Power Quality Improvement in Grid connected

system using Four leg VSI

Abstract
This project presents a new method that
consists of a four leg inverter that is capable
of simultaneously compensating problems like
power factor, current imbalance and current
harmonics, and also of injecting the energy
generated by renewable energy power
sources. The fourth leg of inverter is used to
compensate the neutral current of load. The
grid interfacing inverter can thus be utilized
as: 1) power converter to inject power
generated from RES to the grid, and 2) shunt
APF to compensate current unbalance, load
current harmonics and load reactive power
demand. The inverter is actively controlled in

Existing method
The
existing
method
describes
passive filters have been used to
eliminate
line
current
harmonics.
However, they introduce resonance in
the power system and tend to be bulky.
So active power line conditioners
have become popular than passive
filters as it compensates the harmonics
and reactive power simultaneously.
The active power filter topology can
be connected in series or shunt and
combinations of both. Shunt active
filter is more popular than series active
filter because most of the industrial

Draw backs existing

Power
factor,
current
imbalance
and
current
harmonics,
The injecting the energy
generated
by
renewable
energy power sources with a
very high THD.
Decreasing the power quality
of the electric grid.

Proposed method
The proposed method describes new
method that consists of four leg VSI
that is capable of simultaneously
compensating problems like power
factor, current imbalance and current
harmonics, and also of injecting the
energy generated by renewable energy
power sources with a very low THD.
Even when there is no energy available
from the power source the Voltage
source inverter can still operate,
increasing the power quality of the
electric grid.

Schematic of Proposed Distributed

Generation system

It is assumed that a non-linear

unbalanced load consisting of a
three phase and single phase
diode rectifier is connected to a
three-phase balanced source
voltages.
The voltage source inverter is
a key element of a DG system as
it interfaces the renewable
energy source to the grid and
delivers the generated power.
The RES may be a DC source or
an AC source with rectifier
coupled to dc-link.

Active power filter (APF)

In a modern power system, increasing of loads
and

non-linear

equipment's

have

been

demanding the compensation of the disturbances

caused for them.
These nonlinear loads may cause poor power
factor and high degree of harmonics.
APF have the ability to adjust the amplitude of
the synthesized ac voltage of the inverters by
means of pulse width modulation or by control of
the dc-link voltage, thus drawing either leading or
lagging reactive power from the supply.

Distributed generation (DG)

Distributed energy, also on-site generation
(OSG) or district/decentralized energy is
generated or stored by a variety of small,
grid-connected devices referred to as
distributed energy resources (DER) or
distributed energy resource systems.
Conventional power stations, such as coalfired, gas and nuclear powered plants, as
well as hydroelectric dams and large-scale
solar power stations, are centralized and
often require electricity to be transmitted
over long distances. By contrast, DER
systems are decentralized, modular and
more flexible technologies, that are located
close to the load they serve, albeit having

Power quality (PQ)

Power qualitydetermines the fitness
ofelectric
powertoconsumerdevices.
Synchronization of the voltage frequency
and phase allowselectrical systemsto
function in their intended manner without
significant loss of performance or life.
The term is used to describe electric
power that drives anelectrical loadand the
load's ability to function properly. Without
the proper power, an electrical device may
malfunction, fail prematurely or not operate
at all. There are many ways in which
electric power can be of poor quality and
many more causes of such poor quality

The quality of electrical power

may be described as a set of
values of parameters, such as:
Continuity of service
Variation in voltage magnitude
Transientvoltages and currents
Harmoniccontent
in
the
waveforms for AC power

Renewable energy (RE)

Renewable energy is generally defined
as energy that is collected from
resources
which
are
naturally
replenished on a human timescale, such
as sunlight, wind, rain, tides, waves, and
geothermal heat.
Renewable energy often provides
energy
in
four
important
areas:
electricity generation, air and water
heating/cooling, transportation, and rural
(off-grid) energy services.
Renewable energy resources exist over
wide geographical areas, in contrast to
other
energy
sources,
which
are

Contd
Renewable energy resources exist over
wide geographical areas, in contrast to
other
energy
sources,
which
are
concentrated in a limited number of
countries.
Rapid deployment of renewable energy
andenergy
efficiencyis
resulting
in
significantenergy security,climate change
mitigation, and economic benefits.
The results of a recent review of the
literatureconcluded that asgreenhouse
gas(GHG) emitters begin to be held liable
for damages resulting from GHG emissions
resulting in climate change, a high value

Voltage source Inverter (VSI)

A variable-speed wind power conversion
system is used for illustration, where the
VSI-based interface needs to convert a
variable DC voltage to a nearly constant AC
voltage with high-quality power. The power
control principles of VSI are described.
It is shown that better utilization of
semiconductors and more flexible control
may be achieved by using a separately
controlled DC link, rather than a directly
connected VSI that has to operate at a
lower modulation ratio at higher power.
In
some
cases,
multiples
inverter
structures may be preferred, despite higher

Advantages
Power factor, current imbalance and
current harmonics,
The injecting the energy generated by
renewable energy power sources with a
very low THD.
Increasing the power quality of the
electric grid.
Usually there is a fast internal current
control loop, which regulates the grid
current.
an external voltage loop which
controls the DC-link voltage

Applications
Shunt active filter is more
popular than series active filter
because most of the industrial
applications
require
current
harmonics compensation.
The electrical grid will include a
very large
Number of small producers that
use renewable energy sources,
like
solar
panels
or
wind
generators.

ulink model of representation of designed sys

Expected results of grid voltages and current

Grid, Load and Inverter Neutral Currents

CONCLUSIONS
This project presented a control of an
Three phase Four leg grid interfacing
inverter improve the quality of power at
PCC for a 3 phase 4 wire system to inject
power generated from RES to PCC and to
improve the quality of power at PCC. Thus
the proposed controller precisely manages
any variation in real power at dc link and
effectively feeds it to the main grid. The
current harmonics caused by non linear
load connected at PCC are compensated
effectively such that the grid currents are
always maintained sinusoidal at unity
power factor. This approach thus eliminates
the need for additional power conditioning