1

CCNA FASTRACK
(ICND)

Presented by:

Muhamad Taufiq, ST, CCNA, CCAI

Course Outline
Network Fundamentals
Basic Routers Configurations
Determining IP Routes
Managing IP Traffic with Access Lists
Configuring Catalyst Switch Operations
Extending Switched Networks with VLANs
Establishing WAN Connections

Cisco Certification

Cisco Certification Road Map

Level
Expert:
CCIE
Professional:
CCNP
Associate:
CCNA,
Establish earlier connection with
new professionals entering IT industry

Building Scalable
Internetworks
Implementing
Secured Converged
Wide-Area Networks
Building Multilayer
Switched Networks
Optimizing
Converged Networks

Cisco Certified Entry Network

Technician (CCENTTM)
5

Prerequisite Learner Skills

and
Knowledge
Network Components
Network
Cabling
LAN Topologies and
Technologies
WAN Topologies and
Technologies
Remote Access
Technologies

Cisco Networking
Technologies (INTRO)

OSI Reference
Model
TCP/IP Protocols and
Applications
IP Addressing
6

Course Flow

Cisco Icon and Symbols

Fundamentals of
Networks

Terminologi Jaringan
Internet
Local Area Network
Wide Area Network
Metropolitan Area Network
Virtual Private Network
Extranet & Intranet
Multiple & Converged Network

10

Internet

Internet Structure A Network of Networks

11

Local Area Network

12

LAN Category

13

Wide Area Network

14

Metropolitan Area Network

15

Virtual Private Network

16

Intranet & Extranet

17

Multiple Network

18

Converged Network

19

Network Topology

20

Network Technology

21

OSI Reference
Model

22

OSI Reference Model

23

Network Devices

24

Data Encapsulation

25

Sending and Receiving Process

26

Addressing in The Networks

27

TCP/IP Protocols

28

TCP/IP Models

Application
Layers

Data Flow
Layers

29

IP Address

30

Hierarchical Addressing

31

IP Address

32

Hierarchical IPv4 Address

33

IP Addressing Format

34

Routers Connect Local and Remote Networks

35

Windows Properties

36

IP Address Classes

37

IP Address Classes

38

Type of Addresses

39

Special IP Address
Default Route: 0.0.0.0
Loopback Address (Localhost): 127.0.0.1
Network Address: First IP Address
Direct Broadcast Address: Last IP Address
Local Broadcast Address: 255.255.255.255

40

IP Address Range

41

Subnet Mask

42

IP Addresses and Subnetwork Masks

43

IP Address Exercise
Address

SM

Network
Address

Broadcast
Address

Host

10.2.1.1/8

255.0.0.0

10.0.0.0

10.255.255.255

224 2

128.63.2.100/16

255.255.0.0

128.63.0.0

128.63.255.255

216 2

201.222.5.64/24

255.255.255.0

201.222.5.0

201.222.5.255

28 2

192.6.141.2/24

255.255.255.0

192.6.141.0

192.6.141.255

28 2

130.113.64.16/16

255.255.0.0

130.113.0.0

130.113.255.255

216 2

1.1.1.1/8

255.0.0.0

1.0.0.0

1.255.255.255

224 2

*Note:
Classful Address
Classless Address

: IP Address without Subnet

: IP Address with Subnet
44

Required Unique Address

45

Network Prefixes

46

Private IP Addresses

47

Using Private Addresses

48

Subnet Addresses

49

Subnet Addresses

50

Assigning Address
Example: 172.16.20.0/25

Determine SubnetMask

/25 up to /24
SM: 255.255.255.?
/32 - /25 = 7
28 27 = 256 128 =128
SM: 255.255.255.128

51

Subnetting

52

Subnetting

53

IP Address Bit Patterns

54

Subdividing the Host Octets of a Class C

Address

55

Subdividing the Host Octets of a Class B

Address

56

Subdividing the Host Octets of a Class A

Address

57

Decimal Equivalents of Bit Patterns

58

Subnet Mask Without Subnets

Subnets not in usethe default

59

Subnet Mask with Subnets

Network number extended by eight bits

60

Subnet Mask with Subnets (Cont.)

Network number extended by ten bits

61

Subnetting Chart (Bit Position and Value)

62

Subnetting Chart (Subnet Mask Identifier)

63

Subnetting Chart

64

Subnetting Scheme

65

Addressing Without Subnets

66

Addressing with Subnets

67

Quick Reference Subnetting Chart

68

Variable Length
Subnet Mask
(VLSM)

69

A Waste of Space

70

When to Use VLSM?

71

Calculating Subnets with VLSM

72

A Working VLSM Example

73

VLSM Chart

74

IPv6

75

IPv4 Address Allocation

76

What is IPv6?
People refer to IPv6 as the next-generation
Internet protocol, and it was originally
created as the answer to IPv4s inevitable,
looming address-exhaustion crisis.
Though youve probably heard a thing or two
about IPv6 already, it has been improved
even further in the quest to bring us the
flexibility, efficiency, capability, and
optimized functionality that can truly meet
our ever-increasing needs.

77

Why do we need IPv6?

Because we need to communicate, and our
current system isnt really cutting it
anymorekind of like how the Pony
Express cant compete with airmail. Just
look at how much time and effort weve
invested in coming up with slick new ways
to conserve bandwidth and IP addresses.
The amount of people and devices that
connect to networks increases each and
every day.

78

IP Address Allocation History

In 1981, IPv4 Protocol was published. In 1985, about 1/16

of the total IPv4 address space was in use. By mid-2001,
about 2/3 of the total IPv4 address space was in use.
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Larger Address Space

IPv4
32 bits or 4 bytes long
~
= 4,200,000,000 possible addressable nodes

IPv6
128 bits or 16 bytes: four times the bits of IPv4
38
~
= 3.4 * 10 possible addressable nodes
340,282,366,920,938,463,374,607,432,768,211,456
~
=
5 * 1028 addresses per person
~
=

80

Simple and Efficient Header

A simpler and more efficient header means:

Hardware-based, efficient processing
Improved routing efficiency and performance
Faster forwarding rate with better scalability

81

IPv6 Address Representation

x:x:x:x:x:x:x:x, where x is a 16-bit hexadecimal field
Leading zeros in a field are optional:
2031:0:130F:0:0:9C0:876A:130B

Successive fields of 0 can be represented as ::, but only

once per address.
Examples:
2031:0000:130F:0000:0000:09C0:876A:130B
2031:0:130f::9c0:876a:130b
FF01:0:0:0:0:0:0:1 >>> FF01::1
0:0:0:0:0:0:0:1 >>> ::1
0:0:0:0:0:0:0:0 >>> ::
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IPv6Addressing Model
Addresses are assigned to interfaces
Change from IPv4 mode:

Interface expected to have multiple addresses

Addresses have scope
Link Local
Unique Local
Global

Global

Unique Local

Link Local

83

IPv6
Address
Types

Unicast

Address is for a single interface.

IPv6 has several types (for example, global and IPv4 mapped).

Multicast
One-to-many
Enables more efficient use of the network
Uses a larger address range

Anycast
One-to-nearest (allocated from unicast address space).
Multiple devices share the same address.
All anycast nodes should provide uniform service.
Source devices send packets to anycast address.
Routers decide on closest device to reach that destination.
Suitable for load balancing and content delivery services.

84

Configuring IPv6
In order to enable IPv6 on a router, you have to use the ipv6 unicast-routing global
configuration command:

Corp(config)#ipv6 unicast-routing
IPv6 isnt enabled by default on any interfaces either, so we have to go to each interface
individually and enable it. You use the interface configuration command ipv6 address
<ipv6prefix>/<prefix-length> [eui-64]to get this done.
Heres an example:

Corp(config-if)#ipv6 address
2001:db8:3c4d:1:0260.d6FF.FE73.1987/64
You can specify the entire 128-bit global IPv6 address or you can use the eui-64 option.
Remember, the eui-64 format allows the device to use its MAC address and pad it to make the
interface ID.

Corp(config-if)#ipv6 address 2001:db8:3c4d:1::/64 eui-64

85

Network Media

86

Communication Across The Networks

87

Coaxial Cable

88

Shielded Twisted-Pair Cable

89

Unshielded Twisted Pair (UTP)

90

Unshielded Twisted Pair (UTP)

91

Unshielded Twisted Pair (UTP)

92

Unshielded Twisted Pair (UTP)

93

Fiber Media

94

Fiber Media Modes

95

Wireless Media Standard

96

802.11 Standards
Here are the most popular standards in use today:
802.11b: 2.4Ghz, maximum bandwidth of 11Mbps
802.1g: 2.4Ghz, up to 54Mbps
802.11a: 5Ghz, up to 54Mbps

97

Unlicensed Frequencies Bands

98

Wireless LAN

99

Wireless Data Networks

50 Mbps

Data Rates

10 Mbps
2 Mbps
1 Mbps

Spread
Spectrum
Infrared Wireless
Wireless
LANs
LANs
2.5 GHz Service
Broadband PCS

56 Kbps

Circuit and Packet Data

19.6 Kbps
9.6 Kbps

Narrow Band
Wireless LANs

Local

Cellular, CDPD, Mobitex, DataTac

Narrowband PCS

Coverage Area

Satellite
Wide
100

Wireless Technologies
WAN

(Wide Area Network)

MAN

(Metropolitan Area Network)

LAN

(Local Area Network)

PAN

(Personal Area
Network)

PAN

LAN

MAN

WAN

Bluetooth

802.11a, 11b, 11g

HiperLAN2

802.11
MMDS, LMDS

GSM, GPRS,
CDMA, 2.53G

Speed

<1 Mbps

254+ Mbps

22+ Mbps

10384 Kbps

Range

Short

Medium

MediumLong

Long

Peer-to-Peer
Device-to-Device

Enterprise
Networks

Fixed, Last
Mile Access

PDAs, Mobile
Phones, Cellular
Access

Standards

Applications

101

Root Mode
Wired
Clients
Wired LAN

Access Points
(Root Mode)

Wireless Clients
102

Bridge Mode
Wired
Clients
Wired LAN 1

Access Points
(Bridge Mode)

Wired
Clients
Wired LAN 2
103

Repeater Mode
Wired
Clients
Wired LAN

Access Points
(Repeater Mode)

Wireless Clients
104

Components and Structure of a WLAN

Identify and describe various wireless LAN
components.

105

LAN and Physical Layer

106

LAN and Physical Layer

107

Ethernet Media and Connector Requirements

108

Connection Media

109

Fiber Media Connector

110

UTP Implementation

111

UTP Implementation

112

UTP Implementation (TIA/EIA Standard)

TIA: Telecommunications Industry Association (British)

EIA: Electronic Industries Alliance (US)
113

UTP Implementation

114

10BASE-T Modular Jack Pinouts

115

UTP Cable Installation

116

Sources of Noise on Copper Media

117

Cable Distances

118

Cable Design

119

Cable Distance Standardization

Type of
Networking
Media

Distance From
HCC to MCC

Distance From
HCC to ICC

Distance From
ICC to MCC

62.5/125
Fiber-Optic
Cable

2000 Meter

500 Meter

1500 Meter

Single-Mode
Fiber-Optic
Cable

3000 Meter

500 Meter

2500 Meter

UTP (Voice)

800 Meter

500 Meter

300 Meter

UTP (Data)

Untuk Aplikasi Komunikasi Data dibatasi

maksimum 90 Meter
(atau umumnya adalah 100 meter)

120

WAN Serial Connections

121

DCE Serial Connections

122

Routers and Serial Connections

123

Routers and Serial Connections

124

Network Technologies &

Devices

125

Network Technology

Token Ring
Ethernet

Fiber Distributed Data Interface

126

Ethernet Name System

127

Media Access Control (MAC) Address

128

Ethernet Type

129

Ethernet Operation

130

Network Design
Concepts

131

Stable, Reliable, Scalable Network

Network requirements:
Ease of management
Fast recovery
Application response time
Fast troubleshooting

132

Network Design
Four fundamental network design goals:
Scalability
Availability
Security
Manageability

133

Hierarchical Network Design

Core Layer: connects Distribution Layer devices
Distribution Layer: interconnects smaller LANs
Access Layer: provides connections for hosts and end
devices

134

Hierarchical Topology Benefit

Functions of a hierarchical addressing scheme:
Prevent duplication of addresses
Control access, monitor security and performance
Support modular design and scalability

135

Step to Design
Steps in network design projects:
Identify the network requirements
Characterize the existing network
Design the network topology and solutions

136

Security and Performance

Explain how ACLs filter traffic for security and traffic
management

137

Optimizing the Network

Functions of VLANs:
Separate and classify traffic
Control broadcasts
Contain VLANs within a single wiring closet

138

Building Network Phase

Prepare Phase
Plan Phase
Design Phase
Implement Phase
Operate Phase
Optimize Phase

139

Network Documentation
Logical and physical diagrams
Floor plans
Inventory lists for equipment and applications
Current network configuration files

140

Design Topology
Create a modular block diagram
Simplify the network to show major functions

141

Analyzing
Identify and document the strengths and weaknesses
of the existing network
Focus on finding ways to overcome weaknesses

142

Network Architecture Characteristic

Scalability

Fault Tolerance

143

Network Architecture Characteristic

Quality Of Services

Security

144

Segmentation

145

Network Troubleshooting Diagram

146

Introduction
Cisco Packet Tracer

147

What is Packet Tracer?

Comprehensive networking technology teaching and learning
software with powerful simulation, visualization, authoring,
assessment, and collaboration capabilities

Offers a unique combination of realistic simulation and

visualization experiences, complex assessment and activity
authoring capabilities, and opportunities for multiuser
collaboration and competition
148

Simulation, Visualization, Collaboration

simulate IOS commands

visualize network traffic

collaborate on multiuser activities

149

Supports Network Design & Simulation

150

Packet Tracer Features

Logical and Physical Workspaces
Real-Time and Simulation Modes
User friendly CLI
Global event list (packet sniffer)
LAN, switching, TCP/IP, routing, and WAN protocols
Activity Wizard, Lab grading
Multiple platform support
Multiple language support
Integrated Help and Tutorials

151

Packet Tracer 5.x Protocol Support

HTTP, TFTP, Telnet, SSH, DNS, DHCP
TCP and UDP
IPv4, ICMP, ARP, IPv6, ICMPv6
RIPv1/v2/ng, Multi-Area OSPF, EIGRP, Static
Routing, Route Redistribution, Multilayer
Switching
Ethernet (802.3), HDLC, Frame Relay, PPP
STP, RSTP, VTP, DTP, CDP, 802.1q, PAgP
802.11
152

Packet Tracer 5.x Multiuser Functionality

PT 5.x is now a network-capable (peer to peer)
application, using the real network (TCP socket
connections) to carry the Packet Tracer virtual packets
The PT application running on one computer can
communicate with the PT application running on 1 or
more other computers
This connectivity between multiple instances of PT
supports teamwork, collaboration, and social networking

153

Example Multiuser Scenarios

3 Packet Tracer instances interacting
via Packet Tracer Messaging Protocol (PTMP)
Real TCP
Socket
Connectio
n

PC 1

Real TCP
Socket
Connectio
n

Real TCP
Socket
Connectio
n

PC 2

PC 3

154

155