TEAM- WIND

ENERGY

ANIKA.R.PAUL
DHRUV.P.
NEIL BESKI
THARINI.P.

CODE/ARC 313
PASSIVE
ENVIRONMENT
FACULTY INCHARGE:
PRIYALUCY

WIND ENERGY

contents

What is wind energy?

Advantages/Disadvantages
Wind Turbines
Ways to generate electricity
A typical wind turbine
How it works?
Sizes and Applications
Past, present and future
Innovative ways to use it

What is wind energy?

A form ofsolar energy.
Winds are caused by:
o the uneven heating of the atmosphere by the
sun
o the irregularities of the earth's surface
o rotation of the earth.

o
o
o

Wind flow patterns are modified by:

earth's terrain
bodies of water
vegetative cover

Process by which wind is used

generatemechanical power or electricity
Specific tasks: such as grinding grain or
pumping water or a generator can convert this
http://www.weatherquestions.com/wind.jpg
mechanical power into electricity to power
homes,
businesses,
schools,
and the
like.
This wind
flow, or motion
energy,
when
"harvested" by modern wind turbines
electricity

ADVANTAGES

* free, renewable resource

* clean, non-polluting, electricity.
* cost of wind power has
decreased dramatically in the
past 10 years
* relatively little impact on the
environment
* wind-generated electricity can
be stored, if batteries are used
* can be located on land that is
also used for grazing or even
farming

DISADVANTA
GES

* higher initial investment

* birds and bats having been
killed (avian/bat mortality) by
flying into the rotors.
* concern over thenoise
produced by the rotor blades
* aesthetic (visual) impacts
* Wind is Intermittent and does
not always blow when electricity
is needed.
* remote locationsfar from areas
of electric power demand
* wind resource development
may compete with other uses for
the land

Wind turbines
turn in the moving air and power an electric generatorthat
supplies an electric current
opposite of a fan
BRIEF WORKING: The wind turns the blades, which spin a shaft,
Horizontal axis
which connects to a generator and makes electricity
traditional farm windmills used for pumping water

HAWT

VAWT
https://share.sandia.gov/news/resources/news_releases/images/2012/vawt01.jpg

Most modern large-scale wind turbines have three blades rotating

around the horizontal axis (the axis of the drive shaft)
rotor placement (upwind or downwind)
the number of blades
the output regulation system for the generator
the hub connection to the rotor (rigid or hinged; the so-called:
teetering hub)
gearbox design (multi-stage gearbox with high speed generator;
single stage gearbox with medium speed generator or direct drive
with synchronous generator)
the rotational speed of the rotor to maintain a constant frequency
(fixed or controlled by power electronics)
wind turbine capacity

Vertical axis
theoretically less aerodynamically efficient
do not have a significant market share

A TYPICAL WIND TURBINE

The Tower
o supports the rotor and drive train
mostly cylindrical, made of steel, painted light grey, and from
25 -75 m in height.
o Rotor Blades
o converts the energy in the wind to rotational shaft energy
o 1-3 rotor blades
o Blade size: between 30-80 m in diameter
o The longer the blades, the greater the energy output
o Rotation: 10-30 revolutions/minute at constant speed
The Yaw Mechanism
turns the turbine to face the wind.
Wind Speed & Direction Monitor
o Sensors are used to monitor wind direction and the tower
head is turned to line up with the wind
Drive train: consists of a gearbox and a generator
The Gear Box
Most wind turbines have gearboxes, although there are
increasing numbers with direct drives.
Other equipments: includes controls, electrical cables,
ground support equipment, and interconnection equipment.

http://www.i4c.co.in/idea_upload/idea_diagrams/
diagrams/2108/Working%20principle%20of
%20WIND-FAN.jpg

HOW IT WORKS?
Operate at a speed of 3-5 m/s and
reach maximum power at about 25 m/s
kinetic energy in the wind
electrical energy
1. The wind turns the blades.
2. The blades turns a shaft inside the
nacelle (the box at the top of the
turbine).
3. The shaft goes into a gearbox which
increases the rotation speed.
4. The generator converts the rotational
energy into electrical energy.
5. The transformer converts the
electricity from around 700 Volts (V) to
the right voltage for distribution,
typically 33,000V.
6. The National Grid transmits the power
around the country.

https://need-media.smugmug.com/Graphics/Graphics/i-VvpvKJt/1/L/Transporting%20Wind
%20Electricity-L.jpg

Power generation of wind turbines:

capacity of the turbine (in kW or MW)
wind speed
height of the turbine
diameter of the rotors

Wind farm near Palm Springs, CA

53 meter meteorological tower

(foreground) and wind farm.

TURBINE CONFIGURATIONS
Wind turbines are often grouped together into a single
wind power plant, also known as WIND FARM
Electricity from these turbines is fed into a utility grid
and distributed to customers, just as with conventional

Wind turbines in desert landscape in

Western U.S.A

http://windeis.anl.gov/guide/photos/index.cfm

Sizes and applications

Small (10 kW)

Homes
Farms
Remote
Applications

(e.g. water
pumping, telecom
sites, icemaking)

Intermediate
(10-250 kW)
Village Power
Hybrid
Systems
Distributed
Power

Large (250 kW 2+MW)

Central Station Wind
Farms
Distributed Power

APPLICATIONS
Powering
industries

Tree shaped wind turbines

coming up in Paris
The Eiffel tower
installs two wind
turbines

Off shore wind

farms

Possible dual rotor

technology for wind
turbines

Wind energy
instruments

Meet the man kind

energy kites
The lateral axis
wind turbines
FLYING WIND
FARMS: Power
harvesters
Empire states building
brighter and greener

Studying sea waves

with radar using wind
energy

APPLICATION BASED ON USE

Residential and business
Industrial and commercial
Community based wind power
www.Alternative-energy-news.info

Small wind turbines are different

Large Turbines (600-1800

kW)
Installed in Windfarms, 10 100 MW
Provide Low Cost Power to
the Grid
Require 6 m/s (13 mph)
Average Wind Speeds

Small Turbines (0.3-50 kW)

Installed Off-Grid or at On Grid

Utility-scale
Facilities wind turbine:
o three
blades
Designed for Reliability / Low
o sweeps a diameter of about 80 to
Maintenance
100 metres,
Require
4 m/s
mph)
o capacity
from 0.5
MW (9
to 3
MW
Average

1,500 kW
Wind
Turbine

10 kW
Wind
Turbine

PAST,PRESENT & FUTURE

Wind power has been used for irrigation pumping and milling grain for centuries.
20th century: small windmills started to be used for electricity production, especially in
remote rural areas.
The modern wind power industry took off in the late 1970's when companies, mainly in
Denmark, started serial production of wind turbines.
These early wind turbines were small by today's standards, but there size and power output
increased rapidly

Size evolution of wind

turbines over time

https://www.irena.org/documentdownloads/publications/re_technologies_cost_analysis-wind_power.pdf

Since 2011 Asia ,

Europe and North
America are
dominating new wind
power capacity
China stands first due
to rapid growth rate
FUTURE
PROJECTIONS OF
GROWTH RATE
United kingdom
Germany
France
Sweden
China(plans to extend
by 2020)
KEY MARKET FOR
DEVELOPMENT
Europe
North America

Source:www.irena.org

Source:www.irena.org

TOP 10 COUNTRIES BY NEW

WIND POWER CAPACITY
ADDITION

 INDUSTRIES UTILIZING
MAXIMUM WIND
ENERGY

Since 2000, around one third of all installed electricity generating capacity in the EU has
been wind power.
The share of wind power in total electricity production in Europe was 3.7% in 2007
The wind power industry has the ambition to continue the fast growth of recent years.
The sector's objective is to provide 20% of final EU electricity consumption by 2020.
achieved if wind turbines can move offshore in order to profit from the more
favorable wind conditions on the sea.

Bahrain - World Trade Centre

The Bahrain World Trade Center (BWTC)
is a 240m (787ft) high twin commercial
office tower complex located in Manama,
Bahrain.

The concept design was inspired by the

traditional Arabian Wind Towers.
What truly sets the BWTC apart,
however, is its status as the first
commercial building to fully integrate
three large-scale wind turbines into its
design.
Collectively, the turbines are capable of
generating a significant percentage of
the buildings total electricity demand
each year.
11 to 15% of the office towers electricity
needs equivalent to lighting 200 to 250

Future Wind Energy Generation Concepts

Dual Rotor Wind Turbines

Iowa StateAerospace Engineers: Anupam
Sharma and Hui Hu are exploring the
possibility of adding a smaller, secondary
rotor towind turbines.
we found that with two rotors on the same
tower, you get more energy. Lab tests and
computer simulations found the extra
blades and increase the energy harvest by
up to 18 percent.

Makani Energy Kite

The Energy Kite is a new type ofwind turbine,

designed to generate more energy using 90%
less materials.
Makanis
energy
kite
uses
the
same
aerodynamic principles as a conventional wind
turbine, but replaces tons of steel with
lightweight electronics, advanced materials, and
smart software.

Tree Shaped Wind Turb

A French company calledNew Windis
installing tree-shaped wind turbines.
saw the leaves tremble when there
was not a breath of air.
The efficiency of the trees is low
compared to more consistent currents
higher up, but believes the 23,500
trees are more viable and less
intrusive than monstrous conventional
wind turbines.
The 26 foot high trees, which use tiny
blades inside the leaves,

REFERENCES

http://www.bahrainwtc.com/

http://www.alternative-energy-news.info/tree-shaped-wind-turbines-paris/

http://www.alternative-energy-news.info/dual-rotor-wind-turbines/

http://www.alternative-energy-news.info/makani-energy-kite/

http://windeis.anl.gov/guide/basics/

http://www.ewea.org/wind-energy-basics/how-a-wind-turbine-works/

http://www.ewea.org/

http://ec.europa.eu/research/energy/eu/index_en.cfm?pg=research-wind

http://sustainabilityworkshop.autodesk.com/buildings/wind-ventilation

https://www.google.ae/search?biw=1366&bih=643&tbm=isch&q=how+wind+energy+works&revid=15
18998558&sa=X&ved=0ahUKEwiTgbLeoPXKAhXC6xQKHYirBjoQ1QIIHQ#imgrc
=_

https://www.irena.org/documentdownloads/publications/re_technologies_cost_analysis-wind_power.pdf

IMAGE SOURCES

http://
cdn.mysitemyway.com/etc-mysitemyway/icons/legacy-previews/icons/green-grunge-clipart-icons-business/0819
40-green-grunge-clipart-icon-business-battery1.png
http://blog.seymourpowell.com/wp-content/uploads/2013/07/Screen-shot-2013-01-31-at-17.11.05.png
http://images.akamai.steamusercontent.com/ugc/436074927452457240/21268123B2D76C89181A1710F59
112BBD038AD18
/
http://save-birds.com/wp-content/uploads/2015/05/sdb-logo-smaller.png

http://www.neptunus-studios.nl/wp-content/uploads/Noice-icon.jpg

http://thumbs.dreamstime.com/x/money-stack-20912061.jpg

https://www.irena.org/documentdownloads/publications/re_technologies_cost_analysis-wind_power.pdf

http://windeis.anl.gov/guide/basics/

http://www.ewea.org/wind-energy-basics/how-a-wind-turbine-works/

http://www.ewea.org/