PE/TRD/GR/0109 12.

02/EN

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Section 2

Introduction

February, 2000
Introduction
2-1

Objectives

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Main characteristics of the Radio Interface

Upon completion of this lesson, you will be able to:

- Cite the type of information carried on the Radio Interface

- Define a physical channel
- List and briefly describe the impairments on the radio
interface

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February, 2000

Introduction

2-2

"Confidential information -- may not be copied or disclosed without permission".

The Needs

TRAFFIC
SIGNALING

NETWORK

AIR

Um
Radio Interface
Air
PE/TRD/GR/0109 12.02/EN

February, 2000

Introduction

2-3

Signaling Needs

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Dedicated
DedicatedSignaling
Signaling

SYS INFO

Broadcast
BroadcastSignaling
Signaling

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February, 2000

Introduction

2-4

Time and Frequency Multiplexing

Frequency multiplexing
890 MHz

UPLINK

915 MHz 935 MHz

DOWNLINK

960 MHz

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Frequency

Time multiplexing

TDMA frame
TS TS TS TS TS TS TS TS
0
1
2
3 4
5 6
7

Time-Slot

frames repeated
continuously
4.615 ms

Time

A physical channel = the recurrence of one TS on a given TDMA frame

PE/TRD/GR/0109 12.02/EN

February, 2000

Introduction

2-5

"Confidential information -- may not be copied or disclosed without permission".

Propagation Delays

M2

BTS Frame reference

d1>>d2

d2

TS0

TS1

TS2

Propagation Delay p

TS3

TS4

M1

TS5

TS6

TS7

Bits Overlapping

MSs transmit

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February, 2000

Introduction

2-6

Signal Degradation (1/4)

Loss of Signal Strength
EXAMPLE:
900 MHz band
free space
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Path Loss
- 91.5 dB

Path Loss
- 97.5 dB

Path Loss
- 111.5 dB

1 km
2 km
10 km

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February, 2000

Introduction

2-7

Signal Degradation (2/4)

Fading

Signal level (dB)

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Slow fading
Path loss

Fast fading
Log (distance)

frequency

Time or
distance
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February, 2000

obstructions
Introduction

2-8

Signal Degradation (3/4)

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Multipath Propagation

BTS
Multipath
propagation

Mobile

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February, 2000

Introduction

2-9

Signal Degradation (4/4)

Doppler Shift

Sp
ee
d

Time
e
sp
ed

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Transmitted signal

Received signal

Time

Time

Negative shift
PE/TRD/GR/0109 12.02/EN

February, 2000

Positive shift
Introduction

2-10

Check Your Learning

"Confidential information -- may not be copied or disclosed without permission".

1- What are the Radio Interface needs?

2- Which kinds of multiplexing techniques are used in GSM?

3- What is the Time Slot duration?

4- What is a physical channel?

5- What are the impairments encountered by the signal?

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February, 2000

Introduction

2-11

PE/TRD/GR/0109 12.02/EN
February, 2000
Introduction
2-12

"Confidential information -- may not be copied or disclosed without permission".