DENSITY BASED STREET LIGHT

SWITCHING
BASED ON SENSORS
PRESENDTED BY

E.NAVEEN KUMAR
(07J81A0490)
T.DURGA PRASAD
(07J81A0477)
K.MAKESHWAR REDDY
(07J81A0484)
INTERNAL
B.VENKAT SUBBIAH
MIRZA
(07J81A04C5)

GUIDE: Mr.

P INDRA REDDY MEMORIAL ENGINEERING

COLLEGE
Chevella, Ranga reddy

INTRODUCTION

The main goal of this project LDR BASED

AUTOMATIC STREET CONTROL SYSTEM is to
control the switching of street light
automatically according to the light intensity
and according to the vehicles passes through
the street
This project is designed around a
microcontroller which forms the heart of the
project.
In our project we are going to make use of a
sensor called LDR which stands for Light
Dependent Resistor. which sense the intensity of
light . According to this the street lights are
made ON and OFF.

BLOCK DIAGRAM
230
V

POWER
SUPPLY
TRANSMITTE
TRANSMITTE
R
R

RECEIVER
RECEIVER

LDR

MICRO
CONTOLLE
R
(AT89C51)

RELAY

STREET
LIGHTS

Circuit description

HARDWARE INVOLVED IN
THIS PROJECT IS:
MICRO CONTROLLER(AT89C51)
POWER SUPPLY
LDR
STREET LIGHT

Micro Controller
If a system is developed with a microprocessor,

the designer has to go for external memory such

as RAM, ROM, EPROM and peripherals. But
controller is provided all these facilities on a single
chip.
Its 8051c and 40 pin DIP.
This section basically consists of Crystal with
capacitors, Reset circuitry, Pull up resistors
It controls the devices being interfaced and
communicates with the devices according to the
program being written

Micro controller

Multiple 16-Bit
Timer/Counters

Full Duplex UART

One Serial communication
port

8 Bit CPU optimized for

control applications

On - Chip Flash Program

Memory

On - Chip EEPROM

Block diagram of c

Power Supply
Supplying Power to all the sections.
It consists of
1.
2.

9V DC battery
A positive voltage regulator

. The power supplies are designed to convert high

voltage AC mains electricity to a suitable low voltage

supply for electronics circuits and other devices.

POWER SUPPLY

Transformer Bridge rectifierCapacitive filterregulator

LED

About power supply section

Transformer: It is an electrical device which is

used to convert electrical power from one
Electrical circuit to another without change in
frequency.
Rectifier : Used to convert A.C to D.C .
Filter: Is a device which removes the A.C
component of rectifier output but allows the D.C
component to reach the load.
Regulator: It gives the constant voltage.

LIGHT DEPENDENT
RESISTOR

LDRs or Light Dependent Resistors are

very useful especially in light/dark
sensor circuits. Normally the resistance
of an LDR is very high, sometimes as
high as 1000 000 ohms, but when they
are illuminated with light resistance
drops dramatically.

Relay

Relay is an electrically
operated switch. Many relay
use an electromagnet to
operate a switching
mechanism mechanically,
but other operating
principles are also used
Relays are used where it is
necessary to control a
circuit by a low power signal
or where several circuits
must be controlled by one
signal
There is no electrical
connection inside the relay
between the two circuits the

NO = Normally open
NC = Normally closed
COM = Common

Soft Ware Components

Keil software for C programming.

- (Embedded C)
Express PCB for lay out design.
Express SCH for schematic design.

CONCLUTION

The project season based street light

switching based on sensors has been
successfully designed and tested.
It has been developed by integrating features
of all the hardware components used.
Presence of every module has been reasoned
out and placed carefully thus contributing to
the best working of the unit.
Secondly, using highly advanced ICs and with
the help of growing technology the project has
been successfully implemented.
Finally we conclude that season based
street light switching based on sensors
is an emerging field and there is a huge scope

FUTURE ENHANCEMENT

The present project can be enhanced by

using GSM technology. We can control
(ON/OFF) the street light from different
area and we can also know the status of
them.