common

HANDICRAFT tools

Woodworking tools and

materials are classified
into:
1.Measuring tools
2.Lining tools
3.Cutting Tools
4.Boring tools
5.Holding tools
6.Driving tools
7.Miscellaneous tools

Measuring Tools

1.Zigzag Rule
.
.

Made of either wood

or light metal
Used for measuring
long pieces. 2ft (60
cm) to 8ft (244 cm)
feet long.

2. Foot Rule
.
.

Made of either wood,

plastic, or steel
Commonly used for
measuring and laying
out.

3. Push-Pull Rule
Flexible steel tape rule
and has a sliding knot
that holds the tape
while laying out a
measurement using a
hook on its end.
a handy tool used for
either inside or outside
measuring.

4. Try square
Used for measuring
and testing the
squareness of corners.
It has a two parts: wooden handle Blade (made of metal)
fastened together at

5. Miter and Try

Square Combination
Similar to try square
except that the handle
attached to one end of
the blade is chambered
at 45 degrees
6. Sliding T-Bevel
Is like a try square,
except that it has an
adjustable blade
attached to the handle.
It is used in testing and
laying out any angle.

7. Steel Square
Looks like a try square
except that the body
and tongue are made of
steel.
Longer part is called blade
or body
Shorter portion is called
the tongue.
It is used to test the
squareness of a frame and
the flatness of large
surfaces.

Lining Tools
1. Carpenters Pencil
Its lead and body are flat and
bigger than the ordinary pencil.
2. Marking Gauge
Consists of a wooden bar called
beam(ray) about 8 inches long
wherein a wooden block or head
slides.
Near the end of the bar, a spur
(drive) with fine point is nailed.
It is used for marking lines parallel
to the edge(border) of the board.

3. Chalkline
A boxlike instrument with a
hollow pat wherein a spool
for string and a small piece
of rug are inserted.
4. Awl
a pointed tools used for
marking the location of nail
and screw. It is also used
for scratching lines
especially on metal sheets
or plates.
The tool looks like an ice
pick

Cutting tools
You should have enough blades for the hacksaw and rip saw because they can break if you
aren't sure how to properly use them.
cutting tools are grouped into two:

1. Edge-cutting Tools are

tools wherein the sharp
edge or the cutting side of
the blade is used for cutting.
a. axe used for cutting
down trees and splitting logs.
( single-backed or two-bitted
axe).
b. knife is a tool used to cut
or whittle pieces of wood, like
a pocketknife.
c. Bolo is a long heavy knife
used for cutting pieces of
wood.

d. Chisel
a very important tool in the
construction of most joints
made by hand.
It measure according to their
width in inches. It may be
divided into two general
classes:
Tang Firmer Chisel tang
inserted into the handle.
Socket Firmer Chisel is a tool
with a handle that is inserted
into the part of the chisel
known as the socket.

e. Hatchet
Smaller than an axe and has a
short handle.
Used for chopping pieces of
wood.
Some hatches have a slot on
the blade used for drawing out
nail and a head for driving nail.
f. Drawknife
a long bladed tool with handles
on both ends.
Used for straight and curved
rough cutting.
The user grips the handles and
draws the knife towards him.

g. Gauge
Is like a chisel whose
blade is bent of
hallowed lengthwise.
Used for grooving and
shaping edges.
It comes in two forms:
Inside-bevel gauge
the bevel is on the
concave side.
Outside-bevel gauge
the bevel is on the
convex side.

h. Spokeshave
A tool suitable for
smoothing curves
and shaping edges
of the board.
The cutting blade is
sharpened like a
plane iron.

i. Scraper
. Used for the
final smoothing
before sand
papering.
- Cabinet scraper
Used to smoothen
surfaces and
cross grained
wood. The handle
is like that of the
spokeshave with
the scraper
inserted.
- Hand Scraper

j. Plane
- Is a very useful woodworking tools.
- After measuring and sawing the
rough piece of lumber , planing
follows.

Common type of planes

1. Jack plane generalpurpose plane.
- used for smoothing
and jointing.
- It is about 14 in long
and 2 in wide. It
consist of an iron body
to which the iron parts
are attached.

2. Wooden Plane the

oldest type of plane
- Consists of a cutting
iron blade wedged or
squared in a block of
hard wood.
3. Block plane a
small plane, 4 in to 6
in long. The parts differ
from the iron plane. It
is ideal for planing the
end grain and for easy
handling of small jobs.

4. Smoothing Plane
similar to the jackplane
although shorter. The
bottom measures 5.5 in
to 8 in long.
- used for planing
smaller pieces.
5. Jointer plane looks
like a jackplane
- the bottom is longer,
22 in to 30 in long.
- used in planing the
edges of long boards
and in leveling longer
and wider surfaces.

2. Tooth-Cutting Tools are tools where in the

teeth are used for cutting, shaping,
smoothing, reducing or sharpening. Saws and
files are tooth-cutting tools.
a. Saw the length of the blade in inches tells
the size of the saw. Some popular sizes are
24 and 26in length.
-

The number of points per inch determines the

coarseness or fineness.
Coarse saw is better for doing fast work and/or
cutting undried green lumber.
Fine saw is better for smooth and accurate cutting
of dry seasoned wood.

Some of the common saws

are:
1. Ripsaw used for
ripping or cutting along
the grain of the wood.
The teeth are larger and
cut like chisels.
2. Crosscut Saw - used to
cut across the grain or
fiber of the wood.
- They cut like two rows of
knifepoints and ride out
the sawdust between
the cuts.

3. Keyhole Saw a
compass saw with a
smaller and finer blade.
- Used to cut curved or
straight-sided holes.
4. Backsaw a crosscut
saw with a thin blade and
fine teeth.
- A heavy piece of steel is
fitted on the back, hence,
the name backsaw.
- Such steel is fitted to
prevent the blade from
buckling or bending. The
common length of
backsaw is 12 with 14
points per inch.
- Used for fine, accurate
works.

5. Compass saw has

teeth that are shaped
like a rip saw, only that
the blade is so narrow
that it can cut on
curved lines.
- Particularly used to cut
a curved section within
a board or panel.
6. Coping saw a very
small turning saw held
in a metal frame.
- Used to cut irregular
shapes and curved
patterns in thin wood,
plywood, or lawanit.

7. Two-Man saw
has two handles on
either side.
- the teeth are bigger
than that of an
ordinary saw and the
blade is wider.
- used in cutting
logs into lumber and
plank or board.

b. Files
- made of hardened
steel.
- they have teeth or
serration cut diagonally
across the surface at
various degrees of
fineness and pattern.
- the length of the blade
of the file is from the toe
to the heel. It varies from
4 in to 18 in.

Files are named after their shapes, such

as: rectangular rectangular file for
filling in corners
square for narrow gaps and square
holes
triangular for square holes and
grooves and for sharpening the teeth of
the saw
round or half-round for concave
edges.
The shape of a file tells where and how it
will be used.
Files are also classified according to the
grade or fineness of a cut. In filing
always work from rough to smooth.
After using the file, clean it by rubbing a
wire brush along the rows of teeth. This
wire brush is called file card or file brush.

Boring Tools
- boring is the process of making a
hole on a piece of wood. Drilling is
the term used in metal work.
Woodworkers use bits, bradawl, and
chisels for boring holes.
- Holes are bored in wood to fit screws,
dowels, internal sawing design, and
for other purposes.

The most common bits are:

1. Auger bit a
screw-shaped
tool consisting of
the twist, shank,
and tang.
2. Twist bit used
to make holes for
screws, nails or
bolts. They are
sized by the 32nd
of an inch.

3. Drill bit designed and tempered

for drilling holes in metals.

e. Holding Tools
1. Vise is a very
useful tool in
woodworking. The
recommended vises
are fixed vise, which
is permanently
attached to the side of
the bench, and the
portable vise, which
can be attached in a
place where it is most
needed.
Kinds of Vises
a. Rapid-acting vise
can be opened and
closed by means of a
pressing lever
attached near the
main screw.

b. Screw Vise an
ordinary vise.
- It is tightened or
loosened by turning
the screw. It is also
attached to the bench
permanently by
means of bolts.
c. Mechanist Vise
the all-purpose vise.
It is adjusted by
means of a screw.

d. Wooden Vise made

up of two pieces of
hardwood put together
by means of a lock that
serves as a screw. At
the bottom, a wedge is
attached to the moving
jaw that is inserted to
the fixed saw.
2. Miter Box is good
for mitering picture
frames. It is used in
cutting pieces of wood
at right angles.

3. Clamps tools used in

furniture and
cabinetmaking. They hold
the work together while
gluing and fastening
pieces of wood.
Most commonly used
are:
a. Hand screw Clamp
used to hold finishing
work. It consists of two
jaws made of hardwood
and two steel spindle
screws.

b. Bar Clamp used to hold long and

big pieces of wood or plank to be
glued. The sizes range from m to
2.5 m.

c. C-clamp- consists of a C-shaped iron

frame and a steel screw with a swivel
trip.