Shear Stresses &

Bending Moment
A study of stresses on beams and bending moment due to
stresses
Tutor:
Javaria Chiragh
GC University Btech(Elec)

Beam
Beam is a bar carrying external forces that are
inclined to its axis. Beams are always
considered straight and external forces are
always considered as vertical loads.

Types of beams:
Beams are
supported

classified

the

way

Simply Supported Beams

they

are

Simply Supported Beams

Overhanging
Beams
A simply supported beam is supported
by a hinged support at one end and
An
Overhanging supported beam is also
roller support
other and
end.roller
supported
by aat
hinged
supports but have one or both ends
extending beyond supports.

Cantilever Beams

Cantilever beams are only supported at

only one end.

Types of Loads
Point Load
Point load is also called concentrated load. It
acts over so small length of beam that it can be
assumed to act at a point.

Distributed Load
It is spread over sufficient length of beam. It
may be distributed over entire length or over a
point of beam.
Distributed load is w=W/unit length

Moment(Moment of force):
The turning effect of a force is known as the
moment. It is the product of the force
multiplied by the moment arm
M=F*d
Moment Arm:
It is perpendicular distance from the line of

Sign Conventions in Beams

Physically
we
consider the positive
and
negative
moments,
if
the
effect of external
forces tend to bend
the beam as shown
in figure.

Smileys just
to
remember

Shear & Bending Moment

Diagrams
Shear Force (SF) diagram
The Shear Force (V) plotted
against distance x Measured
from end of the beam
Bending
moment
(BM)
diagram Bending moment (BM)
plotted against distance x
Measured from end of the beam

Load
diagram

SF diagram

BM
diagram

Bending moment in Simply

supported beam (Point Load)
Firstly, we have to calculate
reactions at supports and draw
Free Body Diagram (FBD).

Then from left to right, we will

make "cuts" before and after
each reaction/load

Cut 2

Cut 3

Here are still only

one reaction to
consider on left of
the cut.

Bending
moment
at the center of the
beam:

Here are still only

two forces on left
of the cut.

Bending moment
at supports in case
of simply
supported beam is
always zero.
So, at supports
BM=0

Bending moment in Simply

supported beam (Distributed
load)

Bending moment in cantilever

beam (Point load)
We do bending moment
analysis of cantilever beam
similarly.
Bending moment is
downwards according to our
convention.
Moment=Force * Moment
arm
M=-W*x (for moment at XX)
M=-W*l (for moment at joint)

Bending moment in cantilever

beam (Distributed load)

Relations between load, Shear Force and bending

moment
Relationship between
distributed load and shear
force is:
W= dF/dx
Where F is shear force and
W is applied load.
It means that rate of
change of shear force at
any section represents rate
of loading at that section.

Relationship between distributed shear force and bending

moment is:

F=dM/dx

Where M is bending moment and F is shear force.

It means that rate of change of bending moment at any section

represents shear force at that point