Excretory

System
Excretory
Organ

DESEASEs

Kidneys
DEFINITION
LUNGS

SKIN
BY :

LIVER

Excretory System

DEWA PUTU ARIS SADANANA

(O4/9E)

CARLA DIAN MARTHA

(08/9E)

I GEDE MAHARDIKA

(19/9E)

I DEWA AYU MAHESWARI ADIANANDA

(39/9E)

BASIC COMPETENCE

After learning this chapter, you will be able to

mention the human excretion system organs,
explain the functions of excretion system, and
mention the examples of disorders and diseases in
excretion system as well as the method to
overcome them.

KEY WORDS
Excretory System
Excretion Organs
Liver
Lungs
Kidney
Skin
Metabolism

DEFINITION OF
EXCRETORY SYSTEM
Excretory system is discharging
process of waste matters that are
not required by the body.
Excretory organs involve liver, lung,
kidney, and skin.

Excretory
System
Excretory
Organ

DESEASEs

Kidneys
DEFINITION
LUNGS

SKIN
BY :

LIVER

Excretory System

DEWA PUTU ARIS SADANANA

(O4/9E)

CARLA DIAN MARTHA

(08/9E)

I GEDE MAHARDIKA

(19/9E)

I DEWA AYU MAHESWARI ADIANANDA

(39/9E)

KIDNEYS

Kidney is main excretory organ in humans.

Human kidney is one pair, shaped like kidney
bean and has red colour or purplish. Left kidney
is higher than right kidney.
The kidney has functions as follows :
1. Filtering blood from the renal artery that
comes from aorta that is waste matters that are
not required but found in the blood and collected
in the form of urine.
2. Keep water equilibrium inside the body.
Kidney consists of there parts, those are cortex,
medulla, and pelvis.

The Cortex
In this part there are hundreads thousand
of Malpighian bodies. The Malpighian body
consists of glomerulus and Bowmans
capsule. Glomerulus is collection of
smooth blood vessels that are branches of
renal artery,while Bowmans capsule is a
part that has the shape of a bowl or cup
that is in pair with glomerulus.

The Medulla and Pelvis

Medulla is bodies of conical shape that are called
pyramids. In this part of pyramid there are
smooth vessels that are repercussion of
Bowmans capsule. Smooth vessels flow urine to
the larger duct and ended in pelvis. Then, the
urine is conducted through ureter and received in
urethra. If the ureter contains the urine, then
ureter wall will be pushed so circular muscle in
the end stretches.
Pelvis is the place to receive urine before it is
conducted to urethra.

The Working Method of

Kidney
In the cortex, there are blood filters that are called
nephrons. They are composed of millions of Malphigian
tubules.
Each Malphigian tubule is composed of glomerulus and
Bowman capsule. In this Malphigian tubule, filtration of
blood occurs.
Filtration permits fluid and small solute dissolved become
part of the filtrate. The big solute, such as blood cells and
protein cannot pass this filter.
Filtrate which is produced by filtration in glomerulus then
enters Bowman capsule cavity. This filtrate is called
glomerulus filtrate or primary urine.

 Primary urine will flow through contortus

tubule. In the early proximal contortus tubule,
needed substance in the filtrate is reabsorbed.
It forms secondary urine or contortus tubules,
it will undergo and addition of add unnedded
substance (secretion) and water absorption
(augmentation). This process forms the real
urine.
Urine will pass through ureter from kidney to
the urinary bladder.
Then, it will pass through urethra and be
released from the body.

Excretory
System
Excretory
Organ

DESEASEs

Kidneys
DEFINITION
LUNGS

SKIN
BY :

LIVER

Excretory System

DEWA PUTU ARIS SADANANA

(O4/9E)

CARLA DIAN MARTHA

(08/9E)

I GEDE MAHARDIKA

(19/9E)

I DEWA AYU MAHESWARI ADIANANDA

(39/9E)

LUNGS
Lungs are main organ in respiratory system
because it function to take oxygen . Besides
as respiratory organ, the lung also has
function as excretion organ.
Respiratory process produces energy and
by product or matter that is carbon dioxide
(CO2) and water vapor (H20). CO2 and H20
are released again through lung. So lung is
also called as excretion organ because it
releases C02 and H20.

 In the body, food (glucose) is changed into energy

through a process called cellular respiration or
biological oxidation.
Blood in the capillaries contains more carbon dioxide
than that in the alveoli cavity. As the result, capillarys
carbon dioxide will diffuse through the capillary wall
and alveoli wall and then go to the alveoli cavity.
Carbon dioxide will diffuse if the capillary and alveoli
cell walls are wet. Finally, carbon dioxide and water are
excreted from the body through bronchus, trachea
and nose.

Excretory
System
Excretory
Organ

DESEASEs

Kidneys
DEFINITION
LUNGS

SKIN
BY :

LIVER

Excretory System

DEWA PUTU ARIS SADANANA

(O4/9E)

CARLA DIAN MARTHA

(08/9E)

I GEDE MAHARDIKA

(19/9E)

I DEWA AYU MAHESWARI ADIANANDA

(39/9E)

SKIN
Skin is a thin layer that covers our
bodys surface.
Skin is composed of three layers :
epidermis, dermis and subcutaneous
tissue.

THE STRUCTURE OF
SKIN
Eventhough skin is a thin layer, but the
structure of skin composes of three layers,
those are epidermis, dermis and connective
tissue under the skin.
1. Epidermis
The epidermis consist of two layers, those
are
epithelium layer and malpighian layer.

A.

Epithelium
The epithilium layer is the outer layer and composed
of dead cells. Every time this layer will peel and be
replaced by cells under it. Epithilium layer has no
blood vessel and nervous tissue so when this layer
peels it causes no pain and doesnt release blood if
it is wounded. The epithelium layer has the function
to hold too much vavorization.
B. Malpighian layer
Malpighian layer is a layer that is located under the
epithelium layer and composed of living cells. These
cell get the food substance from the blood that is
transported by capillary vessels found under it. The
malpighian layer contains the pigment that gives
color the skin.The skin pigment has the function to
protect the skin from excessive sunlight.
In this layer there are ends of nerve of pain feeler,
so if this layer is peeles then it will produced pain.

2. Dermis
Dermis contains the blood vessel, the sweat gland, the
hair follicle, the sebaceous gland, and the ends of
sensoric nerve.
A. The Blood Vessel
Function : To transport the blood to keep the
life skin cells.
B. The Sweat Gland
Function : To produce sweat that is transported
through sweat chanels and end in pore.
C. The Hair follicle
Hair follicle is part of skins in which there are hair
base and hair shaft.
D. The Sebaceous Gland
Sebaceous gland is found around the hair shaft.
Funcction : To soften hair and keep the skin from drying.

E. The Ends of Sensoric Nerve

Ends of Sensoric Nerve are place of feeler of
sense and touching sense.The feeler sense can
receive the impulse of heat, cold an pain, while
the touching sense can receive roughness or
smoothness of something.
3. The Connective Tissue Under the Skin
Connective Tissue Under the Skin tissue under
the skin is found under epidermis.
Function : As body protector from the impact
of
hard objects and also as isolator to block heat
emitted from the body.

THE FUNCTION OF
SKIN

The function of skin are :

Protecting our body from environmental
disturbance, such as friction with hard things, too
strong light, diseases, etc.
As excretory organ
As place to store surplus of fat.
As place of feeler sense and touching sense.
As place to form vitamin D.
As regulator of body temperature.

Excretory
System
Excretory
Organ

DESEASEs

Kidneys
DEFINITION
LUNGS

SKIN
BY :

LIVER

Excretory System

DEWA PUTU ARIS SADANANA

(O4/9E)

CARLA DIAN MARTHA

(08/9E)

I GEDE MAHARDIKA

(19/9E)

I DEWA AYU MAHESWARI ADIANANDA

(39/9E)

LIVER

Liver is included into gland and the largest

gland inside the body. Liver has reddishbrown color of weight in adult people is
about 2 kg. Liver is located inside
abdominal cavity to the right, under
diaphragm.

 Liver is included into secretory organ and

excretory organ. Liver is called secretory organ
because the liver produces gall, while liver is called
excretory organ because the gall discharged
contains waste matters that come from broken red
blood cell and destroyed in the lymph. The gall
discharged by liver is recived in gallbladder and
then in flown to duodenum by gall duct.
Besides as excretory organ, the liver also has the
order functions as follows.

THE FUNCTIONS OF
LIVER
Destroying disease germs and
neutralizing poison that enters into the
body
Controlling sugar level in the blood. The
surplus of sugar subtance in the blood
is changed to be glycogen and if the
blood is lacking of sugar substance, the
glycogen is changed to be glocose and
it is suplied to the blood

 As formation place of prothrombin and

fibrinogen
As place to change provitamin A to be vitamin
A. Provitamin A is obtained from vegetables
and fruits that by liver is changed to be
vitamin A
As formation place of urea. Urea come from
ammonia. Ammonia (NM3) is chemical
compound of recombination surplus of protein.
Ammonia has poisonous property so before
discharged from the body it must be changed
firstly to urea.

Excretory
System
Excretory
Organ

DESEASEs

Kidneys
DEFINITION
LUNGS

SKIN
BY :

LIVER

Excretory System

DEWA PUTU ARIS SADANANA

(O4/9E)

CARLA DIAN MARTHA

(08/9E)

I GEDE MAHARDIKA

(19/9E)

I DEWA AYU MAHESWARI ADIANANDA

(39/9E)

DISEASE OF
KIDNEYS
Some disorders happening in excretion process in
kidney are as follows:
Diabetes mellitus, which is a condition when
glucose is found in the urine because of insulin
secretion disturbance.
Diabetes insipidus, a condition when the body
produces a large volume of urine. This condition
occurs because kidney does not produce enough
antidiuretic hormone (ADH), so the ability of
kidney to reabsorb water decreases.
Kidney stone, a condition when there is a stone in
the kidney because of calcium sedimentation. It
inhibits the urine from passing through and causes
pain when we urinate. Kidney stone can be
eliminated by surgery or laser exposure, etc.

DISEASE OF LUNGS
Excretion disturbances on lung can be
caused by infection and noninfection.
Some disturbances caused by infection are
bronchitis, TBC (tuberculosis), pharynxes,
tonsillitis, pneumonia, diphteria and
asfiction. Several disturbances caused by
noninfection are ashma, lung cancer,
emphysema and rhinitis.

DISEASES Of SKIN :

A. The Athelete Foot

Athelete foot is caused by infection of fungus in foot.
This fungus will grow if foot is in humid condition and
sweating. To prevent this disease we shoulde keep the
foot dry.
B. Ringworm
Ringworm is a disease in the skin because of fungal
infection so in the skin is formed circular bundle.
To prevent it, keep self cleanliness and keep the skin dry.
C. Rash Biduran
Rash is caused by cold temperature, allergic to
chemical materials, foods and drugs.
D. Skin Cancer
Skin cancer can be caused by skin exposure to sunlight
excessively and often attacks people wo has light
colored skin.
Skin cancer disease can be prevented by limiting the
period of skin struct by sunlight or by using sunscreening
lotion, etc.

DISEASES OF LIVER
A) Hepatitis is inflammation or swelling
liver. It is caused by virus, alcohol,
drugs, medicines and toxin. The
general symptoms of hepatitis are
having no appetite, fatigue, fever,
stiff, quesy, vomit and stomach pain.

B) Cirrhosis is a chronic liver disorder which

causes liver stripe, so the liver undergoes
malfunction. This conditition can make many
complex diseases, including fluid accumulation
in the abdomen (asites), blooding and
increasing liver blood vessel pressure.
C) Liver tumor
serveral kinds of tumor can be formed in the
liver. Serveral types of tumor are not
dangerous, e.g. Hemangioma, hepatic
adenomas, and focal nodular hyperplasia.
Beside, there is danger tumor, such as
hepatocellular carcinoma.