SDR Basic Theories

Internal Use

Course Objectives:
To master the structure of SDR base station
To understand the SDR modules
To understand the special features of SDR
To master the interfaces between BBU and RU/RRU

Internal Use

Contents
Basic Concepts of SDR
Structure of SDR Base Station
BBU
RU/RRU
Interfaces between BBU and RU/RRU
Special Functions of SDR Base Station

Evolution of Multi-Mode Base Station

G3 Multimode
Base Station - SDR
Different Base Station
systems
overlapped
TDM/ATM platform
Narrowband architecture
Low integration and high
consumption

G1 Multimode
Base Station

G2 Multimode
Base Station
Different Base Station Systems
Interchanged
3G BBU/RRU Interchangeable
IP/ATM architecture
Increasing integration

Traditional macro-Base
Station, ATM architecture,
12TRX cabinet

Shared broadband multi-carrier module

Shared uTCA BBU
Full-IP architecture and unified platform
Multi-system conversion for same frequency
software
Ultra-high integration and low consumption

ZTE macro-Base Station, IP

architecture, 18TRX cabinet

Unified Radio Resource

Management
System conversion for
adjacent frequency software
Integrated BSC function
MESH network Architecture

G4 Multimode
Base Station - Flat SDR

ZTE SDR, 36TRX cabinet

Innovative Base Station Platform

Unified multi-mode and multi-frequency band

Base Station hardware platform
TCA (Micro Telecommunication Computation
Applications)based BBU baseband
processing unit

Platform structure with separated baseband

and RF units
RF unit based on MCPA

WCDMA

CDMA2000
GSM

TD-SCDMA

LTE

Spectrum resource
optimization utilization

Network resource optimization

integration

Smooth wireless network

evolution

Optimal TCO solution

SDR Based Uni-RAN Solution Highlights

High Quality Base
Station Product
High Reliability
Networking
Unified O&M System
Powerful Network
Optimization Tools

Multi-Mode Base
Station and
Convergent Radio
Network Controller

Multi-band
Support Smooth
Evolution
EDGE Evolution
GSM->UMTS>LTE

Outdoor
Installation
Zero Footprint
Smaller Size
Lighter Weight
50% PA Efficiency
D-PT Technology
3 Sector RRU
Solution
Green Energy

SDR RRU Spectrum

Full Speed HSPA

64QAM HSPA+
MIMO HSPA+
DC+64QAM
HSPA+

Different BP boards

Refarming Capable
Multi-band Supported

Common
Components Shared

Future Oriented SDR Technology

Ensuring Multi-Mode Network Convergence

SDR
H

H+
W

Define

Software
Solution
Based on unified IP
platform with MCPA
Smart software supports
LTE evolution
Smart configuration
supports different systems

Convergence
Radio

Designed
New generation multi
mode base station
Same base station
supports different systems
Software upgrade supports
different evolutions

Refarming
Convergence, revolution
for traditional base station
Multi-mode
Multi-band
Flat network
Smooth evolution

What is SDR (1)

The software radio technologies defined by the SDR forum

are classified into five levels: HR, SCR, SDR, ISR and
USR.
HR hardware radio Tier0. For example, the traditional
single-mode base station.
SCRsoftware choose radio
Feature: Single-mode base transceiver stations of
different modes can be placed together, but they are
integrated in terms of software.

What is SDR (2)

SDR- Software Defined Radio: it means the software can be used to

select a demodulation mode, broadband signals or narrowband
signals. ZTE ZDR base station series leads the technologies in the
industry.
Feature: Different radio modes can share hardware, including RF front
end, ADC/DAC and base band processing.

What is SDR(3)

ISRIdeal software radio

Features: 1) get rid of the analog RF front end; 2) the whole system
can be controlled by programming except the antenna.
USRUltimate software radio
Features: 1) it has the function of the ISR; 2) the controlling software
should be standardized. Switch between different radio modes can be
finished within milliseconds.
The ISR cannot be widely used because the technology is not mature.

What is SDR(4)

SDR and cognitive

radio
Cognitive radio is an
important technology
of USR. It can
perceive the
surroundings, and
adjust the wireless
bandwidth and demodulation mode
accordingly.

SDR Base Station Key Features

ZTE SDR

Key Features
RRU

MCPA-based broadband Radio

BBU

Unit with multi-mode supported.

Sufficient output power of HPA

with lower power consumption.

MicroTCA structure Base Band

Unit with high reliability and
easy expansion.

Outdoor
Macro

High integrity & processing

capability; upgrade to HSPA+ via
software; minimum upgrade cost
to support LTE.

Indoor Macro

Broadband MCPA
Multi-Carrier PA

Single-Carrier PA
Combiner & Antenna

Duplex & Antenna

f1~f6)

PA1
PA1

f1

PA2
PA2

PA3
PA3

f2
TRX1
TRX1

f3
TRX2
TRX2

TRX3
TRX3

MCPA

PA4
PA4

f4
TRX4
TRX4

f1~f6)
MTRX

Digital IF Process

Digital IF Process

BBU

BBU

Interface

Interface

SDR design is based on MCPA at the same frequency;

MCPA provides flexible frequency optimization technology and better equipment integrity.

Internal Use

Contents
Basic Concepts of SDR
Structure of SDR Base Station
BBU
RU/RRU
Interfaces between BBU and RU/RRU
Special Functions of SDR Base Station

Internal Use

SDR technologies trigger the transformation of base

station structure

Significant feature of SDR software defines radio modes

1 The RF front end processes signals of

multiple radio modes

SDR technology
the system supports
multiple radio modes

2 Baseband processes signals of multiple

radio modes

3 Software integration to unify software

versions

The market drives the base station structure to

transform
A

Green base
station

Costeffective

BS
Structure

Wireless
integration,
IP technology

Full
compatibility

Internal Use

Internal Use

Structure of ZTE SDR base station

Support the distributed structure of BBU and RRU. For traditional base
stations, BBU and RRU should be in the same module.
Multi-mode base band pool BBU
Multi-mode RF platform
Adopt IP technology to process internal data stream of the base
station
OMC platformOMCR and OMCB
Unified software platform

The distributed structure of BBU and RRU and R&D on a unified

platform are the core of the SDR base stations. The new structure
meets the demand and technology required by the market.

Internal Use

Structure of Traditional Macro Base Station

Structure of Macro BS
TRM1
C
M
B

TRM2
TRM3

A
E

ANT

TRM18
PDM

ETM

FCM

The structure of traditional indoor macro base station

Internal Use

SDR Product Structure

The BBU and RRU/RU are seperated.

ANT

RRU/RU
BBU baseband pool

Multi-

Fiber
Resource

carrier PA
Duplex

Transceiver
Front end of Rx

control board

BBU
BBU
External power

PWS

220VAC

Internal Use

SDR Product Structure

Distributed base station: RF is distributed remotely

Internal Use

SDR Product Structure

Macro base station: BBU and RU are all in the cabinet, which is
different from the distributed base station in structure.

Advantage1 of SDR Structure Separated

BBU and RRU
In this mode, both BBU and RRU and
maximize their efficiency. BBU can achieve
the maximum integration, and RRU can
focus on the power of itself.
The networking is flexible if the RRU is
distributed remotely. For example, it can
support multi-carrier and indoor distributed
coverage.
BBU and RRU can be distributed flexibly,
which benefit for compatibility design.

Internal Use

Advantage2 of SDR Structure Baseband

Hardware Platform

Support multiple radio modes (GU)

Simple design
Powerful processing capability
Easy to manage
Easy to share resources
Cut cost
Easy for evolution of baseband technologies

Internal Use

Internal Use

Advantage3 of SDR Structure Independent

RF Unit

Simplified functions
Improved reliability, easy for maintenance
Improved the efficiency of the power amplifier
Optimized heat design, easy for integration
Closer to antenna, hence bigger power
Flexible forms of RU/RRU products
Help to reduce the size and weight of base stations
Cost-effective

Internal Use

Advantage4 of SDR Structure Unified Interface

of BBU and RU/RRU

The interface between BBU and RU/RRU is the exclusive

interface for communication between BBU and RU/RRU .
The interface between BBU and RU/RRU supports such radio
modes as GSM, WCDMA, TD-SCDMA, etc.
Support fiber interface and electrical interface
Support 1.2288Gbps and 2.4576Gbps rate
Support both star-type and link-type networking between BBU
and RU/RRU
Support RU/RRU cascade connection
RRU can be distributed remotely. BBU should keep 40 km away
from RRU.
GERAN evolvement has been taken into consideration in the
design of the interface between BBU and RU/RRU.

SDR Based Series Base Stations Family

Outdoor mini
ZXSDR BS8908

Outdoor micro
ZXSDR BS8906

RSU40
RSU60E

Indoor macro
ZXSDR BS8800

Radio Unit

Multi-Mode Supported
GSM/UMTS/HSPA+
GSM/LTE
UMTS/HSPA+/LTE
Multi-Band Supported
GU900M, GL1800M
UL2100M, L2600M

Baseband unit

Outdoor macro
ZXSDR BS8900A

RSU40
RSU60E
RSU82

B8200

RSU40
RSU60E
RSU82

Embedded indoor macro

R8840R8860E
R8880AR8882R8890

Long term TCO

Saving
50% HPA
technology
Smart carrier
Smooth Evolution
On/Of
64QAM HSPA+

Distributed macro
ZXSDR BS8700

MIMO HSPA+
LTE

Based on SDR hardware platform, all-IP and multiple

carriers capable
All base stations share the same components, higher
integration and less spares

Internal Use

ZTE GSM SDR Base Station Series (1)

Distributed base station BS8700

BS8700 consists of B8200 and R8860

B8200 powerful BBU, supporting 60 GSM carriers, and both GSM and
WCDMA
R8860 dual mode RRU, broadband transceiver
It supports GSM single-mode 6-carrier, or WCDMA single-mode 3-sector,
or supports both radio modes at the same time.
RF
CPRI
Um
ZXSDR BBU

Optical
fiber

MS
ZXSDR RRU

Internal Use

ZTE GSM SDR Base Station Series (2)

BS8800 Indoor SDR macro base station

BBU baseband unit; as B8200, BS8800 can at most contain two

BBUs.
RU02 radio unit of GSM; supports two GSM carriers; BS8800 cabinet
can contain 6 RU02 modules; its transmission power is 20W/40W.
RU60 GU dual mode RF unit. The core part is the same with that of
R8860. It supports 6 GSM carriers or 3 UMTS cells or GU dual-mode
configuration. Cabinet-top transmitting power is 60W.

RU80 GU dual mode RU unit. It is an upgraded version based on

RU60. Cabinet-top transmitting power is 80W.

Internal Use

ZTE GSM SDR Base Station Series (3)

BS8800 Indoor SDR macro base station

BS8800 is developed on ZTEs unified platform. The rack includes the

physical cabinet, PDM unit and FAN unit.

BBU and the RU modules all adopt 48V DC power supply.

All of the RU modules have the same size and outline.

The fan rotation speed can be adjusted by the software according to

different heat discharge requirements for different RU modules, thus to
lower down noises and achieve energy efficient.

BS8800 has been used in the products of the three radio modes, such
as GSM, CDMA and UMTS.

ZTE GSM SDR Base Station Series (4)

Internal Use

BS8900A Outdoor SDR macro base station

Internal Use

New Networking Mode1 of SDR Base Station

Internal Use

New Networking Mode2 of SDR Base Station

Fiber
GE/FE
ATM

R8860

RNC
Iu-x

Iub

Switch

NetNumen

iBSC

CN
Iub/Abis

Abis

A/Gb

B8200
RNC + iBSC

Internal Use

Software Architecture of SDR Base Station

Separated control plane and user plane

Separated OMCR and OMCB
Separated platform software and service software
GSM and UMTS are supported together.
Baseband pool flexibly allocates the corresponding relation
between the baseband processing unit and RF processing unit.
IP Abis interface, with SDR supporting IPoverE1, GE/FE, IP
protocol stack, VLAN.

Internal Use

Software Architecture of SDR Base Station

BBU Software (1)

Processes the protocols of user plane and control plane.

Completes the site configuration.
Downloads and saves versions from the upper-level NE.
Collects, processes and reports the alarms.
Processes the UL/DL baseband data.
Configures and monitors RU.

Internal Use

Software Architecture of SDR Base Station

RU Software

Status management
Version management
Fault management
Configuration management
Test management
Power measurement
LMT

Internal Use

Software Architecture of SDR Base Station

OMC Software (1)

Internal Use

Software Architecture of SDR Base Station

OMC Software (2)

OMCB is an operation and maintenance unit to manage NodeB in

3GPP. ZTEs SDR base stations support both radio modes of GSM
and WCDMA. Connection mode of the traditional base station: OMCR>BSC->BTS; Connection mode of the SDR: OMCB->BTS, OMCR>BSC->BTS.

According to the management mode of WCDMA, the board

management, configuration, software downloading and alarms are all
managed by OMCB. In case of the dual-mode, operation and
maintenance tasks of GSM are moved to OMCB, and OMCR manages
GSM related radio configuration and status management.

Internal Use

Software Architecture of SDR Base Station

OMC Software (3)

OMCR is connected to BTS through BSC, regardless the link status

between BSC and BTS. OMCR sends data to BSC, who then
synchronizes the data to BTS.

OMCB is different from OMCR. OMCB interacts with SDR through IP

links. The interaction between OMCB and SDR may pass or not pass
through BSC/RNC. OMCB and SDR confirm data transmission only,
and BSC/RNC needs not to make confirmation. Physically, OMCB can
interact with SDR through IP routes provided by BSC/RNC.

For dual-mode sites, some OMCB connects with BSC, and some
OMCB connects with RNC. BSC/RNC then connects with SDR through
IP transmission.

Internal Use

Software Architecture of SDR Base Station

OMC Software (4)

OMCB and OMCR can share the same server or board, but they are
two different programs and there is no direct interaction between them.
Hence, it is necessary to guarantee data consistent manually.
Theoretically, the basic board information is configured on OMCB, and
the logic information is configured on OMCR. If data are inconsistent
between them, we will take the data on OMCB as the reference data.
The main control board of the SDR will keep a copy of all configuration
data of the OMCB. Hence, the data takes effect directly when the SDR
starts, without direct interaction between the SDR and OMCB. Then,
the SDR creates a link to BSC and requests for radio parameters, and
BSC sends the data except configuration information of OMCB to the
SDR. Thus, a complete data configuration table is generated. That is a
theoretic process. In practice, it is necessary to modify the data
configuration. For example, modify radio parameters for expansion
projects. Data configuration of OMCB should be compatible with that
of OMCR, otherwise, the SDR cannot respond correctly.

Internal Use

Control Plane of SDR Platform

Abis interface: connect to iBSC by FE or E1

FE: direct transmission by IP directly. The protocol stack is shown in
the below figure on the left.
E1: transmission by IP Over E1. The protocol stack is shown in the
below figure on the right.

Internal Use

Media Plane of SDR Platform

The media plane supports transmission by the RTP protocol

The UBPG of SDR and the BIPB of iBSC process RTP data of the
user plane.
CC is responsible for forwarding messages inside the BBU and over
the Abis interface.

Internal Use

Contents
Basic Concepts of SDR
Structure of SDR Base Station
BBU
RU/RRU
Interfaces between BBU and RU/RRU
Special Functions of SDR Base Station

Base Band Unit ZXSDR B8200

Performance Index

Based on Unified MicroTCA

Platform

88.4m
m

197m
m

capacity
Multi-mode supporting
Rich
All-IP structure
interfaces
Low power consumption
Smooth

Interface
Interface Index
Index

evolution

Capacity:

UMTS: 30 CSs (6 CSs*5 BPs)

GSM: 60 TRXs (12 TRXs*5 BPs)

Base Band Processing Capability:

482.6
mm
Large

GU
GU

UL 1920 CEs/DL 1920 CEs

Data Processing Capability:

Downlink: 650Mbps

Uplink: 175Mbps

Typical Power Consumption (TPC) :

UMTS: 75W (6CSs), 110W (12 CSs)

GSM: 50W (12 TRXs), 65W (24

TRXs)

Power Supply: -48V DC

Temperature Range: -20 to + 55

Iub interface:
Iub interface:

88E1/T1
E1/T1(Expandable
(Expandableto
to16)
16)
11GE
optical
or
1*GE/FE
electrical
GE optical or 1*GE/FE electrical
2 STM-1
2 STM-1

CPRI interface:
CPRI interface:

12
12CPRI
CPRIoptical
opticalinterfaces
interfaces

Physical Index

Volume: 88.4 mm*482.6 mm*197 mm (H*W*D)

Weight: 8.75 kg (full configuration)

Internal Use

Hardware Boards

Control and clock module (CC)

Fabric switching module (FS)
Site alarm module (SA)
Baseband processing board (BPK/UBPG)
Fan array module (FA)
Power module (PM)
Backplane board (BB)

GU
GU

Modularize
d Design

PM

FS

SA

CC

BP

Fan

ZXSDR B8200 Boards & Performance

High
Reliability

Module Name

Shared by
GUL

Min/Max
Configuration

Comments

CC Board

1/2

B8200 control and

clock

FS Board

1/2

RU/RSU aggregation

BP Board

Separated

1/5

Slots for GSM, UMTS &

LTE

SA/SE Board

SA: 1/1, SE:0/1

Dry contacts & E1&T1

UES Board

0/1

Sync E & L2 Ethernet

Switch

TAM
Y
0/2
TMA control
GSM/UMTS/LTE share the main boards such as control boards
PM
Y
1/2
Power supply
and interface boards.
Internal fans for
FAM
Y
1/1
Configure
the baseband board according to the capacity
of
cooling

Internal Use

Hardware Interfaces

E1 : maximum 8 E1 T1
GE : 2 , 1 is optical/electronical, 1 is electronical
CPRI : 6 ports for 1 FS board, maximum 12 ports
GPS : 1
CPRI

E1

GPS

GE

GE

Control & Clock (CC) Board Introduction

Interface Name

GU
GU

Description

ETH0

Ethernet interface between BBU and BSC/RNC, adapting

interface of 10M/100M/1000M.

ETH1

Ethernet interface used for cascading, debugging or local

maintenance, adapting interface of 10M/100M/1000M.

TX/RX

Used for Ethernet interface connection between BTS and

BSC/RNC. This interface is 100M/1000M Ethernet optical
interface.

EXT

External communication port, connected to external receiver,

Mainly 485 interfaces.

REF

External connection GPS antenna, SMA(F) interface

GPS system clock & BITS clock & SyncE clock & interface recovery clock

Abis/Iub interface protocol processing

Ethernet switch function, providing switch plan for signaling and media

stream

System management

Internal Use

Hardware Function Module CC(1)

Integrate such functions as main control, clock, switching and the Iub/Abis
interface
Physically, the CC does not provide the E1/T1 interface. It connects E1/T1 to
the SA through the backplane of BBU, and the SA provides the E1/T1
interface.
Support the master/slave mode
Full IP transmission
CC0: It supports internal or external GPS, clock cascaded connection, and 16
E1 links. It does not support 2MBits clock.
CC2: It does not support internal or external GPS and clock cascaded
connection. It supports 2MBits clock and 8 E1 links.

Fabric Switch (FS) Board Introduction

Interface Name
TX0 RX0 TX5 RX5

Description
6 pairs optical interfaces,
connected to RRU

Fabric Switch Module

Baseband IQ data exchange

Provide interfaces between RRU and BBU

GU
GU

Internal Use

Hardware Function Module FS

It supports the master/slave mode and the load sharing function.

The slot for FS is also compatible for the baseband board.
6 1.25G CPRI optical ports, which support 36TRX (GSM) or 4CS
(WCDMA) each.
It does not support master/slave switchover.
For GU dual mode N+6M<=24 (N represents number of TRXs, and M
represents number of CSs)

Site Alarm/Site Extension (SA/SE) Board

Introduction

Interface
Name

Description
8 E1/T1 interfaces,
1 RS485interface,
1RS232 interface,
6+2 dry contacts ( 6 input interfaces, 2 input & output
interfaces )

Site Alarm Board/Site Alarm Extension Board (Optional)

Fan rate controlling

Site alarm monitoring and interface lightning protection for the

rack

Provide 6 input dry contacts, 2 input & output dry contacts

Provide 8 E1/T1 interfaces

GU
GU

Internal Use

Hardware Function Module SA/SE

Environment monitoring module
Fan monitor
SA: support 8 channels of E1/T1 signals, 1 RS232 serial port or
1 RS485 interface, 6 input dry contact alarm, and 2 doubledirectional dry contact alarm
SE: support 6 input dry contact alarm, and 2 double-directional
dry contact alarm (installed at Slot5 on BBU)

Baseband Processing (BP) Board

Introduction

G
G U
U

Universal Baseband Processing Board for GSM

(UBPG)

Maximum processing capacity is 12 TRXs

Universal Baseband Processing Board 2 for

GSM (UBPG2)

Another type of GSM baseband processing board

Providing the same functionalities as UBPG

Supporting 3 CPRI interfaces used for RRU remote

connection

Baseband Processing Board Type C (BPC)

Maximum processing capacity is 6 CSs

Maximum capacity: UL 192CEs/DL 192 CEs, UL 15Mbps/DL

60Mbps

Baseband Processing Board Type K (BPK)

Internal Use

Hardware Function Module UBPG

GSM baseband processing module
Responsible for baseband modulation. Downlink: processing up
to 12 carriers, speed adaption, channel coding and interleaving,
encryption; producing TDMA burst pulse, GMSK/8PSK
modulation; outputting IQ baseband digital signals; sending
power and frequency control information to RRU for processing.
Responsible for baseband modulation. Uplink: process up to 12
carriers; after receiving IQ baseband data from RRU, perform
diversity combination for the receiver, digital demodulation
(GMSK and 8PSK demodulation, balance), decryption, deinterleaving, channel decoding and speed adaption, and then
sends to the CC board through the Ethernet port.

Internal Use

Hardware Function Module FA

Fan monitoring module
Power supply, rotation control and status report
LEDs on the fan subrack

Power Module (PM) Board Introduction

Interface Name
MON
-48V/-48VRTN
ON/OFF

Description
Debugging interface, RS232 interface
-48V input
Power switch, turning on/off 12V power
to/from BBU

Power Module

16 internal interfaces for +12V load power

16 internal interfaces for +3.3V management power

Measurement and protection of inputing over-

voltage/under-voltage

Output over-current protection and load power

management

GU
GU

Internal Use

Hardware Function Module PM

A single PM provides 16 12V-power supply, which can meet the
power supply requirement of B8200 in full configuration.
Two PMs working in master/slave mode

Internal Use

Diagram of FS IQ switching

Internal Use

BBU Configuration Rules

Board

Configurations

Power module (PM)

1 PM is configured by default. Decide whether it is necessary to

configure 2 PMs according to the requirement for reliability and cost.

Site alarm module (SA)

1 SA is configured by default.

Control and clock module (CC)

1 CC is configured by default. Select either CC0 or CC2 according to

the clock and E1. Decide whether it is necessary to configure 2 CCs
according to the requirement for reliability and cost.

Fabric switch module (FS)

Generally, 1 FS is configured, and 2 FSs at most. The quantity

depends on site configuration.

Universal baseband
processing board for GSM
(UBPG)

The quantity depends on site configuration.

The slots are compatible for both the BPC and the UBPG.

Baseband processing board

type C (BPC)

The quantity depends on site configuration.

The slots are compatible for both the BPC and the UBPG.

Fan array module (FA)

1 FA only is configured

Site alarm extension board

(SE)

Optional, which depends on the quantity of dry contacts.

It is inserted at Slot 5.

Internal Use

Contents
Basic Concepts of SDR
Structure of SDR Base Station
BBU
RU/RRU
Interfaces between BBU and RU/RRU
Special Functions of SDR Base Station

Internal Use

Multi-carrier RU/RRU (1)

RU/RRU uses multi-carrier technology. IT

performs signal synthesis for multiple carriers. It
uses only one set of boards and PA, and one set
of antenna system. RU60 supports signal
synthesis for 6 carriers.

The RU/RRU module has only two external

antenna ports. It supports single-transmitting
and double receiving generally. If the cell has
over 6 carriers, one port should be reserved to
connect the other RU.

RU/RRU adopts broadband transceiver and

broadband power amplifier.

Internal Use

Multi-carrier RU/RRU (2)

RU/RRU is responsible for functions of the

baseband RF interface and the Uu/Um interface.

RU/RRU is responsible for access and radio link

transmission of UE/MS through the Uu/Um
interface, including RF processing,
modulation/demodulation, measurement and report,
power control, receiving diversity, correction,
synchronization, etc.

It connects to BBU through the optical interface by

the CPRI protocol. It implements the following
functions through the optical interface, such as IQ
data transmission, measurement report, RF function
configuration, clock synchronization, etc.

Internal Use

Multi-carrier RU/RRU (3)

Common RRU models:

R8840: 2100M UMTS single mode; cabinet-top transmitting

power: 60w, supporting 4CS (actually, 3CSs are configured to

meet the requirement of 20w/CS.)

R8860E: support 850M/900MGU dual-mode or 1800M/1900M
single mode. Cabinet top: 80w (GMSK); support 24TRX or 4CS
or 2W+2G or 1W+4G
R8880A: 2100M UMTS single mode; cabinet-top output power:
260w; support MIMO (2T2R) and 4CS
R8882: support 900M GU dual-mode and 1800M GSM singlemode; cabinet-top transmitting power: 260w; support MIMO
(2T2R)

Internal Use

Multi-carrier RU/RRU (4)

R8840: support -48VDC 110VAC 220VAC
R8860E: support -48VDC; not support AC power supply
R8880A: support -48VDC; not support AC power supply
R8882: support -48VDC; not support AC power supply

U
U

Radio Unit ZXSDR RSU40

Performance Index

1T2R

Capacity:

4 carriers

RXin
RXou 2
t

Max TOC:

ANT 1

60W

6 AISG

UMTS: -129.2dBm@dual

7 Power

antennas

4 DBG
5 MON

Receiving Sensitivity:

3 TX RX

Frequency band:

2100M/AWS

Interface Index

MCPA based, high PA efficiency

Supporting 4 UMTS carriers

Mature commercial application

2*1.25Gbps CPRI optical interfaces

2 Antenna interfaces

Physical Index
Physical Index

1 AISG interface

1 Frequency extension interface

Volume: 482 mm*88 mm*360 mm

Volume: 482 mm*88 mm*360 mm
(H*W*D)
(H*W*D)

Weight: 13 kg
Weight: 13 kg

GU
GU

Radio Unit ZXSDR RSU60E

Performance Index

1T2R

Capacity:

ANT 1

RXin
RXou 2
t

6TRXs/4Cs/4TRXs+1C/2TRXs+2Cs

Max TOC:

4 DBG
5 MON

80W

6 AISG

Receiving Sensitivity:

3 TX RX

7 Power

GSM : -113.5dBm@single

antenna

UMTS: -129.1dBm@dual

MCPA based, high PA efficiency

antennas

Supporting GU dual mode

Frequency band:

High output power

Interface
Index

850M/900M/180M0/1900M

2*1.25Gbps CPRI optical interfaces

2 Antenna interfaces

1 AISG interface

1 Frequency extension interface

Physical Index

Volume: 482 mm*88 mm*360 mm

(H*W*D)

Weight: 13 kg

GU
GU

Radio Unit ZXSDR RSU82

Performance Index

2T4R

Capacity:

ANT 1

Max TOC:

900M/1800M: 2*80W

2100M: 2*60W

UMTS: -129.2dBm@dual

antennas
Frequency Band:

6 Power

MCPA based, high PA efficiency

Supporting GU dual mode

Large capacity and easy expansion

One module supports 2 sectors or

Interface Index

MIMO

900M/1800M/2100M
2*2.5Gbps
CPRI optical interfaces

4*Antenna interfaces

1 AISG interface

MON

5 AISG

GSM: -113.5dBm@single

antenna

4 DBG

Receiving Sensitivity:

2 TX RX

2*(4TRXs+1C)/2*(2TRXs+2Cs)

Physical Index

Volume: 482 mm*72 mm*360 mm

(H*W*D)

Weight: 15 kg

Internal Use

RU/RRU Configuration Rules

RRU supports at most 4-level cascade connection. In practice,

however, it is suggested to adopt only 2-level cascaded connection
in networking.
For RRUs in cascaded connection, there is no limit to the position,
sequence, frequency band, and radio mode.
RRUs of different bands share neither antennas nor feeders.
If a backbone physical site (iron tower) is installed with over 3 sets of
RRU, it is necessary to configure 1 BBU nearby the iron tower.
If a backbone physical site (iron tower) is installed with both R8840
and R8860, it is necessary to configure 1 BBU nearby the iron tower.
If the physical site for hole coverage is configured with 1 2 sets of
RRU, it is suggested to connect the fiber from the nearest backbone
BBU, instead of from tower-top backbone RRU.
For multiple sets of RRUs sharing the iron tower, the isolation
between TX/Rx and RX must greater than 30dB.

Internal Use

Key Technique of Multi-carrier RU/RRU SRC

SRC (rate change) realizes the rate change between GSM
signal and UMTS signal: 270.833ksps<>3.84Mbcps
In the DL direction, the GSM signal is transformed to the UMTS
signal through SRC; in the UL direction, the broadband signal is
transformed to the GSM narrowband signal through SRC.
With SRC, the transceiver used at the RF front can receive and
transmit both GSM signal and UMTS signal in the mean time.

Internal Use

Key Technique of Multi-carrier RU/RRU DPD

DPD Digital Pre-distortion technique
Due to the non-linearity of PA, the output multi-carrier signal is
in serious inter-modulation distortion. Therefore, the predistortion linearity technique is needed to achieve the
broadband, multi-carrier, ultra-linearity, and highly-effective
power amplification.

Internal Use

Key Technique of Multi-carrier RU/RRU DPD

The pre-distortion processor pre-distorts the input signal,

making its distortion feature the opposite of that of the post nonlinearity power amplification. In this way, when the pre-distorted
signal is transmitted through the non-linearity power amplifier,
the distortion feature of the post non-linearity power
amplification offsets the pre-distortion feature. Therefore, the
final output signal is an equal linear power amplification of the
input signal.
Input signal

Del ay

Pre-distortion

Table address

Pre-distortion

generation module

param eter table

HPA

P re-distortion parameter

Feedback signal

self-adaption estimator

sample module

Output signal

Internal Use

Application of RSU60E & R8860E

RSU60E / R8860E uses the ADTR instead of the previous DTR.

Compared with RSU60 (80W) /R8860 (80W), they have the same
cabinet-top output power, but the working bandwidth and RF
indices are greatly improved. The bandwidth of a single module
can reach up to 20M.

From Oct. 1, 2010, ZTE stops delivering RSU60/R8860, and

deliver RSU60E and R8860E instead.

Internal Use

Contents
Basic Concepts of SDR
Structure of SDR Base Station
BBU
RU/RRU
Interfaces between BBU and RU/RRU
Special Functions of SDR Base Station

Internal Use

BBU and RU/RRU Interface Protocol Stack

RRU

APP

APP

FTP

CPP

CPP

FTP

TCP

UDP

UDP

TCP

BBU

IQ

IP

IP

MAC

MAC

IQ

LINK

LINK

PHY

PHY

FIBER

Internal Use

Optical Fiber Interface

Each FS board supports 6 fiber interfaces.

Each RU supports 2 fiber interfaces.

The fiber supports both star-type and link-type networking

For link-type networking, at most 4 RUs can be connected in

cascading mode.

BBU is at most 40 Km away from the RU.

Internal Use

CPRI Interface Configuration Rules

BBU is configured with commercial-level SFP: 1.25G/1310nm single mode

optical module with transmitting and receiving integrated

RSU is configured with industrial-level SFP: 1.25G/1310nm single mode

optical module with transmitting and receiving integrated

RRU has been configured SFP itself, so it is unnecessary to configure

additional SFP.

Fibers between BBU and RSU need not be configured separately. Number
of fibers to be delivered depends on the quantity of RSUs, and it will not
be configured on ECC.

CPRI of the BS8800 main cabinet uses the electrical interface and highspeed cables. That of both the main cabinet and the extension cabinet use
the optical interface.

Internal Use

Contents
Basic Concepts of SDR
Structure of SDR Base Station
BBU
RU/RRU
Interfaces between BBU and RU/RRU
Special Functions of SDR Base Station

Internal Use

High Integration

BBU supports 60 TRXs.

RU supports 6TRX/2TRX.

A fiber can support 24 TRX

Support smooth evolution to LTE and HSPA+

All IP transmission based structure

Support multi-band RRU

Internal Use

Flexible Structure

Support macro-base station

Support remote RU

Support both FE/GE and E1/T1

Support both indoor and outdoor requirements

Small volume and light weight

Energy efficient

Support evolution of the technology

Internal Use

New Functions

Baseband frequency hopping

Transmitting and receiving diversity

Combine multiple carriers

Applied for express railways

Internal Use

Cost-effective
Lower unit cost
Lower typical networking cost
Lower operation cost
Lower maintenance cost

Special SDR Function Baseband

Frequency Hopping
Basic concept (1)

Internal Use

Frequency hopping refers to that multiple frequencies are used

for radio transmission of a single speech/signaling/data link.
The transmission frequency keeps stable within the
transmission period of a burst pulse. For different burse pulses
of the same link, the transmission frequency may change. The
MS may be affected by the fading effect of some frequency on
the transmission path. GSM coding and inter-leaving
technology helps to minimize the impact of single-burst lost to
the voice quality.

Internal Use

Basic concept (2)

Baseband frequency hopping means that multiple

transmitters work on their respective frequencies, and
switch signals of different channels to different transmitters
to send them on the baseband, thus to achieve the
function of frequency hopping.

The function of frequency hopping is easy and feasible.

Because of limited number of TRXs, there are a just a few
frequencies available for frequency hopping.

Internal Use

Baseband Frequency Hopping Technology

For baseband frequency hopping, each RU has a fixed frequency. The

baseband board figures out the frequency of each timeslot over the
TDMA frame according to frame No. (FN), mobile allocation table
(MA), mobile allocation index offset (MAIO), and frequency hopping
serial No. (HSN). Then, the baseband board switches the data to the
corresponding RU according to the frequency, and receives uplink
data from the corresponding RU. The baseband frequency hopping
can be implemented by DSP, or FS or FPGA on the BP board. At
present, a DSP processes one frequency hopping group, which can
have 12 frequencies at most.

Internal Use

Special SDR Function MCUM

Multi-carrier Unite Combine (MCUM) is a product after 3G

OTSR is introduced into the GSM system.

To meet complex requirements for coverage and high-speed

moving, antennas are placed at multiple positions and multiple
angles to cover each single cell.

The SDR solves the problem about antenna extension and

repeaters by distributing the RRU remotely.

Downlink signals of multiple RRUs are same. The uplink perform

selective combination, that is, MCUM.

Internal Use

TRX and Carrier

Internal Use

Network Coverage of Express Railways

Cell
n

A
b
i
s

BBU
Cell
2

Cell
1

Internal Use

Technical Features

The downlink of multiple carriers are same signals.

TRXs of an RU should be processed on the same UBPG. A
UPBG can process 12 TRXs at most.
Uplink signals are combined selectively, which can improve
sensitivity.
Quantity of configured RUs increases.
Quantity of configured UBPGs increases.