Work, Energy and Power

Group 2:
Asad Ramzan Captain
Faizan Sajid Malik
Abdullah Khan Swati
Usman Kaimkhani

Introduction
OBJECTIVES:
Work(multiple situations)
Energy(Mechanical i.e. Kinetic and Gravitational
Potential)
Power(and its relation with speed)
Efficiency

Work
If an object covers displacement due to applied force,
we say work is done. It is form of energy. It is a scalar.
S.I. unit is Joule(J). Mathematically, Work= component of
force along distance X distance.
W=F x s
Where W is work, F is force and s is distance.
Fx is horizontal component of force and Fy is vertical
component.

Case A for work done

Force and distance are parallel to each other. The
angle is zero.

W= Fs cos(0) (cos 0 is 1)
W= Fs

Case B for work done

Force and distance are perpendicular. Angle is 90.

(cos 90 is 0)
W= Fs cos 90
W= Fs (0)
W= 0

Case C for work done

Force and distance are opposite to each other. Angle
is 180.

(cos 180 is -1)

W= Fs (cos -1)
W= Fs (-1)
W= -Fs

Force-Distance Graphs
These graphs can be used to calculate work by graph.
Here work can be taken as area under the graph.
For constant force

For variable force

Work done along a closed path

It is 0 since W= Fs
W= F(0)
W= 0
Force and displacement
Are vectors.

Work done in lifting an object

Here stored (gravitational) potential energy is the work
done.
W= Fs
W= (mg)(h)
W= mgh

Work done for gases

For compression, W= P(v1-v2) due to decrease in
volume.
For expansion, W= P(v2-v1) due to increase in
volume.

Energy
Ability/capacity to do work. Its a scalar. S.I. unit is Joule(J).
(Only mechanical energy will be studied here.)
Mechanical energy is divided into two forms:
Kinetic energy: Energy due to motion. Represented by Ek
or K.E.
Formula is Ek= x mv2 (m is mass and v is velocity)
Gravitational Potential energy: Energy due to position
above ground/earth. It is a form of stored energy. Formula
is Ep= mgh(m is mass, g is acceleration due to gravity and
h is the height).

Principle of conservation of energy

One form of energy is converted/transferred to another
form but neither created nor destroyed.
Mathematically:
E(total)= K.E+P.E= constant
Loss in P.E= Gain in K.E (for falling bodies/downward
motion)
Gain in P.E= Loss in K.E (for upward motion)

Work-Energy principle
W= mg(h2-h1) means change in P.E
W= m(v2-u2) means change in K.E

POWER
Power is the rate at which work is being done.
Power= Work done
Time taken
S.I unit of Power is Watts
S.I unit of Work is Joules
S.I unit of Time is Seconds

Relation of power with speed

There is a solid relation of power with speed:As from the formula P=Work
Time

Efficiency
Efficiency is defined as the ratio of work done by a
machine to the energy supplied to it, often expressed
as a percentage value.
Efficiency=Useful energy transferred
Energy supplied
Energy efficiency of machines are often represented
by a Sankey diagram.