WEATHERI

NG

MADE BY- SAKSHI,APURAVA,DIVY

DEGRADATION
Degradation is the process by
which rock materials from the
earths surface are removed
resulting in the general
lowering of the land surface.
These materials are then
deposited elsewhere in

AGGRADATION
Aggradation is the process by
which depressions fill up and the
level of the surface rises .
Together ,these two processdegradation and aggradation- are
termed as gradation . Gradation
helps in levelling the land surface.

WHAT IS WEATHERING
Weathering is the process by which rocks
on the land surface breakdown or crumble
because of the action of the elements of
the weather such as rain, frost, and
temperature changes . This process
involves physical as well as chemical action
. Erosion follows the process of weathering.
Erosion is the process by which the
weathered materials are transported
elsewhere by agents such as running

FACTORS AFFECTING WEATHERIN

These are various factors influence the
breakdown of rocks into fragments. These are
local climate, mineral composition, amount of
exposed or bare rock surface, and human
activities.

TYPES OF WEATHERING
There are mainly three types of
weathering :
Physical weathering
Chemical weathering
Biological weathering

PHYSICAL WEATHERING
In this type of weathering, rocks break up without
any change in their chemical composition . These is
called physical weathering and it can be happen in
the many ways:
Granular disintegration
Exfoliation
Frost action

CHEMICAL WEATHERING
Chemical weathering involves changes in the chemical
composition of rocks, which result in their breaking up into
smaller fragments . Chemical weathering can take place in
many ways:
Oxidation
Carbonation
Hydration
Solution

BIOLOGICAL WEATHERING
Some rocks are also weathered by the action of plants, animals , and
human beings . This type of weathering may be both physical as well as
chemical.

Roots of plant growing in the cracks and joints widen the gaps. The
often rocks break up. Besides, the water enters the cracks and may
cause chemical weathering and frost action.

Mining, quarrying, deforestation, tunnelling, road construction, and

farming are example of human activities that result in or contribute
to the weathering of rocks.

SOIL
Physical, chemical, and
biological processes are
involved in soil formation . It is
one of the most important
resources as human beings
depend on it, both directly and
indirectly, for their basic needs
of food , shelter, and clothing. It
takes thousands of years for
even a thin layer of soil to form.

SOIL EROSION
Soil erosion refers to the washing away or the
removal of the layer of soil by the various agents
like running water and wind. Sheet erosion and
gully erosion are the two most common ways by
which soil gets eroded. When there is heavy
rainfall , the top layer of soil over large areas
gets washed away . This is known as sheet
erosion . When rainwater in a region flows down
the slopes making deep and narrow furrows, it is
called gully erosion.

SOIL CONSERVATION
The protection of soil against erosion and exhaustion is called soil
erosion . We can reduce the rate of erosion, if not prevent it
completely, by planting more trees, shrub, and grass on hill slopes
and uncultivated land. There are some ways to conserve soil:
Controlled grazing of cattle
Terracing of hill slopes
Construction of mud walls

THANK YOU