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Frank Parsons: The father of the guidance movement, and credited with
being the first true counselor. He used a scientific process to help people
choose careers.
History of Counseling
The Vocational Guidance Movement (continued)
Anna Y. Reed and Eli Weaver: In the early 1900s they established
History of Counseling
The Mental Health Counseling Movement
Dorothea Dix: In the early 1800s, she advocated for the establishment of
Clifford Beers: Founded the Mental Hygiene Movement in the early 1900s
psychiatric clinic.
History of Counseling
The Mental Health Counseling Movement (continued)
Wilhelm Wundt: In the late 1870s, in Germany, he founded the first
History of Counseling
The Mental Health Counseling Movement (continued)
David Spence Hill: He organized the first guidance and counseling
intelligence.
History of Counseling
The Mental Health Counseling Movement (continued)
L. M. Terman: Revised the Binet-Simon test to be used in the United
Army Alpha and Beta Tests: These were used during WWI to help decide
History of Counseling
The Development of Professional Identity
E. G. Williamson: Developed what some consider to be the first theory
History of Counseling
The Development of Professional Identity (continued)
National Defense Education Act of 1958: This was the governments
WWII: Counselors were needed during WWII for testing and placement of
History of Counseling
The Development of Professional Identity (continued)
The National Institute of Mental Health: It provided training stipends for
doctoral students.
History of Counseling
The Influence of Federal Legislation
Great Depression: It inspired government-sponsored programs that
included counseling.
education.
History of Counseling
The Influence of Federal Legislation (continued)
1917: The Smith-Hughes Act created funding for a nationwide
1963: The Community Mental Health Centers Act created more than
History of Counseling
The Influence of Federal Legislation (continued)
1972: Title IX of the Education Amendments to the 1964 Civil Rights Act
1981: The Older American Act was enacted to improve the lives of those
faculty, businesses and employers to aid students transition into the world of
work.
History of Counseling
The Influence of Federal Legislation (continued)
1998: The Workforce Investment Act revamped all the job training
There are many more important acts and pieces of legislation and any
of the books used to make this presentation cover this area well.
History of Counseling
Association.
Development.