Ttulo

Autor 1, Autor 2, Autor 3

INTRODUCCIN

RESULTADOS Y DISCUSION

METODOS

Texto con fuente entre 14 y 16 .

The development of an effective erosion control plan requires the

identification of areas vulnerable to soil erosion and the
quantification of soil losses from these areas. With this purpose
flow in the river channel.

Catchment

Area

Measurement time

Sediment load

Sediment yield

(ha)

(months)

(t)

(t ha-1 year-1)

Mapayacu

357

10535

39.8

Nudpud

3087

142

0.6

Turupamba

531

271

0.8

Jadan

29950

228876

11.5

Table 2. Sediment yield in monitored

subcatchments

In order to plan the forestation interventions adequately in function of

the objectives

CONCLUSIONES
Though the mean annual sediment yield seams to remain constant
(according to the batimetric databases), an important increase in
eroded area has been observed over the past 2 decades. This suggests
that some areas that produced considerable amounts of sediments
before nowadays have a contribution near to zero, and that, on the
other hand, new sediment producing areas has been activated. This
means that the increase rates of eroded areas established by UMACPA
can not be projected in a linear way. This also means that, apparently,
the beneficial effects of forestation and other control measures have
been countered by other processes contributing to sediment
production.
If we compare the projections from UMACPA with the recent
multitemporal analysis of Landsat imagery, we have to conclude that
the degraded area calculated by UMACPA includes eroded land with
some vegetation cover. While the eroded areas without vegetation
cover have been identified in the field as important sediment producing
areas, still an important contribution can be coming from areas with
vegetation cover.

Figure 1. Figuras con fuente 14

OBJETIVOS Y ALCANCE
The Paute river is transporting around 2.2 Hm of sediments per year
(Hidropaute, 2005). The main question in this context is: is it possible to
control the sediment load in the river system with human intervention? And if
so, which would be the appropriate measures to be undertaken? To give an
answer to these questions, it is necessary to understand:

TITULO 1 (depende del tema)

The estimates of mean annual sediment yield at the outlet of the Paute
catchment vary between 18 to 33 t/ha/year, lower values obtained from the
batimetric databases in the main reservoirs (Hidropaute, 2005) and area
based calculations (UMACPA, 1996) confirming higher values. The origin of
this sediment presents a great spatial and

Figure 3. Sediment yield in degraded areas with dikes

implemented

TITULO 4
The diagnosis of institutional reforestation initiatives over the past
five decades within the Paute catchment is based on semistructured interviews with representants and technicians of the
involved institutions as well as their counterparts, be it private
owners or local community organizations. From all

The mean annual sediment yield of 18 t/ha/year does not reflect at all
what small surfaces can produce on an annual basis (110-260
t/ha/year).This is an indicator of the extreme spatial variability in
sediment production.
Due to the great variability in pedoclimatologic conditions (Clleri et
al., 2006), basically due to the complex orography that characterizes
these mountainous areas, quite some difficulties rise when trying to
model and predict the sediment yield at catchment level or when
wanting to extrapolate established relationships between land use
changes and sediment yield at the level of small catchments. It is
crucial to establish reference scales when describing the sediment
production processes, in the spatial and temporal dimension.
Re- or Afforestation can contribute to the rehabilitation of degraded
slopes in the Andes with potential benefits for soil and water
conservation. With the knowledge of the right choice of species, a
stabile soil erosion control can be obtained. The success is however
very dependent on the tree species implemented, the plantation
methods, the management of the forest and the method of
exploitation. The presence of the forests will not only affect sediment
production but will also affect the water balance, affecting mean
annual discharge as well as peak flows and low flows. This might
compromise opposing objectives in water use, lowering the water
quantities available for energy generation and local consumption in dry
periods.

TITULO 2 (depende del tema)

In 1996, UMACPA established that 27% of the total surface of the Paute basin is being
affected by morphological dynamics of hydric nature and identified a annual rate variation
between 34 to 95 t/ha/year in the middle of the catchment. Additionally, they reported that
between 1981 and 1996 (14 years) the eroded surface within the Paute catchment
increased with 38% of its total surface, at a rate of 7 355 ha/ao. Projecting this rate to
the actual date, results a 50% eroded area of the total catchment surface.

LAND USE CLASES

1986

2002

Crops

6,4

11,8

Pasture

8,6

5,4

Crops or Pasture

1,7

4,1

Eroded area without vegetation

cover

1,2

6,6

Urban area

2,7

0,5

Eroded area or urban area

0,4

0,7

Woody vegetation

24,2

37,8

Pramo vegetation

19,1

28,2

Altitude crops

10,8

3,8

Lakes

0,3

0,4

Cloud cover

24,5

0,8

Total

100,0

100

Table 3
Main institutions active in decades

Table 4
Area forested over catchment

REFERENCIAS
Bruijnzeel L.A. 2004. Hydrological functions of tropical forests: not seeing the soil
for the trees? Agriculture, Ecosystems and Environment 104, p. 185228.
Buytaert, W., De Bivre, B., Wyseure, G., Deckers, J., 2004. The use of the linear
reservoir concept to quantify the impact of land use changes on the hydrology of
catchments in the Ecuadorian Andes. Hydrology and Earth System Sciences 8: 108114

Table 1. Tablas fuente 14

Clleri, R., Willems, P., Buytaert, W., Feyen, J., 2006. Space-time rainfall variability
in the Paute Basin, Ecuadorian Andes. Hydrological Processes. In press.
HIDROPAUTE. 2005. Informe del grado de sedimentacin del embalse Amaluza,
Batimetry No 45, May 2005.
Mora D. 2005. Actualizacin del conocimiento de la produccin de sedimentos a
diferentes escalas en la cuenca hidrogrfica del ro Paute. Master of Sciences
Dissertation Research, Universidad de Cuenca Ecuador.
Pacheco E. 2004. Equilibrio del proceso de transporte de sedimentos en crcavas y
torrentes intervenidos en la cuenca hidrogrfica del ro Paute. Master of Sciences
Dissertation Research, Universidad de Cuenca Ecuador.
UMACPA 1996. Informe del Estudio geomorfolgico de la dinmica de los procesos
erosivos y de sedimentacin en la cuenca del Ro Paute, Consultancy Report. Cuenca
Ecuador.
UMACPA 1993. Informe de proyecto de Manejo y Conservacin de la cuenca del ro
Paute, Consultancy Report. Cuenca Ecuador.
Vanacker V. 2002. Geomorphic response to human-induced environmental change
in tropical mountain areas. Department of Geography-Geology - K.U.Leuven,
Belgium. I: 16, III, IV, V
Wijffels A. and Tote C. (Ed.) 2006. Descripcin de los cambios en cobertura en las
cuencas del ro Paute y del ro Chanchan en los ltimos 20 aos en base al anlisis
de imgenes Landsat. Final Project Report, DIUC-Universidad de Cuenca -Ecuador.

Figure 2. Eroded areas without vegetation cover and woody vegetation

in 1986 (left) and 2002 (right), as a result of the interpretation of
Landsat imagery
Laboratorio de Hidrulica y Dinmica de Fluidos LH&DF
DEPARTAMENTO DE INGENIERA CIVIL
Universidad de Cuenca
Cuenca, Ecuador
www. ucuenca.edu.ec
2016