KEGAWATDARURATAN

PEDIATRI

TRIAGE

TRIAG
E

CHOOSI
NG

EMERGENCY SIGNS

PRIORITY SIGNS

 The Triangle is a rapid way to

determine physiologic stability
The Triangle focuses on three
interdependent aspects of physical
assessment that reflect:

1. Severity of illness or injury

2. Urgency of intervention

Pediatric Assessment
Triangle (PAT)
Appearance
T.
I.
C.
L.
S.

Circulation to Skin

Breathing
W.
O.
B.

Pediatric Assessment
Triangle (PAT)
Appearance
T.
I.
C.
L.
S.

Circulation to Skin

Breathing
W.
O.
B.

Respiratory
Distress

Appearance:
Normal

Circulation to Skin:
Normal

Breathing:
Increased

Respiratory
Appearance: FailureBreathing:
Abnormal

Circulation to Skin:
Normal to abnormal

Increased or decreased

Shock
Appearance:
Abnormal

Circulation to Skin:
Abnormal

Breathing:
Normal

CNS dysfunction or
Metabolic abnormality

Appearance:
Abnormal

Circulation to Skin:
Normal

Breathing:
Normal

The ABCs provide maintenance of normal

vital function
Airway

Ventilation

Breathing

Oxygenation

Circulation

Perfusion

Penilaian Sirkulasi
Frekuensi jantung
Perfusi organ :
Kualitas nadi perifer
Perfusi kulit
Kesadaran
Produksi urin
Tekanan darah

 Setelah 2 5 kali napas buatan periksa

denyut nadi
Pem. denyut nadi HARUS < 10 dtk

Frekuensi Jantung Sesuai Usia

TAKIKARDIA : Tanda awal hipoksia atau perfusi yang buruk

: Demam, nyeri, ketakutan
BRADIKARDIA : Indikasi Hipoksia atau iskemia

Meraba pulsasi

Bayi baru lahir : daerah umbilikus

Bayi : a. brakialis
Anak: a. karotis

Perfusi Kulit
Suhu akral
Refill kapiler (N = < 2 3 )
Warna
o Kemerahan
o Mottled : Kulit bercak2 kebiruan akibat vasokontriksi
o Pucat
o Sianosis (biru): Kulit dan mukosa tampak biru

Tekanan Systolic Minimal Sesuai Usia

Rapid Cardiopulmonary Assessment

A. Airway Patency
B. Breathing
Rate Newborn
1 year 18 year
<40
24
16
Air entry Chest rise, breath sound, strdor, wheezing
Mechanics Retraction, grunting
C. Circulation
Heart rate
Newborn-3 m
3m-12y 2-10y >10 y
140
130
80
75
Peripheral/central pulse Present, absent, volume
Skin perfusion Capillary refill < 3 seconds, Temperature, color, mottling
CNS perfusion Recognizes parents, reaction to pain, muscle tone, pupil
size
Blood pressure
Newborn
1y
>1 y
>60
>70
>70+(agex2)

SKALA AVPU
Kategori
Alert

Rangsang

Tipe Respon

Reaksi

Lingkungan normal

Sesuai

Interaksi normal

Verbal

Perintah sederhana
atau rangsang suara

- Sesuai
- Tidak sesuai

Bereaksi thdp nama

Tidak spesifik/bingung

Painful

Nyeri

-Sesuai
- Tidak sesuai

- Menghindari rangsang
-Mengeluarkan suara tanpa
tujuan/ melokalisasi nyeri
- Posture

- Patologis

Unresponsive

Tak ada respon

PEDIATRIC BASIC
LIFE SUPPORT

Pediatric BLS Algorithm.

Marc D. Berg et al. Circulation. 2010;122:S862-S75

Copyright American Heart Association, Inc. All rights reserved.

High Quality CPR

High quality CPR