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ELECTRO-MAGNETIC BRAKING

SYSTEM
By
P.Sathish kumar

LIST OF CONTENTS
Abstract
Introduction
Requirements of brake system
Need for an alternative
Principle of operation
Theory
Conclusion

INTRODUCTION
Electromagnetic brakes have been used as
supplementary retardation equipment in addition to
the regular friction brakes on heavy vehicles. We
outline the general principles of regular brakes and
several alternative retardation techniques in this
section. The working principle and characteristics of
electromagnetic brakes are then highlighted.

REQUIREMENTS OF BRAKE
SYSTEM
1)It should have good anti-fade characteristics
2)it should be consistent with safety.
3)it should not be skidding while applying brake
4) It should be strong enough to stop the vehicle
with in a minimum distance.
5)It should have less weight.
6)it should be reliable
7)it should be easy to adjust having proper
maintenance.
8)It should produce less noise and vibration while
applying brake

NEED FOR ALTERNATIVE


All conventional systems of braking in road vehicles uses development

of contact friction for retardation


These systems are probe to the wear and tear on usage
Conventional braking systems produces continuous power dissipation as

heat and may fail if the temperature rises too high


Friction based braking methods are also not efficient under wet

conditions
Brakes add additional weight to the automobile serving no other

purpose and significantly reducing traction under certain circumstances


Brakes usually creates small noise on application and may also create

loud screeches on hard usage

CHBS

EMBS
Advantages:
1. Faster response time

Advantages:

1. High braking torque generation


2. Available controllers

2. Easy implementation of control systems


3. Reduced number of components and wiring

3. Accepted technology with significant


background

4. Less maintenance due to elimination of


pads

Disadvantages:
1.Slow response due to pressure build-up

5. Elimination of hazardous brake fluid


6. Simple software-based brake parameter

2. Control requires additional electrical


Components

adjustment depending on the driving


conditions

3. Significant weight of the overall system


4. Brake pad wear

Disadvantages:
1. Complexity of the system

5. Risk of environmentally hazardous fluid


6. leakage

2. Additional load on the battery


3. Considerably new technology

PRINCIPLE OF OPERATION
The working principle of the electric
retarder is based on the creation of
eddy currents within a metal disc
rotating between two
electromagnets, which sets up a
force opposing the rotation of the
disc.
If the electromagnet is not
energized, the rotation of the disc is
free and accelerates uniformly
under the action of the weight to
which its shaft is connected.
When the electromagnet is
energized, the rotation of the disc is
retarded and the energy absorbed
appears as heating of the disc. If the
current exciting the electromagnet
is varied by a rheostat, the braking
torque varies in direct proportion to
the value of the current.

THEORY
Eddy current brakes develop torque by the direct magnetic

linking of the rotor to the stator.


This linking generates eddy currents in the driven rotor.
Eddy current brakes must have a slip between the rotor and

the stator to generate torque.


An eddy current brake having an electromagnetic pole and

the rotor is positioned in close proximity to the stator with an


air gap between them

The stator comprises steel pole pieces with hollow cores that
establish a magnetic circuit for a magnetic flux field.

The pole pieces have machine-wound electrical windings.


The windings are fastened with pole caps.
The hollow core reduces the weight and material of the stator

without significantly adversely affecting the braking capacity.


The pole caps reduce the magnetic saturation and increases

the overall brake torque output.

USE OF EDDY CURRENT:


It is a swirling current set up in a conductor in response to

a changing magnetic field.


By Lenz's law, the current swirls in such a way as to

create a magnetic field opposing the change the cause


produced.

CONCLUSION
The ordinary brakes which are being used now days, stop the

vehicle by means of mechanical blocking. This causes


skidding and wear and tear of the vehicle. If the speed of the
vehicle is very high, it cannot provide that much high braking
force and it will cause problems.
These drawbacks of ordinary brakes can be overcome by a
simple and effective mechanism of braking system 'The eddy
current brake'.
It is an abrasion-free method for braking of vehicles including
trains. It makes use of the opposing tendency of eddy current

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