ThyroidStimulating

Hormone (TSH)
By: Kajal Grover
Jayasri Vijay
Neal Shah

What is TSH?
Thyroid-Stimulating Hormone (TSH or
thyrotropin)
Stimulates thyroid gland to produce
Triidotheronine (T3) and Thyroxine
(T4), which in turn stimulates
oxidative respiration

How is TSH created?

Hypothalamus produces ThyrotropinReleasing Hormone (TRH)
Triggers the anterior pituitary gland
to release TSH (Thyroid-Stimulating
Hormone)

Hypothalamus and Pituitary

Glands

Thyroid Gland

General Overview of
Glands

TSH = Peptide-Based

Overview
TSH (which is released from the pituitary
gland) binds to the TSH receptor on the
thyroid cells, activating adenylyl cyclase
and cAMP. This stimulates thyroid growth
and causes synthesis and the release of
thyroid hormones T3 and T4 which
stimulates our metabolic rates and are
crucial for normal growth and development.

TSH Signaling Pathway

TSH Signaling Pathway

Negative Feedback
T3 and T4 concentrations in blood decrease
Hypothalamus secrets TRH, stimulating TSH
secretion from pituitary, which stimulates
thyroid gland to release thyroxine
Thyroxine acts on hypothalamus and anterior
pituitary gland to inhibit TRH and TSH secretion
Allows homeostasis: keeps thyroxine levels
fairly constant to control bodys metabolism

Negative Feedback Loop

Diagram

Negative Feedback Loop

Diagram

Negative Feedback
Example of person
lacking iodine in diet:
Example

Thyroid gland cant produce thyroxine (which contains 4

iodines per molecule)
Thyroxine concentration in blood decreases
Reduced inhibition received by hypothalamus and
anterior pituitary gland
Causes elevated secretion of TRH and TSH
High levels of TSH stimulates thyroid gland, which swells
with products of thyroxine metabolic pathway
Still cant produce thyroxine without iodine
Consequence: enlarged thyroid gland (goiter)

TSH Receptor
Too much TSH binding to the TSH
receptor on the thyroid cells will lead
to hyperthyroid diseases
Too little TSH binding to these thyroid
cells will lead to hypothyroid diseases

Diseases
High TSH HYPERTHYROIDISM
Hair loss, coarse texture of the hair, core body

temperature increases, sweating, heart beats

faster , oily skin, diarrhea , slows down mental
development

Graves Disease: goiter, nervousness, heat

sensitivity, hand tremors, weight loss, fatigue

Goiter

Diseases
Low TSH Hypothyroidism
Weight gain, faster aging, lower core body
temperature, tiredness , hair loss, dry skin, dry
constipations, heart beats slower, memory
impairment, blood pressure can drop
Myxedema (swelling) of the legs in adults
Cretinism in children: stunted growth and
severe mental retardation

Myxedema in Legs

Diseases

How Pathway is
Disrupted

Works Cited

http://www.jpgmonline.com/article.asp?issn=0022-3859;year=2011;volume=57;iss
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http://www.nature.com/nrc/journal/v6/n4/images/nrc1836-f3.jpg

http://www.nature.com/nrendo/journal/v6/n1/images/nrendo.2009.225-f2.jpg

http://www.taytan.com/goiter.htm

http://www.webmd.com/a-to-z-guides/thyroid-stimulating-hormone-tsh

http://classes.midlandstech.edu/carterp/Courses/bio211/chap16/chap16.htm

http://bcs.whfreeman.com/thelifewire/content/chp42/4202s.swf

http://wps.aw.com/wps/media/objects/443/454188/st1003.html

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Works Cited

http://www.google.com/url?sa=i&rct=j&q=regulation+of+thyroxine+sec
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http://www.google.com/url?sa=i&rct=j&q=thyroid+gland&source=images&
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http://www.thyroidologists.com/images/Rich/TSH_Medium.png

http://classes.midlandstech.edu/carterp/Courses/bio211/chap16/chap16.htm

http://antranik.org/thyroid-stimulating-hormone-thyrotropin/