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Presents

Concrete & Masonry

Safety
Construction Safety
2012

What You Will Learn

What OSHA
Laws Apply

Concrete &
Masonry
Definitions

Where the
safety
hazards are

What Pre-Cast
Concrete
Hazards are

How to best
protect the
worker from
hazards

What Lift Slab

Concrete Hazards
are

Chapter 5 Documented concrete Item

hazards
s
Chapter 6 - Concrete Equipment &
Safety
Chapter 3 Types of Concrete &
Item
Hazards
s
Chapter 4- General Safety
Requirements

Chapter 1 OSHA Laws

Chapter 2 - Defnitions

Item
s

Contents of Concrete & Masonry

Safety 2012

Chapter 1 OSHA Laws

General Requirements 1926.701

Equipment & Tools

1926.702
Cast-in-place Concrete
1926.703

 Lift Slab
Operations
1926.705
Masonry
Construction
1926.706

Item
s

Concrete & Masonry - Laws

Chapter Two Concrete & Masonry

Safety
OSHA
Concrete
Defnitions

From A to Z
Plus types of
concrete

Concrete & Masonry

Defnitions
Formwork system of support for freshly
poured or partially cured concrete
Limited Access Zone Area next to a
masonry wall under construction that is
established to limit access of employees
Precast Concrete - concrete sections
that have been cast and stressed prior
to being set.

Concrete & Masonry

Defnitions
Shore A supporting member that resists
comprehensive force imposed by a load.
Pre-Cast Concrete - Formwork must be
designed, fabricated, erected, supported,
braced and maintained so that it will be
capable of supporting without failure all
vertical loads
Cast in Place Concrete - Formwork must be
designed, fabricated, erected, supported,
braced and maintained so that it will be
capable of supporting without failure all
vertical loads

Pre-Cast Concrete
Defnitions
Pre- Cast Concrete Uses Slip
Forms
Scaffolds or work platforms
required for slip forms
Design must be adequate
Safe rate of lifting must not be
exceeded

Cast-In-Place Defnitions
Tilt-up inserts must have 2/1 safety
factor

Pre-cast inserts must have 4/1

safety factor
All lifting hardware to have 5/1
safety factor

 Jacks to have a safety device in

case of failure
Jacks must be marked with
rated capacity
Jacks must have a 2.5 to 1
safety factor
Must be planned by a
Professional Engineer.
Only essential employees are
allowed to work in area

Item
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Item
s
Item
s

Lift Slab Concrete Safety

Concrete Safety General

Requirements
No loads to be placed on
concrete structure unless
capable of supporting
All protruding rebar must
be guarded to prevent
impalement

No riding on concrete
buckets

Concrete Equipment & Tools

- Concrete mixers with capacity
greater than 1 cu. yard must have
mechanical device to clear skip of
materials

- Guardrails on each side of skip

Compressed air hoses on concrete
pumping systems must have fail-safe
connectors

Concrete Safety & Limited Access

Zones
1. Established prior to start of work
for all work for all walls over 8 feet

2. Walls eight feet or less, do not have to

establish zone if adequately braced

3. Access restricted to those

employees constructing wall

Concrete Safety & Flying

Forms
- Qualified person only to inspect form prior
to movement
- Tag line required on form
- No one other than rigger on top of form
after roll out
- Fall protection anchored to structure for
rigger

- No one permitted on form during

movement
- Safety line attached to form during
roll out operation

 Sawing, hammering, drilling, grinding, and

chipping of concrete or masonry
Demolition of concrete and masonry structures
Abrasive blasting using silica sand
Abrasive blasting of concrete (regardless of
abrasive used)
Chipping, hammering, drilling of rock the
causes
Crushing, loading, hauling, and dumping rock

Item
s
Item
s
Item
s

Concrete Silicosis

Concrete
Silicosis
Hazard
Dry sweeping or
pressurized air blowing
of concrete rock or
sand dust are serious
causes of disease.

* NOTE: Even materials

containing small
amounts of
crystalline silica
may be hazardous if
they are used in
ways that produce
high dust
concentrations
Joe Cool

Hey Matey!! Hazard Defned

Silicosis
When workers
inhale crystalline
silica, the lung
tissue reacts by
developing fibroticnodules
& scarring around
the trapped silica
particles.
This fibrotic
condition is called
silicosis.

Concrete & Masonry Safety PEL

For Respirable Dust containing Crystalline
Silica for the construction industry is
measured in millions of particles per cubic
foot-250 mppcf PEL =(X) plus % silica + 5

MCCP stands for Millions of Particles

per Cubic Feet
To fnd out what your exposure is contact an
Industrial Hygienist. The American Conference of
Industrial Hygienist can fnd one in your area. The
website for www.acgih.org

Concrete Safety Silicosis

Situations
Drilling of
concrete
pavement
containing
Crystalline

Silica

During interstate
highway repair.

Silicosis Hazard Situations

New highway
construction site, the
concrete pavement was
sawed to provide
expansion joints for the
concrete .
Two workers operated
commercial-type
pavement saws, and one
operated a water truck
The water truck provided
water for the blades of
the two saws (gravity
feed)

Silicosis Construction HazardHighway Hazards part 2

Respirable quartz
was not detected in
any of the samples
even though bulk
dust samples
indicated that the
concrete samples
contained 18%,
19%, 21%, 22%, and
24% quartz

Concrete Safety Hazards

(cont.)

The OSHA Alert illustrates

the variety of conditions in
the U.S. construction
industry that are made
of silicosis. Efforts to prevent
silicosis may be inadequate if
any of the five following
happen:

1. A lack of awareness about the

sources of silica exposure, the
nature of silicosis, and the causes
of the disease

Concrete Safety Hazards

(cont.)
2. Failure to substitute abrasive
blasting materials less toxic than
those containing silica
3. Inadequate engineering controls and
work practices
4. Inadequate respiratory protection
programs for workers
5. Failure to conduct adequate
surveillance programs, including
exposure and medical monitoring

 The sandblaster was frst diagnosed

with silicosis in 1991 when a coworker had developed tuberculosis
and the State health department had
administered chest X-rays and skin
testing
to the entire
crew
He
had noticed
a gradual
increase in
shortness of breath, wheezing, and
discomfort from minimal exertion.
Tissue taken from his lungs showed
extensive fbrosis
A 39-year-old man was diagnosed with
silicosis (progressive massive fbrosis)
and tuberculosis in April 1993 after
working 22 years as a sandblaster.

Part
3
Part
2
Part
1

Concrete Safety Illness

Cases

Silica Cases (continued)

He was one of 20 workers who sandblasted
welds during water tank construction to
prepare the metal for painting.
While sandblasting, he wore a charcoal flter
respirator. During a 10- to 11-hour day, he
spent 6 hours sandblasting

Two brothers and three nephews who worked

with him all tested positive for tuberculosis.

 He did not use a respirator.

Information about dust controls was
not available.
His work included polishing and
drilling tile, and he was exposed to
grout dust and sandblasting (though
he did not do sandblasting)
A white male nonsmoker was
diagnosed with advanced silicosis,
emphysema, and asthma at age 49
after working 23 years as a tile
installer.

Item
s
Item
s
Item
s

Concrete Safety Silica Disease

Cases Case #2

Silicosis Case #3
1. A white male nonsmoker was
diagnosed with silicosis, emphysema, and
lung cancer at age 70
2. After working 41 years as a mason
laying brick. The diagnosis was made
after an open lung biopsy (a chest X-ray
had shown no evidence of silicosis).
3. This worker spent part of his time
around coke ovens doing fre brick work.
He wore a respirator when he was
working in dusty conditions.

Silica Case #4
Case No. 4--Rock Driller
A 47-year-old man was diagnosed with severe
silicosis after working 22 years as a rock
driller.
He was diagnosed in 1992 after he was
brought to a hospital with respiratory failure
and right heart failure
In the Spring of 1994, while he was on a
ventilator, he died from respiratory failure.
His autopsy confrmed advanced silicosis.

 (silica sand is
the abrasive)
containing
crystalline silica
Figure 1.
Abrasive
blasting of
concrete

Item
Item
Item

Jobsite Hazards Depicted

Recommendations for Controlling

Silica Hazards
NIOSH recommends the following
measures to reduce exposures to
respirable crystalline silica in workplace
1. Recognize when silica dust may be
generated and plan ahead to eliminate or
control the dust at the source.
2. Awareness and planning are keys to
prevention of silicosis.

Recommendations on Controlling
Silica Hazards (cont.)
3.Do not use silica sand or other
substances containing more than 1%
crystalline silica as abrasive blasting
materials.
4. Use engineering controls and
containment methods such as blastcleaning machines and cabinets, wet
drilling,
5. or wet sawing of silica-containing
materials to control the hazard and
protect adjacent workers from exposure.

Recommendations on Controlling
Silica Hazards (cont.)
6.6.Routinely
Routinelymaintain
maintaindust
dustcontrol
control
systems
systemstotokeep
keepthem
theminingood
goodworking
working
order
order
7. Practice good personal hygiene to
avoid unnecessary exposure to other
worksite contaminants such as lead
8.8.Wear
Weardisposable
disposableororwashable
washable
protective
protectiveclothes
clothesatatthe
theworksite.
worksite.

Recs on Controlling Silica

Hazards

9.9.Wear
Weardisposable
disposableororwashable
washableprotective
protective
clothes
clothesatatthe
theworksite.
worksite.Shower
Shower(if(ifpossible)
possible)
and
andchange
changeinto
intoclean
cleanclothes
clothesbefore
beforeleaving
leaving
the
theworksite
worksitetotoprevent
preventcontamination
contaminationofof
other
otherareas.
areas.
10. Conduct air monitoring to measure
worker exposures and ensure that controls
are providing adequate protection for
workers.
11. Use adequate respiratory protection
when source controls cannot keep silica
exposures below the NIOSH PEL.

Recommendations on Controlling
Silica Hazards (cont.)
Provide periodic medical examinations for all
workers who may be exposed to respirable
crystalline silica.
Post warning signs to mark the boundaries of
work areas contaminated with respirable
crystalline silica.
Wear disposable or washable protective
clothes at the worksite.

Recommendations for Controlling

Silica Hazards
Shower (if possible) and change into clean
clothes before leaving the worksite to
prevent contamination of cars, homes, and
other work areas
Conduct air monitoring to measure worker
exposures and ensure that controls are
providing adequate protection for workers.
Use adequate respiratory protection when
source controls cannot keep silica exposures
below the NIOSH REL.

Recommendations on Controlling
Silica Hazards (cont.)
Provide periodic medical examinations for all
workers who may be exposed to respirable
crystalline silica.
Post
Postwarning
warningsigns
signstotomark
markthe
theboundaries
boundariesofof
work
workareas
areascontaminated
contaminatedwith
withrespirable
respirable
crystalline
crystallinesilica.
silica.
Provide
Provideworkers
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includes
information
informationabout
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healtheffects,
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work
practices,
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andPPE
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Reportall
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casesofofsilicosis
silicosistotoState
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departmentsand
andOSHA.
OSHA.

Concrete & Masonry Safety

All
Right

Lets
Summary
Summarize
This
Doggone
Training
Program up before I
get nasty!

1.
The key to
preventing
silicosis is to keep
dust out of the
air.

Concrete Masonry Safety

Summary
Dust controls
can be as
simple as a
water hose to
wet the dust
before it
becomes
airborne. This
aint
quackery!!

Concrete Safety Summary

Use the
following
methods to
control
respirable
crystalline
silica:

No 1. Use
the dust
collection
systems
available for
many types
of dustgenerating
equipment

Concrete Safety Summary

When
purchasing
equipment,
look for
dust
controls.
Use local
exhaust
ventilation
to prevent
dust from
being
released
into the air.

Concrete Safety Summary

Always use the
dust control
system, and
keep it well
maintained. Do
not use
equipment if
the dust
control system
is not working
properly

Concrete and Masonry

Summary
During rock
drilling, use
water
through the
drill stem to
reduce the
amount of
dust in the
air, or use a
drill with a
dust
collection
system.

Concrete Safety Summary

Use drills that
have a positivepressure cab
with air
conditioning and
filtered air
supply to isolate
the driller from
the dust.
When sawing
concrete or
masonry, use
saws that
provide water to
the blade.

Concrete
&&Masonry
Concrete
MasonrySafety
Safety
Use
good work
practicesSummary
to
Summary
minimize
exposures and
to prevent
nearby workers
from being
exposed.
For example,
remove dust
from
equipment with
a water hose
rather than
with
compressed air

Concrete & Masonry

Summary
-Use vacuums with
high-efficiency
particulate air
(HEPA) filters, or
use wet sweeping
instead of dry
sweeping.

- Use abrasives
containing less
than 1% crystalline
silica during
abrasive blasting to
prevent quartz dust
from being released
in the air.

Concrete & Masonry Safety

Summary
Use containment
methods such as
blast-cleaning
machines and cabinets
to prevent dust from
being released into
the air.

Concrete & Masonry Safety

Summary
Use abrasives
containing less
than 1% crystalline
silica during
abrasive blasting
to prevent quartz
dust from being
released in the air.

Concrete
Concrete&&Masonry
MasonrySafety
Safety
Summary
Summary
Use
containment
methods such
as blastcleaning
machines and
cabinets to
prevent dust
from being
released into
the air.
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