Electromagnetic

Induction

Nov 4, 2021
 Electromagnetic Induction
Voltage is induced whether the magnetic field of a
magnet moves near a stationary conductor or
the conductor moves in a stationary magnetic
field.

Nov 4, 2021
 Demo: Magnet Induces Current
Voltage is induced when a magnet moves towards
or away from a coil, inducing a current in the coil.
Faster the magnet’s motion, the greater the
induced current.

Nov 4, 2021
 Magnetic Recording
Write data by magnetizing
recording media (e.g.,
video tape, hard disk)
using electromagnets.
Data is read back using the
induced current produced
when magnetized media
moves past receiver coils
(reverse of writing data).
Nov 4, 2021 Hard disk
 Electric Generator
Electric generator moves a conductor in a
magnetic field to produce voltage via
electromagnetic induction

Nov 4, 2021
 Demo: Electric Generator
Turn the shaft by DC Output

hand and as
the coils pass S
H

the magnets a A
F
T
Magnet

voltage is
induced. Magnet

DC current is Coils

generated.
Nov 4, 2021
 Induction: No Free Lunch
Takes work to turn
the generator crank More difficult to
push the magnet
to produce electric into a coil with
more loops
because the
current. magnetic field of
each current loop
The faster we turn resists the motion
of the magnet.
the crank to
produce more
current, the more
difficult it is to turn.
Nov 4, 2021
 Faraday’s Law
The induced voltage in a coil is proportional to the
product of the number of loops and rate at which
the magnetic field changes within the loops.

Small Medium Large

Voltage Voltage Voltage

Nov 4, 2021
 Self-Induction
When a current is Primary Magnetic Field
induced by a
changing magnetic
field, that current Current
itself produces its
own magnetic field.
This effect is called
Self-Induced
self-induction. Magnetic Field

Nov 4, 2021
 Demo: Magnetic Brakes
Strong magnet dropped into
a copper pipe falls slowly
due to secondary magnetic
field induced by its motion.

Great America’s Drop Zone

has a 22 story freefall,
lasting four seconds,
decelerated by magnetic
braking.

Nov 4, 2021
 Eddy Currents
Changing magnetic field
Primary Magnetic Field
induces eddy currents
within any conductor.
These internal currents
produce self-induced
magnetic fields, which Eddy
by Lenz’s law are in Currents

opposition of the
Self-Induced
primary magnetic field. Magnetic Field

Nov 4, 2021
 Metal Detectors
Can detect the presence of
metals by using a
transmitter coil to create
an oscillating primary
magnetic field.
This creates a secondary
magnetic field due to eddy
currents in the metal.
Can detect this secondary
magnetic field by using a
receiver coil.
Nov 4, 2021
 Demo: Back Electromotive Force
Changing magnetic field in an electromagnet
induces a voltage in the electromagnet
itself.
When we disconnect a large
electromagnet the magnetic field
rapidly collapses.

This changing magnetic field

self-induces a large voltage in
the coil of the electromagnet.

Large spark occurs at the switch.

Nov 4, 2021