Guage R&R Explanation)

GR&R v3
Michael J. White
Master Black Belt NA OSS
Unpublished work TRW Automotive 2006
8/21/06
MTB mike
GR&R v3
Definitions:
MS; Measurement System Variation (Minitab will label this Total Gage R&R)
PTP; Part-To-Part variation
GR&R; Gage Repeatability and Reproducibility study
TV; Total Study Variation
Caution
The calculations for the GR&R study are not dependent upon whether the
parts are in specification or not. Whether the process is in control or not.
When you do a linearity/accuracy study you select or create parts than span
the entire range of the specification. If you use these same parts for the
GR&R study you will artificially impact the %GR&R and %PT results.
It assumes that accuracy and stability is not an issue.
It is possible to calculate a zero for Reproducibility see example in
appendix.
8/21/06
MTB mike
GR&R v3
Caution
AIAG Measurement Systems Analysis MSA 3rd Edition; page vi
Using 6 instead of 5.15 will increase a 10% GR&R to 11.7%; a 20% to

23.3% and a 30% to 35.0%.
8/21/06
MTB mike
GR&R v3
O v e r a ll
V a ria t io n
P a rt-T o -P a rt
V a r ia t i o n
M e a s u re m e n t S y s te m
V a r ia t i o n
V a r ia t io n D u e
To G age
" R e p e a t a b ilit y "
T o O p e ra to rs
" R e p r o d u c ib ilit y "
O p e ra to r
O p e ra to r
B y P a rt
" I n t e r a c t io n "
When you do a GR&R study the overall variation in the data can be
decomposed into two categories. Variation due to Part-To-Part differences
(PTP) and variation due the the measurement system (MS). The variation
due to MS can further be decomposed into variation due to the gage
(repeatability) and variation due to differences in operators (reproducibility). If
a significant interaction exists, then the reproducibility can be decomposed
into operator and operator-by-part.
Minitab Users Guide Number 2
8/21/06
MTB mike
GR&R v3
O v e r a ll
V a ria t io n
P a rt-T o -P a rt
V a r ia t i o n
V a r ia t i o n
To G age
V a r i a t io n D u e
T o O p e r a to rs
O p e ra to r
O p e ra to r
B y P a rt
In a perfect world all the variation would be contributed to the differences in

parts and none to the MS itself. Unfortunately, this is not usually the case.
There is always some variation contributed to the MS. Some is caused by the
gage itself and some by the operators. If the gage was absolutely perfect
(no variation), then the operators would be the source of the variation and we
could address (training, procedures) that issue.
In a GR&R study we measure a part several times with the same operator. If
the measurements are not the same, we have an estimate of the lack of
repeatability. When we measure a part with several operators and the
measurements are not the same we have an estimate of reproducibility.
When we measure several parts across several operators we can obtain an
estimate of the Measurement System Variation.
8/21/06
MTB mike
GR&R v3
O v e r a ll
V a ria t io n
P a rt-T o -P a rt
V a r ia t i o n
V a r ia t i o n
To G age
T o O p e r a to rs
O p e ra to r
O p e ra to r
B y P a rt
When studying an acceptable gage the X-Bar R chart should be in control on

the Range chart and out of control on the X-Bar chart. The ranges are a
measure of the repeatability and reproducibility of the gage (within group
variation), they should be very similar, thus in control. On the X-Bar chart the
control limits are determined by the average range. The average
measurement of the part (points on the X-Bar chart) should be much larger
than the measurement system variation, thus out of the limits and out of
control.

8/21/06
MTB mike
GR&R v3
O v e r a ll
V a ria t io n
P a rt-T o -P a rt
V a r ia t i o n
V a r ia t i o n
To G age
T o O p e r a to rs
O p e ra to r
O p e ra to r
B y P a rt
The purpose of the GR&R study is to quantify how large the variation
contributed to the MS (repeatability & reproducibility) is relative to a standard.
The standard is usually the print tolerance and the study variation (process
measurements). Our training material refers to the print Tolerance as %PT,
the study variation as %GR&R. Please be cautious when referring to
them, this distinction may not be clear to everyone. Your customer may
refer to the %GR&R as the one relative to the print tolerance.
Obviously, if you randomly select parts from your process the %GR&R has
meaning relative to your process and any studies completed in the future. If
you arbitrarily select/create parts either ones that are too close to each other
or too far apart it will impact the %TP. If too close the %PT will be large, if too
far apart the %PT will be small.
8/21/06
MTB mike
GR&R v3
Lets look at the results of a GR&R study
that is part of our Green Belt training. Data
in appendix. Tolerance = 4
O v e r a ll
V a ria t io n
P a r t - T o - P a rt
V a r ia t i o n
V a r ia t i o n
V a ria tio n D u e
To G age
T o O p e ra to rs
O p e ra to r
O p e ra to r
B y P a rt
" I n te r a c t io n "
Gage name:
Date of study:
Reported by:
Tolerance:
Misc:
Gage R&R (ANOVA) for Measurement

Components of Variation
By Unit Number
Percent
100
%Contribution
%Study Var
%Tolerance
13
50
12
11
Gage R&R
Repeat
Reprod
Unit Number 1
Part-to-Part
Joe
0.2
Sally
0.1
UCL=0.2053
R=0.09
0.0
12
LCL=0
11
Operator Joe
Joe
13
Xbar Chart by Operator
Sally
Operator*Unit Number Interaction

Sally
UCL=12.09
Mean=12.02
LCL=11.96
12
11
Operator
Joe
Sally
13
13
Average
Sample Mean
By Operator
X-Bar out of
control indicating
that the parts have
more variability
than the MS.
R Chart by Operator
Sample Range
Range chart in
control is a
measure of MS.
Opacity Meter
8/19/01
GRR
4
12
11
0

8/21/06
Unit Number
MTB mike
GR&R v3
O v e r a ll
V a r ia t io n
P a r t- T o - P a rt
V a r ia t i o n
V a r ia t i o n
To G age
T o O p e r a to rs
O p e ra to r
Gage R&R
O p e ra to r
B y P a rt
Source
VarComp
%Contribution
(of VarComp)
Total Gage R&R

Repeatability
Reproducibility
Operator
Part-To-Part
Total Variation
0.00705
0.00183
0.00521
0.00521
0.55042
0.55747
1.26
0.33
0.94
0.94
98.74
100.00
Source
StdDev
(SD)
Study Var
(5.15*SD)
%Study Var
(%SV)
%Tolerance
(SV/Toler)
Total Gage R&R

Repeatability
Reproducibility
Operator
Part-To-Part
Total Variation
0.083950
0.042835
0.072199
0.072199
0.741905
0.746640
0.43234
0.22060
0.37183
0.37183
3.82081
3.84519
11.24
5.74
9.67
9.67
99.37
100.00
10.81
5.52
9.30
9.30
95.52
96.13
No significant
interaction in
this example.
Number of Distinct Categories = 12

8/21/06
MTB mike
GR&R v3
O v e r a ll
V a r ia t io n
V a r ia t i o n
V a r ia t i o n
To G age
T o O p e r a to rs
O p e ra to r
O p e ra to r
B y P a rt
No significant
interaction in
this example.
Gage R&R
Source
VarComp
%Contribution
(of VarComp)
Total Gage R&R

Repeatability
Reproducibility
Operator
Part-To-Part
Total Variation
0.00705
0.00183
0.00521
0.00521
0.55042
0.55747
1.26
0.33
0.94
0.94
98.74
100.00

8/21/06
Lets see if we can determine how

MTB calculates these values.
MTB mike
10
GR&R v3
O v e r a ll
V a r ia t io n
V a r ia t i o n
V a r ia t i o n
To G age
T o O p e r a to rs
O p e ra to r
O p e ra to r
B y P a rt
No significant
interaction in
this example.
Please review the Calculating the Variance Components for Gage R&R Study
(Crossed) by hand document in the appendix for details.
MTB uses the following functions to calculate the variance components. Interaction pvalue greater than 0.25 dropped from model.
a = number of parts
b = number of operators
n = number of replicates
VarComp for Repeatability = MS Repeatability

VarComp for Operator = (MS Operator MS Repeatability)/an
VarComp for Part = (MS Part MS Repeatability)/bn
8/21/06
MTB mike
11
GR&R v3
O v e r a ll
V a r ia t io n
V a r ia t i o n
V a r ia t i o n
To G age
T o O p e r a to rs
O p e ra to r
O p e ra to r
B y P a rt
No significant
interaction in
this example.
To complete these calculations we need the ANOVA table.

Two-Way ANOVA Table With Interaction
Source
DF
Unit Number
4
Operator
1
Operator*Unit Number 4
Repeatability
30
Total
39
Without Interaction
used in the following
calculations.
SS
MS
17.6209
0.1061
0.0088
0.0536
17.7894
4.40522
0.10609
0.00220
0.00179
2005.79
48.31
1.23
0.00000
0.00225
0.31941
Since p-value of
interaction is > 0.25, it
is dropped from the
model.
Two-Way ANOVA Table Without Interaction

Source
DF
SS
MS
Unit Number
Operator
Repeatability
Total
4
1
34
39
17.6209
0.1061
0.0624
17.7894
4.40522
0.10609
0.00183

8/21/06
F
2400.86
57.82
P
0.00000
0.00000
MTB mike
12
GR&R v3
O v e r a ll
V a r ia t io n
V a r ia t i o n
V a r ia t i o n
To G age
T o O p e r a to rs
O p e ra to r
No significant
interaction in
this example.
O p e ra to r
B y P a rt
To complete these calculations we need the ANOVA table.

Source
DF
Unit Number
Operator
Repeatability
Total
4 17.6209
1 0.1061
34 0.0624
39 17.7894
MS Repeatability = 0.00183
MS Part = 4.40522
8/21/06
SS
MS
4.40522 2400.86 0.00000

0.10609
57.82 0.00000
0.00183
MS Operator = 0.10609
a = 5 parts
b = 2 operators
n = 4 replicates
MTB mike
13
GR&R v3
O v e r a ll
V a r ia t io n
V a r ia t i o n
V a r ia t i o n
To G age
T o O p e r a to rs
O p e ra to r
MS Part = 4.40522
No significant
interaction in
this example.
O p e ra to r
B y P a rt
a = 5 parts
b = 2 operators
n = 4 replicates
VarComp Repeatability = MS Repeatability = 0.00183

VarComp Operator = (MS Operator MS Repeatability) an = (0.10609 - 0.00183) / 20 = 0.00521
VarComp Part = (MS Part MS Repeatability)/bn = (4.40522 0.00183) / 8 = 0.55042
VarComp for reproducibility is the VarComp for Operator (interaction not significant) = 0.00521
VarComp for Total Gage R&R is the sum of VarComps for Repeatability and Reproducibility = 0.00704
VarComp for Total is the sum of the VarComps for Total Gage R&R and Part-to-Part = 0.55746

8/21/06
MTB mike
14
GR&R v3
O v e r a ll
V a r ia t io n
P a rt-T o -P a rt
V a r ia t i o n
V a r ia t i o n
To G age
T o O p e ra to rs
O p e ra to r
No significant
interaction in
this example.
O p e ra to r
B y P a rt
Gage R&R
Source
VarComp
%Contribution
(of VarComp)
Total Gage R&R

Repeatability
Reproducibility
Operator
Part-To-Part
Total Variation
0.00705
0.00183
0.00521
0.00521
0.55042
0.55747
1.26
0.33
0.94
0.94
98.74
100.00
VarComp Repeatability = MS Repeatability = 0.00183

VarComp Operator = (MS Operator MS Repeatability) an = (0.10609 - 0.00183) / 20 = 0.00521
VarComp Part = (MS Part MS Repeatability)/bn = (4.40522 0.00183) / 8 = 0.55042
VarComp for reproducibility is the VarComp for Operator (interaction not significant) = 0.00521
VarComp for Total Gage R&R is the sum of VarComps for Repeatability and Reproducibility = 0.00704
VarComp for Total is the sum of the VarComps for Total Gage R&R and Part-to-Part = 0.55746
Authors note; Please forgive round off. It is possible to get a VarComp of Zero for Reproducibility when we have a significant interaction that has a
MS greater than the MS of Operator. See example in appendix.
8/21/06
MTB mike
15
GR&R v3
O v e r a ll
V a r ia t io n
V a r ia t i o n
V a r ia t i o n
To G age
T o O p e r a to rs
O p e ra to r
Gage R&R
O p e ra to r
B y P a rt
Source
VarComp
%Contribution
(of VarComp)
Total Gage R&R

Repeatability
Reproducibility
Operator
Part-To-Part
Total Variation
0.00705
0.00183
0.00521
0.00521
0.55042
0.55747
1.26
0.33
0.94
0.94
98.74
100.00
Source
StdDev
(SD)
Study Var
(5.15*SD)
%Study Var
(%SV)
%Tolerance
(SV/Toler)
Total Gage R&R

Repeatability
Reproducibility
Operator
Part-To-Part
Total Variation
0.083950
0.042835
0.072199
0.072199
0.741905
0.746640
0.43234
0.22060
0.37183
0.37183
3.82081
3.84519
11.24
5.74
9.67
9.67
99.37
100.00
10.81
5.52
9.30
9.30
95.52
96.13
No significant
interaction in
this example.

8/21/06
MTB mike
16
GR&R v3
Variance contributed by
each component.
Percent contribution
relative to total.
Gage R&R
Source
VarComp
%Contribution
(of VarComp)
Total Gage R&R

Repeatability
Reproducibility
Operator
Part-To-Part
Total Variation
0.00705
0.00183
0.00521
0.00521
0.55042
0.55747
1.26
0.33
0.94
0.94
98.74
100.00
Source
StdDev
(SD)
Study Var
(5.15*SD)
%Study Var
(%SV)
%Tolerance
(SV/Toler)
Total Gage R&R

Repeatability
Reproducibility
Operator
Part-To-Part
Total Variation
0.083950
0.042835
0.072199
0.072199
0.741905
0.746640
0.43234
0.22060
0.37183
0.37183
3.82081
3.84519
11.24
5.74
9.67
9.67
99.37
100.00
10.81
5.52
9.30
9.30
95.52
96.13

8/21/06
(0.00705 / 0.55747) * 100 = 1.26%
Standard deviation is the

square root of the
variance.
SqRoot(0.00705) = 0.083950 Std Dev of MS
MTB mike
17
GR&R v3
Gage R&R
Source
VarComp
%Contribution
(of VarComp)
Total Gage R&R

Repeatability
Reproducibility
Operator
Part-To-Part
Total Variation
0.00705
0.00183
0.00521
0.00521
0.55042
0.55747
1.26
0.33
0.94
0.94
98.74
100.00
Source
StdDev
(SD)
Study Var
(5.15*SD)
%Study Var
(%SV)
%Tolerance
(SV/Toler)
Total Gage R&R

Repeatability
Reproducibility
Operator
Part-To-Part
Total Variation
0.083950
0.042835
0.072199
0.072199
0.741905
0.746640
0.43234
0.22060
0.37183
0.37183
3.82081
3.84519
11.24
5.74
9.67
9.67
99.37
100.00
10.81
5.52
9.30
9.30
95.52
96.13
0.08395 is the standard deviation of the MS.

0.08395 * 5.15 = 0.43234 which captures 99% of the MS
( 0.43234 / 4 ) * 100 = 10.81% = %PT

Recall print tolerance = 4.
0.746640 is the standard deviation of the Total Variation.

0.746640 * 5.15 = 3.84519 which captures 99% of the Total Variation
( 0.43234 / 3.84519 ) * 100 = 11.24% = %GR&R

8/21/06
MTB mike
18
GR&R v3
The graph below shows the relative size of the Measurement System Variation,
Study Variation and the Print Tolerance. Does not imply relative position.
GR&R STUDY
%GR&R = 11.24% Relative To Study Variation
%PT = 10.81% Relative to Print Tolerance of 4
MS Variation
Study Variation
Print Tolerance = 4
Showing relative size, not necessarily position.

8/21/06
MTB mike
19
GR&R v3
The general guidelines for interpreting the GR&R percentage is as follows;
0% to 10% is Desired, 10% to 20% is Acceptable, 20% to 30% is
Borderline, and above 30% is Unacceptable. The graphic below shows the
relative size of these percentages (and 50%) to the process variation.
GR&R STUDY
10%, 20%, 30%, 50%
Relative To Study Variation
GR&R% =10% GR&R% =20%
Study Variation
GR&R% =50%
GR&R% =30%
Demonstrating relativ e spread of v ariation not relativ e position.

8/21/06
MTB mike
20
GR&R v3
CATEGORIES
You can think of the number of distinct categories as the number of groups
within the process data that your measurement system can distinguish.
Suppose you measure ten different parts, and MINITAB reports the number of
distinct categories as four. This means that your measurement system, over
time, cannot detect the difference between some of the parts. Increasing the
precision of the gage will increase the number of distinct categories.
The Automotive Industry Action Group (AIAG) states:
"If the number of data categories is less than two, the measurement system is
of no value for controlling the process. It is all noise and one part cannot be
said to be different from another. If the number of categories is two, it would
mean that the data can be divided into high and low groups, however, this is
only equivalent to attribute data. The number of categories must be five,
preferably more, for the measurement system to be acceptable for the analysis
of the process."
Automotive Industry Action Group (AIAG) (2002). Measurement Systems
Analysis Reference Manual. Chrysler, Ford, General Motors Supplier Quality
Requirements Task Force.
8/21/06
MTB mike
21
GR&R v3
Lets take a look at the categories or resolution of the MS. In this GR&R study the
number of distinctive categories is 12. Lets look at a visual before we go through a
rigorous explanation. Recall that the standard deviation of the MS was 0.08395 (times
5.15 = 0.43234), and the standard deviation of the PTP was 0.74190 (times 5.15 =
3.8208).
GR&R STUDY
MS
5.15 * St Dev = 0.43234
P-T-P
5.15 * St Dev = 3.8208

8/21/06
MTB mike
22
GR&R v3
The graphic below indicates how many times the spread of the MS will go
into the spread of the study variation. It appears to go in 9 times. This
indicates that we can distinguish at least nine groups or categories within
the study variation. A relatively high number.
GR&R STUDY
This is not quite the 12 categories calculated by Minitab. But it gives

us a visual of the concept.
8/21/06
MTB mike
23
GR&R v3
The categories represent the number of non-overlapping confidences
intervals that span the range of the study variation. Minitab calculates it, by
dividing the standard deviation of the PTP by the standard deviation of the
Total Gage R&R and multiplying by 1.41. Then rounding to the nearest
integer.
0.741905 / 0.08395 * 1.41 12.46
Rounding off to the nearest integer gives us 12 categories.

8/21/06
MTB mike
24
GR&R v3
The number of categories must be five, preferably more, for the
measurement system to be acceptable for the analysis of the process."
GR&R CATEGORIES
Relative to Study Variaion
T otal Study Variation

8/21/06
MTB mike
25
GR&R v3
The next obvious question is where did the 1.41 come from. The following is
a relationship between variances.
Total Variation = Part-To-Part Variation + Total Gage R&R

You can find estimates for these three sources of variation in the "VarComp"
column in the MINITAB Session window output for a Gage R&R analysis.
A relative measure of how much of the total variability is due to the Part-ToPart variability is:
r = Part-To-Part / Total Variation

r (Rho)
0< r<1
Wheeler defines the discrimination ratio as:
D = sqrt((1+r)/(1-r))
1 < D < infinity
The square root is in the formula to return the value to the original
units of the data (standard deviation units).
D. J. Wheeler and R. W. Lyday (1989). Evaluating the Measurement Process, Second Edition. SPC Press, Inc.
8/21/06
MTB mike
26
GR&R v3
TV = PTP + TG
To save key strokes let;

equal
Total Variation = Part-To-Part + Total Gage R&R

r = PTP / TV
therefore
PTP
1 r
TV
D
PTP
1 r
1
TV
1
TV PTP
TV PTP
TV PTP
TG
PTP TG PTP
TG
2 PTP TG
TG
2 PTP TG
2 PTP TG
2 PTP
1
TG
TG
TG
TG
D 1.41

8/21/06
TV PTP
TV
TV PTP
TV
2 PTP
PTP
PTP
2*
1.41
TG
TG
TG
Minitab drops the 1 for a

more conservative
(smaller) estimate and
uses 1.41 as an estimate of
the square root of 2.
PTP
PTP
StDev PTP
1.41
1.41 *
TG
StDev TG
TG
MTB mike
27
GR&R v3
In our example;
Gage R&R
Source
VarComp
%Contribution
(of VarComp)
Total Gage R&R

Repeatability
Reproducibility
Operator
Part-To-Part
Total Variation
0.00705
0.00183
0.00521
0.00521
0.55042
0.55747
1.26
0.33
0.94
0.94
98.74
100.00
Source
StdDev
(SD)
Study Var
(5.15*SD)
%Study Var
(%SV)
%Tolerance
(SV/Toler)
Total Gage R&R

Repeatability
Reproducibility
Operator
Part-To-Part
Total Variation
0.083950
0.042835
0.072199
0.072199
0.741905
0.746640
0.43234
0.22060
0.37183
0.37183
3.82081
3.84519
11.24
5.74
9.67
9.67
99.37
100.00
10.81
5.52
9.30
9.30
95.52
96.13
D 1.41 *
StDev PTP
.741905
1.41 *
12.46
StDev TG
.083950
D rounding to nearest int eger 12.46 12

8/21/06
MTB mike
28
GR&R v3

8/21/06
MTB mike
29
GR&R v3
GR&R data

8/21/06
MTB mike
30
GR&R v3
MTB hand
calculations

8/21/06
MTB mike
31
GR&R v3
Example of Reproducibility = Zero

8/21/06
MTB mike
32
GR&R v3
Gage name:
Date of study:
Reported by:
Tolerance:
Misc:
Gage R&R (ANOVA) for Data

Components of Variation
By Part
Percent
100
1.5
%Contribution
%Study Var
%Tolerance
1.4
1.3
50
1.2
1.1
0
Gage R&R
Repeat
Reprod
Part
Part-to-Part
R Chart by Operator
Sample Range
0.3
CD
DD
1.5
UCL=0.2631
1.4
0.2
1.3
R=0.1022
0.1
0.0
1.2
1.1
LCL=0
0
Operator
CD
DD
Xbar Chart by Operator

CD
1.4
Operator*Part Interaction
UCL=1.379
1.3
Mean=1.275
1.2
LCL=1.170
1.1
Operator
1.5
DD
Average
1.5
Sample Mean
By Operator
CD
DD
1.4
1.3
1.2
1.1

8/21/06
Part
MTB mike
33
GR&R v3
Two-Way ANOVA Table With Interaction
Source
DF
Part
Operator
Operator*Valve No
Repeatability
Total
4
1
4
20
29
SS
MS
0.368326 0.0920816
0.000488 0.0004880
0.003298 0.0008246
0.073889 0.0036945
0.446002
111.666
0.592
0.223
0.00023
0.48462
0.92226

Source
DF
SS
Part
Operator
Repeatability
Total
4
1
24
29
0.368326
0.000488
0.077188
0.446002

8/21/06
MS
0.0920816 28.6309
0.0004880 0.1517
0.0032162
P
0.00000
0.70031
Reduced
Model
MTB mike
34
GR&R v3
Source
DF
SS
Part
Operator
Repeatability
Total
4
1
24
29
0.368326
0.000488
0.077188
0.446002
MS Part = 0.368326
MS
0.0920816 28.6309
0.0004880 0.1517
0.0032162
0.00000
0.70031
a = 5 parts
b = 2 operators
n = 3 replicates
VarComp Operator = (MS Operator MS Repeatability) an = (0.000488 - 0.077188) / 15 =
-0.005113
VarComp is a negative number very strange!

8/21/06
MTB mike
35
GR&R v3
Source
DF
SS
Part
Operator
Repeatability
Total
4
1
24
29
0.368326
0.000488
0.077188
0.446002
MS
0.0920816 28.6309
0.0004880 0.1517
0.0032162
P
0.00000
0.70031
Variance
Sum of
Squares
n 1
Degrees of Freedom

8/21/06
Recall from the ANOVA table

that the MS is the variance due
to the differences (parts,
operators, etc.). It is always a
positive number.
MTB mike
36
GR&R v3
Source
DF
SS
Part
Operator
Repeatability
Total
4
1
24
29
0.368326
0.000488
0.077188
0.446002
MS
0.0920816 28.6309
0.0004880 0.1517
0.0032162
P
0.00000
0.70031
VarComp Operator = (MS Operator MS Repeatability) an = (0.000488 - 0.077188) / 15 = -0.005113
Variance is always positive by definition. MTB

defaults to zero.
VarComp Operator = 0

8/21/06
MTB mike
37
GR&R v3
%Contribution
Source
VarComp (of VarComp)
Total Gage R&R 0.003216

Repeatability
0.003216
Reproducibility 0.000000
Operator
0.000000
Part-To-Part
0.014811
Total Variation
0.018027
Source
17.84
17.84
0.00
0.00
82.16
100.00
StdDev Study Var %Study Var %Tolerance

(SD)
(5.15*SD)
(%SV)
(SV/Toler)
Total Gage R&R 0.056711

Repeatability
0.056711
Reproducibility 0.000000
Operator
0.000000
Part-To-Part
0.121700
Total Variation
0.134265
0.292063
0.292063
0.000000
0.000000
0.626755
0.691464
42.24
42.24
0.00
0.00
90.64
100.00
36.51
36.51
0.00
0.00
78.34
86.43

8/21/06
MTB mike
38

Guage R&R Explanation)

Hochgeladen von

Dokumentinformationen

Originaltitel

Copyright

Verfügbare Formate

Dieses Dokument teilen

Dokument teilen oder einbetten

Freigabeoptionen

Stufen Sie dieses Dokument als nützlich ein?

Sind diese Inhalte unangemessen?

Copyright:

Verfügbare Formate

Guage R&R Explanation)

Hochgeladen von

Copyright:

Verfügbare Formate

GR&R v3

Using 6 instead of 5.15 will increase a 10% GR&R to 11.7%; a 20% to

In a perfect world all the variation would be contributed to the differences in

When studying an acceptable gage the X-Bar R chart should be in control on

Unpublished work TRW Automotive 2006

Gage R&R (ANOVA) for Measurement

Xbar Chart by Operator

Operator*Unit Number Interaction

Unpublished work TRW Automotive 2006

Total Gage R&R

Total Gage R&R

Number of Distinct Categories = 12

Unpublished work TRW Automotive 2006

Total Gage R&R

Unpublished work TRW Automotive 2006

Lets see if we can determine how

VarComp for Repeatability = MS Repeatability

To complete these calculations we need the ANOVA table.

Two-Way ANOVA Table Without Interaction

Unpublished work TRW Automotive 2006

To complete these calculations we need the ANOVA table.

4.40522 2400.86 0.00000

VarComp Repeatability = MS Repeatability = 0.00183

Unpublished work TRW Automotive 2006

Total Gage R&R

VarComp Repeatability = MS Repeatability = 0.00183

Total Gage R&R

Total Gage R&R

Number of Distinct Categories = 12

Unpublished work TRW Automotive 2006

Total Gage R&R

Total Gage R&R

Number of Distinct Categories = 12

Unpublished work TRW Automotive 2006

(0.00705 / 0.55747) * 100 = 1.26%

Standard deviation is the

SqRoot(0.00705) = 0.083950 Std Dev of MS

Total Gage R&R

Total Gage R&R

0.08395 is the standard deviation of the MS.

Number of Distinct Categories = 12

( 0.43234 / 4 ) * 100 = 10.81% = %PT

0.746640 is the standard deviation of the Total Variation.

( 0.43234 / 3.84519 ) * 100 = 11.24% = %GR&R

Unpublished work TRW Automotive 2006

Showing relative size, not necessarily position.

Demonstrating relativ e spread of v ariation not relativ e position.

Unpublished work TRW Automotive 2006

Unpublished work TRW Automotive 2006

This is not quite the 12 categories calculated by Minitab. But it gives

0.741905 / 0.08395 * 1.41 12.46

Rounding off to the nearest integer gives us 12 categories.

Unpublished work TRW Automotive 2006

T otal Study Variation

Unpublished work TRW Automotive 2006

Total Variation = Part-To-Part Variation + Total Gage R&R

r = Part-To-Part / Total Variation

Wheeler defines the discrimination ratio as:

To save key strokes let;

Total Variation = Part-To-Part + Total Gage R&R

Unpublished work TRW Automotive 2006

Minitab drops the 1 for a

Total Gage R&R