DESINGED BY

Sunil Kumar
Research Scholar/ Food Production Faculty
Institute of Hotel and Tourism Management,
MAHARSHI DAYANAND UNIVERSITY, ROHTAK
Haryana- 124001 INDIA Ph. No. 09996000499
email: skihm86@yahoo.com , balhara86@gmail.com
linkedin:- in.linkedin.com/in/ihmsunilkumar
facebook: www.facebook.com/ihmsunilkumar
SUNIL KUMAR
webpage: chefsunilkumar.tripod.com

The initial assistance or treatment

given to a casualty for any injury
or sudden illness before arrival
of an ambulance, doctor, or any
qualified person is called as
FIRST AID.
The casualty is likely
to be in the need of
secondary aid.
SUNIL KUMAR

Principles of First Aid

Act calmly and logically.

Be in control both of himself or herself and
the problem.
Be gentle but firm, speak to the casualty
kindly but purposefully.
Build up trust through talking to the casualty
throughout the examination and treatment.
Avoid giving any misleading information.
Never leave the casualty alone and continue to
talk to him/her until the ambulance or doctor
arrives.
Continuously reassure the casualty.
SUNIL KUMAR

Principles of First Aid

( Cont.)

Send the casualty to

a hospital or doctor
by the quickest
means of transport.
Always inform the
police about serious
accidents
Inform relatives of
the casualty.
SUNIL KUMAR

JOB OF A FIRST AIDER.

Always avoid
endangering
yourself
Ensure that victim is
safe from danger
Check the victims
condition and asses
his or her injuries
Take immediate
remedial action if
necessary.
SUNIL KUMAR

DO NOT

Allow crowd to form around the casualty.

Do too much, remember that doctor will be
coming.
Put any unclean dressing or cloth over the
casualty.
Touch a wound with your fingers.
Move a patient unnecessarily.
Risk burning a patient by using unwrapped hot
water or other heated object.
Remove his clothing unnecessarily.
Attempt a precise diagnosis.
Forget to send for a physician.
SUNIL KUMAR

COMMON
SITUATIONS

SUNIL KUMAR

BURNS

For minor burns:

Hold the injury under cold running water for five minutes . It
needs no further treatment. It should simply be left exposed to
air. Don't apply any oil or ointment. Don't prick or remove
blisters.

For large and deep burns:

Needs medical attention. Relieve pain by immersing the area in

cold water or applying cold wet cloths.
Wrap or cover injury with clean cloth and light
bandage. Treat the victim for shock while waiting
for medical help.

SUNIL KUMAR

CUTS OR ABRASIONS
These may be caused in many ways and if not treated
properly may sometimes get infected.

The wound should be cleaned with warm

water and antiseptic solution and then
covered with a clean dressing..
In case of bleeding pressure should be
applied on the wound if it is free of foreign
particles.
For deep cuts and excessive bleeding
the person should be taken immediately
hospital.
SUNIL KUMAR

For Controlling Bleeding:

Apply direct pressure to the wound, using fingers or

hand.
If the wound is large, press the edges together,
gently, firmly maintaining pressure.
Consider what you can use as a pad to control the
bleeding more effectively, a clean folded
handkerchief is ideal.
If bleeding is from limb, elevate it.
If direct pressure seems to control bleeding, put a
sterile or clean dressing on the wound.
Bandage should be firm enough to prevent bleeding
but not so tight to cut off circulation.

SUNIL KUMAR

MINOR WOUNDS

Wash the wound and the surrounding skin thoroughly with

soap and water.
Remove any foreign material and dirt from the wound.
Wash your hands, shake them dry.
Swab the skin around the wound with antiseptic solution.
Apply a sterile dressing or band aid type bandage.
Leave the dressing in place until the wound has healed.

SUNIL KUMAR

NOSE BLEEDING

Make the victim sit down with his or her

head over a sink or bowl.
Pinch the sides of nose together, apply a
cold pad to bridge of nose and wait.
Instruct the victim to breathe through the
mouth and not to sniff.
If bleeding doesnt stop
within 20 mins, take the
person to the hospital
immediately.
SUNIL KUMAR

ACHES & PAINS

BACKACHE
Apply local heat to the back from a hot water bottle or heat
lamp.
Use of pain relieving drugs, as aspirin, ibuprofen, for short
periods.
Headache
The victim should relax.
Use pain relievers.
Apply a cold compress or covered
hot bottles to the forehead.
SUNIL KUMAR

ACHES & PAINS (Cont.)

EAR ACHE
Self help is limited to giving pain relieving drugs.
Check the victims temperature and consult a doctor if a fever
is developing.
TOOTHACHE
The affected tooth can be dabbed with
clove oil.
Pain relievers can be taken.
Hot water bottle against the painful side
the face.
SUNIL KUMAR

FRACTURES
GENERAL PRINCIPLES:
Avoid unnecessary movements at the fracture site.
With leg fractures, only move the victim if he or she
is in dangerous situation.
A person with arm, hand or collar fracture may be
made comfortable by applying padding and support
sling.
Always pad the fracture site and
avoid undue pressure.
Use of excellent splints is important.
SUNIL KUMAR

MUSCLE INJURIES

Sit or lay the injured person

down.
Put the injured part in the
most comfortable position.
Apply a cold ice pack.
Bandage it in place and
leave for half hour which
will limit internal bleeding.
Firmly compress the injured
part with thick cotton wool
bound on with the bandage.
SUNIL KUMAR

BANDAGES &
DRESSINGS

Adhesive Bandage
Adhesive Fabric tape
Field Dressing
Gauge Dressing
Roller Bandage
Triangular bandage
Slings
SUNIL KUMAR

FIRST AID BOX

o
o
o
o
o
o
o
o

First aid book

Antiseptic
cream
Savlon or Dettol
Antihistamine
lotion
Calamine lotion
Antacid Tablets
Anti- diarrhoel
Tablets
Paracetamol
SUNIL KUMAR

CONTENTS cont.
o
o
o

o
o

Asprin
Kaolin Clay
Chloromycetin eye
ointment
Travel sickness
tablet
Oil of Cloves
Clinical
Thermometer
Sterilized dressing
for fingers, hands,
feet etc.
Sterilized cottonwool
SUNIL KUMAR

CONTENTS cont.
o
o
o
o
o
o

o
o
o
o

Absorbent Gauge
Crepe bandage
Eye pad
Band-aids
Roller bandages
Triangular Bandages
(unbleached)
Tweezers
Dressing Scissors
Safety pins
Pad & Pencil
SUNIL KUMAR

DESINGED BY

Sunil Kumar
Research Scholar/ Food Production Faculty
Institute of Hotel and Tourism Management,
MAHARSHI DAYANAND UNIVERSITY, ROHTAK
Haryana- 124001 INDIA Ph. No. 09996000499
email: skihm86@yahoo.com , balhara86@gmail.com
linkedin:- in.linkedin.com/in/ihmsunilkumar
facebook: www.facebook.com/ihmsunilkumar
webpage: chefsunilkumar.tripod.com

SUNIL KUMAR