Tenses bentuk kata kerja yg

menunjukkan waktu dari suatu

atau kegiatan
Berdasartindakan
ada tidaknya
kata kerja
nyata, kalimat dibagi jadi dua : kalimat
nominal
Kalimatdan kalimat verbal
Tidak memiliki kata kerja nyata, hanya
nominal
mempunyai kata kerja penghubung
yaitu to be sebagai
kata
kerja
am, is,
are,
was, were,
utamanya. be, been
Kalimat

verbal
Memiliki kata kerja nyata sebagai kata
kerja utamanya
(main
verb).
walk,
drink,
feel, come etc.

Kalimat Nominal
Subject + is/am/are +
complement
I am a student
She is a singer
You are lecturer
Ikrar and Amin are famous
magician

Kalimat Verbal
Subject + Verb1/verbs/-es

I go to school every day

You look happy
They do their work on time
We like this song
He comes to his house twice
a day
He learns English almost
every day

Notes:
Jika subyeknya:
I, you, we, they, my
friends kata kerjanya:
verb1
he, she, it, Andi, my
friend kata kerjanya:
verb-s/es

Mengungkapkankejadian,
tindakan atau sesuatu dgn ciri2
1.berikut:
Kebiasaan
My sister drinks milk every
morning
They speak Umum
English every day
2. Kebenaran
The sun rises in the east
The world is round

3. Terjadwal atau terencana

The train arrives at 04.00
The shop closes at 09.00

Tim
e

Now

Tanda waktu (Time

marker)

Every : every day, every

morning, every Sunday,
every year,
Always, never, rarely,
sometimes, often, usually.
On Sundays, on Fridays
In the morning, in the
evening

Kalimat Nominal
Subject + is/am/are +
complement
I am an university student
She is a singer
You are director

Kalimat Verbal
Subject + Verb1/verbs/-es

I go to school every day

You look happy
They do their work on time
We like this song
He comes to his house twice
a day
He learns English almost
every day

Digunakan pada:
1. Kejadian yg sedang
berlangsung
Susi is sleeping at her
room now
They are watching TV now

2. Kejadian yang akan

datang dlm waktu dekat
We are living for Bali
tomorrow morning
We are coming soon

Tim
e

Now

Kata kerja yg tak bisa (hampir

tidak pernah) menjadi verb-ing:
wish
want

understand
remember
realize
hate
hear
believe
belong

taste
suppose
sound
love
mean
need
own
forget

smell
seem
see
prefer
like
know
appear
have

Time markers

now
at the moment
at present
the moment
this time

Kalimat Nominal

Subject + has/have/been +
complement

I have been here for two

hours
They have been in Malaysia
since five years ago
He has been here for years

Kalimat Verbal
Subject + has/have +
verb3
I have lived here for three
years
We have done our work since
yesterday
He has written this
storybook
Mr. Rusdi has written many
books since he graduated from
the university

Digunakan ketika
1.
Tindakan atau keinginan yg tlh
mengungkapkan:
selesai sebelum now

She done all the works

We have visited some libraries in this
2. town
Perbuatan atau kegiatan yg

dilakukan pd waktu lampau dan

msh
berkaitan
dgn waktu
My father
has taught
Maths sekarang
since
twenty years ago
I have waited
for selesai
my mother
for two
3.Aktivitas
yg tlh
dilakukan,
hours
namun
hasilnya bs dirasakan saat ini
She has read this book.
They have seen this film several time.

Tim
e

Now

Time markers
Since .: since last week,
since 1972
For .: for three months,
for two days
Already, just, not yet, three
times, so far

Kalimat nominal
Sama dengan Present
Perfect Tense
Subject + has/have/been +
Complement

Kalimat Verbal
Subject + has/have/been
+ verb-ing
I have been learning
English for twoyears
The baby has been sleeping
three hours
My sisters has been sleeping
since three oclock

Digunakan ketika
mengungkapkan:

Suatu aktivitas berlangsung

cukup lama, dimulai pada
masa lampau dan masih terus
berlangsung sampai sekarang
Contoh:
I have been learning English for
two years

Tim
e

Now

Time markers
Since .: since I was a
child
since two
years ago

For .: for three

since
we met
years
for three hours

Kalimat Nominal
Subject + was/were +
complement
I was in Bali last week
She was very happy
yesterday
Edwin was here yust now
They were very excited
We were very happy

Kalimat Verbal
Subject + Verb2
John went to Singapore last
month
He visited me yesterdaay
She wrote a letter to her
father
last week
I met Linda
three days ago
They drank tea this morning

Mengungkapkan
1. Kejadian yg terjd di waktu
tertentu di masa lampau
Dina was here yesterday
He played badminton last
2. Saturday
Kebiasaan atau kejadian yg

berulang-ulang di masa
lampau
He always studied hard when
he was a student
In the past, smoked almost
every day
You always cried every day

Tim
e

Now

Tanda waktu (Time

marker)

Yesterday
Just now.
Last : last week, last
month, last year, last
Monday, last February
.. ago: three days ago,
two weeks ago, two years
ago

Kalimat Nominal
Sama dengan Simple Past
Tense
Subject + was/were +

complement

Kalimat Verbal
Subject + was/were +
verb-ing

Susi was listening to the radio when

I came
The
young lady was sleeping
when her friends arrived
When I was writing a story , my mother
phoned

The director phoned me when I

was attending a meeting

Indi was watching television, while

Indra was reading a novel

Digunakan untuk
mengungkapkan:
1. Tindakan di masa lampau yang
disela tindakan atau kejadian yg
lain
Susi was watching television when
I came
2. Dua
kejadian atau tindakan yg
terjadi dlm waktu yg sama di
masa
Iwan lampau
was reading a book while
Susan was sitting in the living
room
3. Kejadian
atau tindakan yg

sedang berlangsung pd waktu

tertentu
di studying
masa lampau
Doni was
at eight
oclock last night

Tim
e

Now

Time markers
when
while
at

Kalimat Nominal
Subject + had been +
complement
He had been here before I
came
The student had been in the
classroom before the lecturer
come in

Kalimat Verbal
Subject + had + verb 3
Didan had gone to the school before
he went home
Dina drank her tea after she had
finished her work
Before Shinta cooked, she had
bought meat in the market
Doni had lived in Jakarta for five
years before he moved to
Surabaya

Digunakan untuk
mengungkapkan:
1. Tindakan yg terjd sebelum
tindakan lain di masa lampau
Didan had gone to the school before
he went home

2. Kejadian atau kondisi atau

peristiwa yg berlangsung selama
waktu tertentu dimsa lampau,
tetapi
sebelum
now
Doni
had berhenti
lived in Jakarta
for five years
before he moved to Surabaya

Tim
e

Now

Time markers
before
after
when

Kalimat Nominal
Sama dengan pola Past
Perfect
Tense
Subject
+ had been

complement

Kalimat Verbal
Subject + had + been
+ verb-ing
My father had been working
at the company for twenty
years before he retired

Tim
e

Now

Time markers
before
for

Kalimat Nominal
Subject + well/shall + be +
complement
I shall be here tomorrow
They will be very happy
because of you
She will be there

Kalimat Verbal 1
Subject + well/shall +
verb 1
The disrector will create a new
movie next Sunday
They will take an examination
tomorrow morning
Tantri will travel around
Kalimantan next March

Kalimat Verbal 2

Subject + am/is/are + going

to + verb 1
I am going to finish my study
next November
He is going to visit Bali next
month
They are going to see their
parents this weekend

Time marker
1. Tomorrow
2. Next ..: next week; next
month; next year
3. Tonight
4. In the future
5. This weekend
6. In five days

Kalimat Nominal
Sama dengan Future Tense

Subject + well/shall + be +
complement

Kalimat Verbal
Subject + well/shall + be +
verb-ing
The disreAt 8 oclock tomorrow,
I will be watching my favorite
film
He will be listening his favorite
song at this time tomorrow
She will be attending the

Time marker
1. At this time omorrow
2. At nin e oclock tomorrow
morning
3. At the same time tomorrow