characteristics

Now,

Fill in the blanks in your papers

and
Thank you for listening

Tug Boat
Car Carrier
Passanger Ship
3- ...
2- ....
1- ....

Container Vessel
4- ....

Oil Tanker
5- ....

General Cargo Vessel 7- ....

Passanger Ship
Ro-Ro
8- ...
6- ....