DEPARTMENT OF ELECTRICAL

ENGINEERING
DELHI TECHNOLOGICAL
UNIVERSITY

VSC BASED HVDC SYSTEM

USING SPACE VECTOR PWM
BY: RAJAT RAJ SINGH
ROLL NO:2k15/PSY/12

INTRODUCTION:
The

necessity of HVDC technology arises to increase the

efficiency of the transmission in a power system, as in the
DC transmission line, the losses of equally rated lines are
lower compared to AC lines.
Two types of HVDC systems are used in this days namely
Classic HVDC, which is line commutated, and VSC-HVDC,
which is self-commutated.
Classic HVDC is a Current Source Converter topology (CSC)
where the direction of the current in the DC link does not
change.
For a VSC, the polarity of DC transmission system remains
unchanged in the case of reversal of power.
In contrast to Classic HVDC, which was introduced in the
1950s, VSC-HVDC is a relatively new technology . Even if
VSC-HVDC is less mature than Classic HVDC, the interest in
VSC-HVDC is increasing.

ADVANTAGES OF HVDC
Ability to transmit large amounts of power over long
distances
lower capital costs for long distance
lower losses than AC.
In a number of applications HVDC is more effective than AC
transmission.
1. Undersea cables, where high capacitance causes
additional AC losses.
2. Increasing the capacity of an existing power grid in
situations where additional wires are difficult or expensive
to install.
3. Allowing power transmission between unsynchronised AC
distribution systems.
4. Connecting remote generating plant to the distribution
grid, for example Nelson River Bipole.
Reducing line cost since HVDC transmission requires fewer
conductors (i.e. 2 conductors; one is positive another is
negative)

Increased stability of power systems

1. Because HVDC allows power transmission between
unsynchronised AC distribution systems,
2. it can help increase system stability, by preventing
cascading failures from propagating from one part of
a wider power transmission grid to another.
3. The magnitude and direction of power flow through a
DC link can be directly commanded,

The interest in VSC-HVDC is

increasing as it offers several
benefits including:
Flexibility and controllability of the power flow.
Multi terminal configurations.
Fast

response in case of disturbances.

Possibility to control the reactive power
(consumed or generated by the converter)
independently of the active power (to or from the
converter).
No risk of commutation failures in the converter.
Ability to connect to weak AC networks, or even
dead networks.
Faster response due to increased switching
frequency (PWM).
Minimal environmental impact.

DIAGRAM OF A HVDC TRANSMISSION

SYSTEM

REASONS FOR MOVING

TOWARDS HVDC
Recent

upgrades in power electronics

technology have lead to the improvements of
insulated gate bipolar transistor (IGBT) based
Voltage source converter High voltage direct
current (VSC HVDC) transmission systems.
These are also commercially known as HVDC
Light systems, which are popular in renewable,
micro grid, and electric power systems.
Out of different pulse width modulation (PWM)
schemes, Space vector PWM (SVPWM) control
scheme finds growing importance in power
system applications because of its better dc bus
utilization.

SPACE VECTOR PULSE WIDTH

MODULATION
Space

Vector Modulation (SVM) was

originally developed as vector approach to
Pulse Width Modulation (PWM) for three
phase inverters.
It is a more sophisticated technique for
generating sine wave that provides a
higher voltage to the motor with lower total
harmonic distortion.
The main aim of any modulation technique
is to obtain variable output having a
maximum fundamental component with
minimum harmonics.

Space

Vector PWM (SVPWM)

method is an advanced;
computation intensive PWM
method and possibly the best
techniques for variable frequency
drive application.

SPACE VECTOR CONCEPT

The

space vector concept, which is derived

from the rotating field of induction motor, is
used for modulating the inverter output
voltage.
In this modulation technique the three phase
quantities can be transformed to their
equivalent two-phase quantity either in
synchronously rotating frame (or) stationary
frame.
From these two-phase components, the
reference vector magnitude can be found
and used for modulating the inverter output.

The

process of obtaining the rotating

space vector is explained in the
following section, considering the
stationary reference frame.
Considering the stationary reference
frame let the three-phase sinusoidal
voltage component be,

Va =

VmSint (1)

Vb =

VmSin(t-2/3) (2)

Vc =

VmSin(t-4/3) (3)

To

implement the space vector

PWM, the voltage the stationary
dq reference frame that consists
of the horizontal (d) and vertical
(q) axes as depicted in Figure.
Fdq0 = Ksfabc(4)

The

relationship of abc reference

frame and stationary dq
reference frame.

denotes either a voltage or a current variable.

As described in Figure. This transformation is
equivalent to an orthogonal projection of [a b c] t
onto the two-dimensional perpendicular to the
vector [1 1 1]t (the equivalent d-q plane) in a
three-dimensional coordinate system.
As a result, six non-zero vectors and two zero
vectors are possible. Six non-zero vectors (V 1-V6)
shape the axes of a hexagonal as depicted in
Figure, and supplies power to the load.
The angle between any adjacent two non-zero
vectors is 60 degrees. Meanwhile, two zero
vectors (V0 and V7) and are at the origin and
apply zero voltage to the load.

 The eight vectors are called the basic

space vectors and are denoted by (V 0,

V1, V2, V3, V4, V5, V6, V7).
The same transformation can be applied
to the desired output voltage to get the
desired reference voltage vector,V ref in
the d-q plane.
The objective of SVPWM technique is to
approximate the reference voltage
vector Vref using the eight switching
patterns.

One

simple method of
approximation is to generate the
average output of the inverter in
a small period T to be the same
as that of Vref in the same period

Basic switching, vectors and

sectors

SWITCHING STATES

REFERENCES

[1] Weimers, L. "A New Technology for a Better Environment,"

Power Engineering Review, IEEE, vol. 18, issue 8, Aug. 1998.

[2] Schettler F., Huang H., and Christl N. "HVDC transmission

systems using voltage source converters design and applications,"
IEEE Power Engineering Society Summer Meeting, July 2000.

[3] Lindberg, Anders "PWM and control of two and three level high
power voltage source converters," Licentiate thesis, ISSN-11001615, TRITA-EHE 9501, The Royal Institute of Technology, Sweden,
1995.

[4] Sadaba, Alonso, O., P. Sanchis Gurpide, J. Lopez Tanerna, I.

Munoz Morales, L. Marroyo Palomo, "Voltage Harmonics Generated
by 3-Level Converters Using PWM Natural Sampling," Power
Electronics Specialist Conference, 2001, IEEE 32nd Annual, 1721
June 2001, vol. 3, pp. 15611565.

[5] Lu, Weixing, Boon-Teck Ooi, "Optimal Acquisition and

Aggregation of Offshore wind Power by Multiterminal Voltage-Source
HVDC," IEEE Trans. Power Delivery, vol. 18, pp. 201206, Jan. 2003.

THANK
YOU