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CHEMICAL PLANTS
GROUP 1
CHE 522
MODES OF A HAZARD
TYPES OF HAZARD
Hazards are generally labeled as one of five types:
1. Physical hazards are conditions or situations that can
cause the body physical harm or intense stress. Physical
hazards can result from both natural and human made
elements.
2. Chemical hazards are substances that can cause harm
or damage to the body, property or the environment.
Chemical hazards can be either natural or human made
origin.
3. Biological hazards are biological agents that can cause
harm to the human body. These some biological agents can
be viruses, parasite, bacteria, food, fungi, and foreign toxin.
4. Psychological hazards are created during work related
stress or a stressful environment.
5. Radiation hazards are those which cause harm or
damage to the human body by affecting the cell directly.
CLASSIFYING HAZARDS
There are several methods of classifying hazard, but
most systems use some variation on the factors of
"likelihood" of the hazard turning into an incident and
the "seriousness" of the incident if it were to occur.
(This discussion moved away from hazard to a
discussion of risk.)
A common method is to score both likelihood and
seriousness on a numerical scale (with the most likely
and most serious scoring highest) and multiplying one
by the other in order to reach a comparative score.
Risk = Hazard Vulnerability Capacity
This score can then be used to identify which hazards
may need to be mitigated. A low score on likelihood of
occurrence may mean that the hazard is dormant,
whereas a high score would indicate that it may be an
"active" hazard.
FIRE
EXPLOSION
TOXIC RELEASE
This involves the release of poisonous material to
the environment. These materials are capable of
causing harm or death.
TYPES OF TOXIC RELEASE
Irritants: These are substances with the ability
to cause inflammation or chemical burns of the
eyes, skin, nose, throat, lungs and other tissues of
the body, which may come in direct contact.
Asphyxiates: These are typically non-toxic gases
that may cause injury by inhalation only if they
are present in air in such high concentrations that
they displace and exclude the oxygen needed to
maintain consciousness and life
HAZARDOUS-WASTE CHARACTERISTICS
Hazardous wastes are classified on the basis of
their biological, chemical, and physical
properties. These properties generate
materials that are:
Toxic waste: These are poisons even in very
small or trace amounts
Reactive waste: These are chemically
unstable and react violently with air or water
Infectious waste: include used bandages,
hypodermic needles, and other materials
from hospitals or biological research facilities.
Radioactive waste: emits ionizing energy that
can harm living organisms.
LIST OF INDUSTRIAL
DISASTERS
INDUSTRI
ES
DATES
DISASTE
RS
LOSS
ENERGY
Texas City
Refinery
Explosion
433,
000
barrels
of crude
oil
February 7, 2010.
Connectic
ut Power
Plant
Explosion
LOSS