SANTIAGO CALATRAVA

BORN ON : 28 JUL 1951

NATIVE : VALENCIA,SPAIN
NATIONALITY : SPANISH
SECONDARY EDUCATION IN VALENCIA , SPAIN
ATTEND SCHOOL OF ARTS AND CRAFT
GRADUATED AS QUALIFIED ARCHITECT IN 1974 AT
ESCULELATENCIA SUPERIOR DE ARCHITECTURA DE VALENCIA
POST GTADUATE STUDIES IN URBANISM
DOCTRAITE IN TECHNICAL SCIENCE IN 1981,ZURICH
SWITZERLAND
MAJOR WORKS DONE IN SPAIN
HES ALSO A SCULPTURE, PAINTER,CIVIL & STRUCTURAL ENGINEER

IDEAS AND PHILOSOPHY

NATURAL ANALOGIES
GEOMETRICAL TRANSFORMATION SUCH AS STRECTCHING &
BENDING
MOVING STRUCTURES
ARCHITECTURE PRINCIPLES SUCH AS REPITATION,
SYMMETRY,RHYTM & PROPORTION

OPERA HOUSE IN CANARY

ISLAND(1997-2003)

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LOCATION : SANTA CRUZ DE TENERIFE,SPAIN

ARCHITECTURAL EXPRESSIONIST STYLE
AREA : 2300sq. M
HAS TWO OPENINGS ONE TO SEA & OTHER TO CITY
GIVES AN IMPRESSION OF ORGANIC MOVEMENT
AUDITORIUM DIVIDED INTO TWO CHAMBERS
MAIN HALL CROWNED BY DOME & ALSO HAS AMPHITHEATRE &
A STAGE WITH AN OPENING OF 16.5m & A DEPTH OF 14m
LOBBY ACCESSIBLE FROM TWO SIDES OF BUILDING
BUILDING LIT IN WHITE & YELLOW
HAS NO FACADE

STRUCTURAL SYSTEM : CONCRETE FRAME & CONCRETE RIBBED

ROOF
MAIN FEATURE IS THE ARCH THE ONLY ARCH SUPPORTED BY
ONLY TWO POINTS OF SUPPORT WHILE THE TIP APPEARS
SUSPENDED DEFYING
VAULTED INTERIORS
ROOF IS CONSTRUCTED FROM 2 INTERSECTING CONE SEGMENTS

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CONTAINS AN AUDITORIUM THAT SEATS 1800 & CHAMBER MUSIC

HALL WITH 400
SEATS
FOR ACOUSTICS PURPOSE WOOD PANELING IN INTERIOR
INNER SHELL OF CONCERT HALL IS 50m HIGH, IS PROPORTIONAL TO
BODY GENERATED BY ROTATING CURVE TO DESCRIBE ELLIPSE
EXTERIOR SURFACE DECORATED IN COLOURED BROKEN TILES
TOTAL HEIGHT 58m
WIDE ARCHES SPANNING OVER 50m
MATERIALS USED : CONCRETE, CLAD IN BASALT , VOLCANIC STONE

MILWAUNKEE ART MUSEUM

ESTABLISHED IN 1918
AN ADDITION WAS ADDED TO THE MILWAUKEE ART CENTER IN 1975
CALATRAVAS RESPONSE WAS TO DESIGN A GLOWING LANTERN ON THE DOW
LAKEFRONT, RADIATING LIGHT IN ALL DIRECTIONS . HE CHOSE TO EXECUTE
THROUGH A PAVILION FEATURING A VAST,GLASS-ENCLOSED RECEPTION HALL
TRANSPARENT, BOAT-LIKE PROW OF UNIQUE DESIGN, FACING THE LAKE
AND A HUGE, WING-LIKE SUNSCREEN
THE FIVE-LEVEL MILWAUKEE ART MUSEUM, INCLUDING THE FOUR-LEVEL CALAT

STEEL-AND-GLASS QUADRACCI PAVILION, WHICH WILL SERVE AS THE GRAND ENTRY

INTO THE EXPANDED MUSEUM, ERECTED OVER A CONCRETE RING BEAM IMMEDIATELY
SOUTH OF THE LOW-LYING GALLERIA

SEVENTEEN SPECIALLY BUILT A-FRAMES, RANGING IN LENGTH FROM 98 FEET

TO ABOUT 27 FEET

THE FIXED 'BUILDING SPINE' WILL TOP OFF THE A-FRAMES. ABOVE IT,
TWO ROTATING SPINES WILL SUPPORT THE MOVABLE WINGS OF THE
BRISE-SOLEIL, POSITIONED TO ADMIT OR KEEP OUT SUNLIGHT.

BUILDING COMPONENTS AND SYSTEM

THE FUNCTIONAL AREAS OF THE MAIN
BUILDING INCLUDE THE
PARKING GARAGE, THE GALLERY SPACE, THE
PAVILION (RING BEAM AND A-FRAMES) AND
THE SOUTH TERRACE
THE STRUCTURAL MATERIAL IS REINFORCED
CONCRETE.

THE PAVILION CONSTRUCTED OF

MILDLY-REINFORCED CONCRETE
AN OVAL TABLETOP THAT INCORPORATES
AN OPENING FOR THE ATRIUM AND IS
SUPPORTED
ON FOUR LEGS

THE PAVILION WAS MODELED

AS A TRUSS

FRAMING OF THE GLASS ATRIUM, AND BUILDING SPINE, RESTS ATOP THE
PAVILION AND BACK STAY BEAM
THE BUILDING SPINE IS CONSTRUCTED WITH A VARIABLE-DEPTH CHANNEL
CROSS-SECTION, WITH A NETWORK OF LEANING MEMBERS WITH BRACING
CONNECTED TO A SECOND GROUP OF VERTICAL MEMBERS.
THE MOVABLE BURKE BRISE-SOLEIL FEATURES TWO VERY LARGE WINGS,
EACH COMPOSED OF 36 STEEL RECTANGULAR TUBE

Cable-Stayed Pedestrian Bridge

TURNING TORSO
MALM

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 in 1999Calatrava was invited to design a

mixed-use residential tower
IT was planned to be exhibited in the
European Housing Expo 2001 (Bo01).
The project was envisioned as an
important part of the transformation
program of Malm's Western Harbor.
Given the opportunity to enhance and
enlarge a public area defined by the
intersection of two main roads.
Calatrava conceived his project as a freestanding sculptural element posed within
the cityscape.

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LOCATION
Lilla Varvsgatan 14, 211 15
Malm, Sweden
coordinates:
553648N 125835E

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FORM

The form of the tower is based on one of his sculpture, the

Turning Torso, where he abstract the form of human movement
into a stack of cubes positioned elegantly around a core.
In the original sculpture, seven cubes are set around a steel
support to produce a spiraling structural effect.
In the HSB Turning Torso, the building's form is composed of
nine box units, shaped like cubes with triangular tips.
Each unit houses five floors of about 2,000 square meters
(21,500 square feet) and are in fact the 'sub-buildings' of the
tower.
The tower's nucleus containing the internal elevators and stairs,
through which the units communicate is the equivalent of the
sculpture's steel support.
At 190 meters (623 square feet) high, the Turning Torso is the
tallest residential building in Sweden and the second tallest
residential building in Europe.

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KEY INFORMATION

Type

Architectural style
Construction

Height

started
Completed
Opening
Inaugurated

Commercial office
Rental apartments
Neo-Futurism
14 February 2001
27 August 2005
1 November 2005
27 August 2005

Roof

190 m (623 ft)Top

Floor

178.79 m (586.58 ft)

Floor count
Floor area

54
27,500 m2
(296,008 sq ft)
5

Technical details

Lifts/elevators

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"

DESIGN
Turning Torso is based on a sculpture by Calatrava,
called Twisting Torso, which is a white marble piece
based on the form of a twisting human being.
This is a solid immobile building constructed in
nine segments of five-story pentagons that twist
relative to each other as it rises.
the topmost segment is twisted 90 degrees
clockwise with respect to the ground floor.
Each floor consists of an irregular pentagonal
shape rotating around the vertical core, which is
supported by an exterior steel framework.
The two bottom segments are intended as office
space. Segments three to nine house 147
apartments.
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CONSTRUCTION
Construction started in the summer of 2001.
reason for building Turning Torso was to reestablish a recognizable skyline for Malm since
the removal in 2002 of the Kockums Crane
politicians deemed it important for the
inhabitants to have a new symbol for Malm in
the absence of the crane.
Prior to the construction of Turning Torso, the
86metre (282 ft) Kronprinsen had been the city's
tallest building.[7]

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Illustration of the general structure of the Turning Torso. (1) shows a

typical floor plan, where the grey circle denotes the core and
blue shapes denote the steel framework. (2) shows the way
the nine segments fit around the core, and (3) is a dimetric
projection of the tower.
|
V

The apartments
were initially supposed
to be sold, but
insufficient interest
resulted in the
apartments being let.

The construction
costs were almost
double the estimate

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BUILDING DETAIL
Units one and two contain 4000 square meters (43,000 square
feet) of office space.
Units three through nine contain 147 apartments, varying in size
from 45 to 190 square meters (484 to 2042 square feet),
summing to a total of 13,500 square meters (145,125 square
feet) of residential space.
Served by three elevators.
each residential floor accommodates one to five apartments with
all wet spaces (kitchen, bathroom) allocated near the nucleus.
The meeting rooms are allocated at the top of unit nine, on floors
53 and 54. Each of these meeting floors has two rooms and one
of the room can be divided.
The main load-bearing structure is a circular reinforced concrete
core, whose center corresponds exactly to the rotation center of
the floors.
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 The core's inner diameter is consistently at 10.6 meters (34.8

feet).
The thickness of the concrete is 2.5 meters (8.2 feet) at the
bottom and gradually tapers to 0.4 meter (1.3 feet) at the top.
The tower's elevator and the staircase are set inside the core,
which is a secondary structural element.
Strengthening and stiffening the core is a painted steel column
exterior truss standing apart from the main body of the building
like an external spine.
This spine is attached to each unit by large diagonal and
horizontal steel struts.
These elements connect the spine to a structural wall at the top
of the unit, transferring shearing forces to the concrete core.

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The spine itself is stabilized by pairs of smaller struts, which

connect it to each floor of the unit.
Floor slabs are made of cast-in-place reinforced concrete, built
into the structural core and are elastically supported by
inclined unit that has five flat slabs that are 27-centimeter-thick
(10.6 inches).
In addition, each unit has one cantilever conical slab with a
maximum thickness of 90 centimeters (35 inches) that
transfers the loads of the floor columns to the structural core.
The facade is made of approximately 2,800 curved aluminum
panels and 2,250 flat glass windows. There are some 300
panels in each unit.
Exterior of the Turning Torso features a black granite reflecting
pool and a granite entrance path. Granite is also used in some
places within the building, notably in the lobby.
A corridor located at first-floor connects the tower to a
secondary building, which contains the parking garage and
support services.

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SPECIAL FEATURES

The entire building is handicapped accessible and

features a highly advanced environmental design.
the engineering technique applied allows for an
extraordinarily efficient method of construction.
After the sub-basement was erected as a
conventional concrete work, the vertical circulation
nucleus and slabs were put up using a sliding
framework system.
The exterior steel structure was then attached,
using elements that were in-shop prefabricated. In
this way, despite its highly innovative and complex
design, the construction time was reduced
substantially.
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AWARDS
fib 2006 Award for Outstanding Concrete
Structures
MIPIM Award for the Turning Torso Tower
SBI Silver Beam Award for the Turning Torso Tower

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THANK YOU

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