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The senses allow humans to receive information from the external environment. Vision involves light entering the eye, being focused by the lens, and striking photoreceptor cells in the retina which send signals to the brain. Hearing occurs when sound vibrations are collected by the outer ear and transmitted through the middle ear bones, causing fluid vibrations in the cochlea which stimulate auditory nerve fibers. The senses of smell and taste both involve chemical stimulation of receptors, but smell occurs via the nose and taste the mouth.
The senses allow humans to receive information from the external environment. Vision involves light entering the eye, being focused by the lens, and striking photoreceptor cells in the retina which send signals to the brain. Hearing occurs when sound vibrations are collected by the outer ear and transmitted through the middle ear bones, causing fluid vibrations in the cochlea which stimulate auditory nerve fibers. The senses of smell and taste both involve chemical stimulation of receptors, but smell occurs via the nose and taste the mouth.
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The senses allow humans to receive information from the external environment. Vision involves light entering the eye, being focused by the lens, and striking photoreceptor cells in the retina which send signals to the brain. Hearing occurs when sound vibrations are collected by the outer ear and transmitted through the middle ear bones, causing fluid vibrations in the cochlea which stimulate auditory nerve fibers. The senses of smell and taste both involve chemical stimulation of receptors, but smell occurs via the nose and taste the mouth.
Copyright:
Attribution Non-Commercial (BY-NC)
Verfügbare Formate
Als PPTX, PDF, TXT herunterladen oder online auf Scribd lesen
smell, taste, and touch • Each of your major senses picks up a specific type of stimulus from your environment • The sense organs change those stimuli into nerve impulses and send the impulses to your brain How Light Enters the Eye • Eyes respond to the external stimulus of light • They convert that stimulus into impulses that your brain interprets, and enables you to see • Light 1st strikes the cornea- clear tissue that covers the eye • Light then passes through a fluid filled chamber to the pupil • Pupil- the opening through which light enters the eye • Iris- circular structure that surrounds the pupil and regulates the amount of light entering the eye (eye color) How Light is Focused • Light passes through the pupil and strikes the lens • Lens- flexible structure that focuses light • Images produced by the lens are upside down and reversed • Light then passes through a transparent, jellylike fluid and strikes the retina • Retina- layer of receptor cells that lines the back of the eye • Receptor cells are rods and cones • Rod cells work best in dim light • Cone cells work well in bright light and see color • Impulses begin after light strikes the receptor cells and travel to the cerebrum through the optic nerve • The brain turns the image right-side up and combines the images from both eyes in the Correcting Vision Problems Nearsightedness Farsightedness
• Nearsightedness- CAN • Farsightedness- CAN see
see nearby objects distant objects clearly clearly, but have trouble seeing objects • Nearby objects are far away blurry • Caused by an eyeball • The lens of the eye that is too long bends light from nearby objects and do • Distant objects do not not focus focus sharply on the • Corrected with convex retina lenses • Hearing • Ears are the sense organs that respond to the external stimulus of sound • Ears convert sound to nerve impulses that the brain interprets How Sound is Sound Vibrations and
Produced Ears
• Sound is produced by • Structure of the ear
vibrations functions to receive • Vibrations create sound vibrations waves that move outward from the source • Waves consist of moving particles, such as molecules of air • Waves also travel through liquids and solids Structure of the Ear • 3 parts of the ear- outer ear, middle ear, and inner ear • Outer ear shaped as a funnel that enables the outer ear to gather sound waves • Eardrum- separates the outer ear from the middle ear; membrane that vibrates when sound waves strike it • Middle ear- 3 smallest bones of the body- hammer, anvil, and stirrup • Eardrum makes the hammer vibrate, hammer passes vibrations to the anvil, anvil pass them to the stirrup How You Hear • Stirrup vibrates against a thin membrane that covers the opening of the inner ear • Membrane channels the vibrations into the fluid in the cochlea • Cochlea- snail-shaped tube that is lined with receptors that respond to sound • Fluid in the cochlea vibrates and stimulates these receptors • Sensory neurons then send nerve impulses to the cerebrum through the auditory nerve Internal Stimuli and Balance • Ear also controls sense of balance • Semicircular canals- structures in the ear that are responsible for your sense of balance above the cochlea • Canals are full of fluid and are lined with tiny cells that have hairlike extensions • Movement causes fluid to move and make hairlike extensions bend • Bending creates stimulus that produces nerve impulses in sensory neurons • Impulses travel to the cerebellum to determine which way your head is moving Smell and Taste • Smell and taste depend on chemical that trigger responses in receptors in the nose and mouth • 50 different odors • 4 tastes- bitter, sweet, salty, and bitter • Flavor is determined by both smell and taste Touch • Sense of touch is found all over the body • Skin is the largest sense organ • Receptors responding to light touch are in the upper part of the dermis; also let you feel textures • Receptors deeper in the dermis pick up the feeling of pressure • Receptors responding to temperature and pain are found in the dermis Review • What function do the senses perform in the body? • • Describe the process by which your eyes produce an image of your surroundings. Begin at the point at which light is focused by the lens. • • • How do sound vibrations affect structures in the ear to produce the sensation of hearing? • • • How are the senses of taste and smell similar? How are they different?