Submitted By

Smriti
Saraswat
Sonal Agarwal
Shubham

Period :-

th Century and 19 th century

Late 18th

Modern architecture is a term

given to a number of building
styles with similar characteristics
developed to suit the masses
Includes mass housing ,
shopping centres , factories ,
office buildings , etc

th Century and 19 th century

Period :- Late 18th
The technological scope and social context of
architecture were brofoundlly attered by
industrial revolution that traditional concept
about the purpose & appearance of building lost
their validity.

In 1840 , leading artists , designers developed

new approaches to architecture.
Group of architects , mines Van der Rohe , Le
Corbusier , Frank Lloyd Wright . Made a Revolt
against old traditional concepts and adopted
new revolutionary style modern architecture.
It is design by technological and engineering
developments during industrial revolution.
Availabity of new materials such as iron ,
steel , concrete , and glass.

Period :-

th Century and 19 th century

Late 18th

New sence of space was allied to the search for a new

kind of architcture to meet the needs of life in 20 th
century.
Easy availability of materials such as steel , Iron
concrete & glass.
New aesthetic principles.

Period :-

th Century and 19 th century

Late 18th

Rejection of historial styles.

Materials and requirements
( functional )determine the result.
Rejection of ornamentation.
Use of geometric forms.
Simplification of form.
Adoptation of exposed structure.

salk institute

Modernism:-

established in 1920.

Modernism was started by :Le Corbusier in

France

Ludwig Mies Van Der

Rohe in Germany

Walter
Gropius in
Germany.

Modernism:-

established in 1920.

Modernism:-

established in 1920.

Brutalism:-

Brutalism is an architectural styleflourished

from 1950s to 1970s
The early style was inspired by swiss
architect,le corbusier and of ludwig mies van
der rohe.
Brutalist buildings are usually formed with:Geometric and repetative shape
Revealing textures of wooden forms
Normally rough,unadorned poured concrete
This style was celebration of concrete
For example ,boston city hall

Modernism:-

established in 1920.

Critics :
The abstract nature of brutalism makes the
style:
Unfriendly and uncommunicative
For example-the location of the entrance of
the brutalist structure is rarely obvious to the
visitor.

steel
Most suitable structural material for
framing of hugecellular buildings.
Produced uninterrupted spans over
openings.
Steel members can be rolled in shapes
such as,plates,angles,I beams,etc.
This resulted into rigid continuous
structures thus producing the
fundamental change in architectural
design.

Reinforced cement concrete

Massive stone walls were replaced by
R.C.C curtain walls.
Produce large interior spaces
Roofs took wide range of shapes- flat to
barrel vault,to shell roof. Hemispherical
domes to hyperbolic and parabolic domes.

Prestressed concrete
This was a new material which helped
beyond imagination.
Used in the construction of bridges and
hangers of air ships etc.

Glass
Transparent to ultra voilet rays but
opaque to infra red rays(heat).
Extensively used instead of
shades,blinds and curtains.
Sheets of one way glass was largely
employed in windows.

Lamination and plywood and plastics

Lamination consists of glued layers of
wood.
Helps to form beams and arches to
cover a large span.
Plywood enable to cover surfaces
without extensive frame work.
Plastics were available in different
Colours.
Available in forms of sheets,rods,rolls
and pipes.

Le corbusier gave the five points :Lift the building on the coloumn off the ground.
Replace the ground covered by buildings
footprint with the roof terrace.
Let long windows stretch across the
facade , and from side to side of rooms.
Let the plan be free flowing.
Let the faade be free composition ,able
to respond to light, views or compositional
effect.

Eiffel tower
Named after its designer, engineer
Gustave Eiffel, the tower was built
as the entrance arch to the
1889 World's Fair.
The tower stands 324 metres
(1,063 ft) tall, about the same
height as an 81-storey building.
Three hundred workers joined
together 18,038 pieces of
puddled iron (a very pure form of
structural iron), using two and a half
million rivets, in a structural design
by Maurice Koechlin

Eiffel tower
The pig iron structure of the Eiffel Tower
weighs 7,300 tonnes while the entire
structure, including non-metal components,
is approximately 10,000 tonnes.
Careful examination of the tower shows a
basically exponential shape.
the lower section overdesigned to ensure
resistance to wind forces.
In order to maintain a uniform appearance
to an observer on the ground, three separate
colours of paint are used on the tower, with
the darkest on the bottom and the lightest at
the top.

Eiffel tower
The only non-structural elements are
the four decorative grillwork arches.
which served to reassure visitors that
the structure was safe, and to frame
views of other nearby architecture.

Villa savoye
Villa savoye was designed by Le
corbusier in 1928-1929.
An early and classic exemple of the
"International Style", which hovers
above a grass plane on thin concrete.
with strip windows, and a flat roof
with a deck area, ramp, and a few
contained touches of curvaceous
walls.

Villa savoye
The plan was set out using the
principle ratios of the Golden section:
In this case a square divided into
sixteen equal parts, extended on two
sides to incorporate the projecting
faades and then further divided to give
the position of the ramp and the
entrance.

Villa savoye

Ground floor plan

First floor plan

Villa savoye

Elevation

Section

Crystal palace
It was built to house the
great industrial exhibition of

1851.

The Crystal Palace was a

cast-iron and glass building
originally erected in Hyde Park
Designed by Joseph Paxton,
the Great Exhibition building
was 1,851 feet (564 m) long,
with an interior height of 128
feet (39 m).

Crystal palace

Crystal palace

Section

Crystal palace

Details

Falling water
located in bear run,pennsylvania

Designed by frank lloyd wright in

1937.
For the kaufmann family.
An example of wrights belief that
a
buildings form should be
determined
by its environment.

Falling water

Wright's passion for Japanese

architecture was strongly reflected in
the design of Fallingwater, particularly in
the importance of interpenetrating
exterior and interior spaces .
The projecting cantilevered roof eaves,
continuous bands of art-glass windows,
and the use of Roman brick emphasize
the horizontal, which had rich
associations for Wright.

Falling water
For the cantilevered

floors, Wright and his team

used upside down T-shaped
beams integrated into a
monolithic concrete slab
which both formed the
ceiling of the space below
and provided resistance
against compression.

Falling water

Site plan

Falling water

plan

Falling water

Elevation

Falling water

Section

Books :

History of architecture , Kenneth Frampton

Oral history of architecture , by Peter
Architecture today , by James steele.
Internet :Encarat
www.greatbuildings.com
www.amazon.com
www.yahoosearch.com
www.encyclopedia.com