Basics of Matlab

MATLAB 101
A workshop by
Society of Chemical Engineers
Department of Chemical Engineering & Technology, IIT (BHU) Varanasi
MATLAB WINDOW
Society of Chemical Engineers, Dept. of Chemical Engineering & Technology, IIT (BHU) Varanasi
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MATLAB WINDOW
Current Folder
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MATLAB WINDOW
Command
Window
Current Folder
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MATLAB WINDOW
Command
Window
Current Folder
Command History
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MATLAB WINDOW
Workspace
Command
Window
Current Folder
Command History
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STARTING OFF
M AT L A B i s a n i n t e r p r e t e r . i . e . I t r e a d s l i n e b y l i n e .
Any operation you do is stored in a variable called ans.
Make it a habit to end statements with a semicolon if you

dont want to echo its value.
Also, remember the three magic keywords:
clc , clear , help xxxxxx
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DEFINING MATRICES
M AT L A B ( M a t r i x L a b o r a t o r y ) s t o r e s a l l t h e v a r i a b l e s a s
matrices.
Separate column elements by a comma or space.

e.g. A = [1 2 3]
Separate row elements by a semicolon.

e.g. A=[1,2,3;4,5,6]
A=[1 2 3;4 5 6]
Yo u c a n a l s o u s e z e r o s ( ) o r o n e s ( ) o r e y e ( ) o r r a n d n ( ) .
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SUBSCRIPTING AND THE :
A ( i , j) u s e d t o ac c e s s t h e j t h el em e nt of t h e i t h r ow.
T h e c o l o n o p e r a t o r, : i s u s e d t o s e l e c t m u l t i p l e e l e m e n t s a t a
time
e.g. A(1,:) selects all columns for the first row
A(2:3,1:5) selects first five columns of 2 nd & 3rd row
The : can also be used for generating a vector of equallyspaced elements.

e.g. A = [1:20] generates a row of integers from 1 to 20
A = [1:2:20] generates a row of odd numbers till 20
(or numbers spaced by 2 starting from 1)
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TASK 1
Construct the following matrix, without declaring it directly

and using at most 3 statements.
A =
0
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MATRIX OPERATIONS
Concatenation : Normal matrix definitions except with

matrices instead of constants.
e.g. A= [a b ;c d]
Row/Column Deletion : Select the row/colum with the colon

operator and assign it to null.
e.g. a( 2,: )= []
Tr a n s p o s e : J u s t a d d a n a p o s t r o p h e a f t e r t h e m a t r i x n a m e .
e . g . Tr a n s p o s e o f A : A
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TASK 2
Construct the following matrix using a single statement

A =
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*the first 3*3 matrix (in red) is a magic square.
Then delete the alternate rows.
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MATRIX ALGEBRA
The + and operator add the corresponding elements of the

matrices, if their dimensions agree.
Normal matrix multiplication by the * operator.
To m u l t i p l y / d i v i d e t h e c o r r e s p o n d i n g e l e m e n t s o f t h e m a t r i c e s ,
precede the operator by a dot.
e.g. A = B.*C
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TASK 3
Assign A as a 6*6 magic square . After this substitute all the

diagonal elements with 0 in a single statement. Getting the final
answer as :
A =
0
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MATLAB SCRIPTS
Writing codes directly on command window isnt usually

convenient since you cannot change a statement after youve
p r e s s e d e n t e r.
Thus for any code which exceeds a few lines, we make

scripts on the editor , and execute them all at once.
This makes it easier to edit and debug the code.
M AT L A B e d i t o r c a n b e a c c e s s e d b y u s i n g t h e k e y w o r d e d i t .
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THE .M FILES
After the script is edited, you need to save it.
The script will be saved in the form of xxxxx.m files in the

folder specified.
If you want to run the script, type the name of the script in the
c o m m a n d w i n d o w a n d p r e s s e n t e r.
Caution: Before running the script, make sure that the current
folder holds the desired file to be executed.
Also, you need to save the file whenever a change is
made.
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CONTROL STATEMENTS IN MATLAB

1.
Conditional Statements
2.
If else end
switch case end
Looping Statements
for end
while end
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CONDITIONAL STATEMENTS
If else end
Syntax:
if <condition>
SWITCH CASE END
Syntax:
Switch <x>
Statement 1;
Case a
statement 1;
else
Case b
statement 2;
Statement 2;
Case cstatement 3;
end
Otherwise
statement 4;
end
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TASK 4
Find the greatest of 3 numbers.
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LOOPING IN MATLAB
T h e 2 b a s i c l o o p s i n M AT L A B a r e
For loop
While loop
For loop is used when we know beforehand the number of

iterations, thus has reduced flexibility but has shorter code.
While loop is the generic form and although has slightly

l o n g e r c o d e b u t h a s m o r e f l e x i b i l i t y.
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LOOPING STATEMENTS
For end
Syntax:
WHILE END
Syntax:
for <x> = a:b
while <condition>
Statement 1;
statement 1;
Statement 2;
statement 2;
end
end
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TASK 5
A man is standing on the number 5 on the number line .
After every turn , the man doubles the integer he is on and
moves back 3 integers .
Continue the loop till the position crosses 100 th , store

his positions in a matrix and compute the number of
steps taken.
Now once he crosses 100th position, he decides to triple

the integer he is on and moves back the same integer of
his last position. Repeat the same problem as above
with max limit 2000.
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PLOTTING IN MATLAB
We can use the plot function to plot x-vs-y data.

e . g . p l o t ( x , y, r o )
The first 2 parameters are the x and y matrices and the third
one is the line specification.
Caution: x & y should have the same dimensions.
More than one line can be plotted by just adding on the variables
like before.
e . g . p l o t ( a , b , r. , c , d , b o , e , f , g - )
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TASK 6
Plot a sine wave of increasing magnitude along with its

limiting values as shown below:
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FUNCTIONS
What a function basically does is

Ta k e i n a s e t o f i n p u t v a r i a b l e s
Process them
Either display an output or return a set of output
variables.
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FUNCTION SYNTAX
Syntax for a user-defined function is as follows:

function [<return variables>] = <func_name> (<input arguments>)
statement 1;
statement 2;
statement 3;
end
Syntax for a function call:
[<returned variables>] = <func_name> (<input arguments>)
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SOME KEY POINTS WHILE USING FUNCTIONS
The function is saved as a .m file and can be executed in the

same manner as a pre-defined one.
Caution: The name of the .m file should be exact same
as the name of the function
As with the case of the scripts, the current folder should

hold the function to be executed.
Use very high caution when dealing with the order of the
input and output arguments.
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SOME PRE-DEFINED MATRIX MANIPULATION

FUNCTIONS FOR YOUR USE
det (A)
Determinant:
Length of 1D matrix:
Number of rows & columns:
Diagonal elements of a matrix:
Sum of the matrix elements:
length (A)
[ r, c ] = s i z e ( A )
diag (A)
sum (A,1) : Returns a row vector containing the sum of all the columns
of matrix A
sum (A,2) : Returns a column vector containing the sum of all the rows
of matrix A
Trace of matrix: trace (A)
Rank of matrix: rank (A)
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Basics of Matlab

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MATLAB 101

Any operation you do is stored in a variable called ans.

Make it a habit to end statements with a semicolon if you

Also, remember the three magic keywords:

clc , clear , help xxxxxx

Separate column elements by a comma or space.

Separate row elements by a semicolon.

SUBSCRIPTING AND THE :

The : can also be used for generating a vector of equallyspaced elements.

Construct the following matrix, without declaring it directly

Concatenation : Normal matrix definitions except with

Row/Column Deletion : Select the row/colum with the colon

Construct the following matrix using a single statement

*the first 3*3 matrix (in red) is a magic square.

Then delete the alternate rows.

The + and operator add the corresponding elements of the

Normal matrix multiplication by the * operator.

Assign A as a 6*6 magic square . After this substitute all the

Writing codes directly on command window isnt usually

Thus for any code which exceeds a few lines, we make

This makes it easier to edit and debug the code.

After the script is edited, you need to save it.

The script will be saved in the form of xxxxx.m files in the

CONTROL STATEMENTS IN MATLAB

SWITCH CASE END

Find the greatest of 3 numbers.

For loop is used when we know beforehand the number of

While loop is the generic form and although has slightly

for <x> = a:b

Continue the loop till the position crosses 100 th , store

Now once he crosses 100th position, he decides to triple

We can use the plot function to plot x-vs-y data.

Caution: x & y should have the same dimensions.

Plot a sine wave of increasing magnitude along with its

What a function basically does is

Syntax for a user-defined function is as follows:

Syntax for a function call:

[<returned variables>] = <func_name> (<input arguments>)

SOME KEY POINTS WHILE USING FUNCTIONS

The function is saved as a .m file and can be executed in the

As with the case of the scripts, the current folder should

SOME PRE-DEFINED MATRIX MANIPULATION

Number of rows & columns:

Diagonal elements of a matrix:

Sum of the matrix elements:

Trace of matrix: trace (A)

Rank of matrix: rank (A)

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the first 33 matrix (in red) is a magic square.