Convention on

International Trade in
Endangered Species of
Wild Fauna and Flora
(CITES)
Presented
by:
Joan Cera
Eileen

CITES

Signed on March 3, 1973

Effectivity: July 1, 1975
Secretary General: John Scanlon
AIM: to ensure that international
trade in specimens of wild animals
and plants does not threaten the
survival of the species in the wild

Definitions
Species means any species, sub
species, or geographically separate
population thereof
Specimen means any animal or
plant
Trade means export, re-export,
import and introduction from the sea
Re-export means export of any
specimen that has previously been
imported

Definitions
Introduction from the sea means
transportation into a State of
specimens of any species which were
taken in the marine environment not
under the jurisdiction of any State
Scientific Authority
Management Authority

Fundamental Principles
Appendix I

Appendix II

Appendix III

all species
all species which shall include all
threatened with
although not
species which
extinction which
necessarily now
any Party
are or may b e
threatened with
identifies as
affected by
extinction may
being subject to
trade.
become so
regulation within
unless trade in
its jurisdiction for
Trade in
specimens of
specimens of
the purpose of
these species
such species is
preventing or
must be subject
subject to strict
restricting
to particularly
regulation in
exploitation, and
strict regulation
order to avoid
as needing the
in order not to
utilization
cooperation of
endanger further
incompatible with
other parties in
their survival and
their survival
the control of
must only be
trade.
authorize d in

Regulation of Trade in Specimens

of Species included in Appendix I

EXPORTATION

IMPORTATION

Permits shall be granted only when:

(a) such export will not be
detrimental to the survival of
that species;
(b) specimen was not
obtained in contravention of
the laws of that State for the
protection of fauna and flora;

(a) the import will be for

purposes which are not
detrimental to the survival of
the species involved;
(b) the proposed recipient of a
living specimen is suitably
equipped to house and care
for it; and

(c) any living specimen will be

so prepared and shipped as to (c) the specimen is not to be
minimize the risk of injury,
used for primarily commercial
damage to health or cruel
purposes.
treatment; and
(d) an import permit has been
granted for the specimen in
the State of the export.

RE-EXPORTATION

INTRODUCTION FROM THE

SEA

Certificates shall be granted only when:

(a) the specimen was

imported into that State
in accordance with the
provisions of the present
Convention;
(b) any living specimen
will be so prepared and
shipped as to minimize
the risk of injury,
damage to health or
cruel treatment; and
(c) an import permit has

(a) the introduction will

not be detrimental to the
survival of the species
involved;
(b) the proposed
recipient of a living
specimen is suitably
equipped to house and
care for it; and
(c) the specimen is not to
be use d for primarily
commercial purposes.

Regulation of Trade in Specimens

of Species included in Appendix II

EXPORTATION
IMPORTATION
Permit shall be granted only when:
(a) such export will not be
The import of any specimen
detrimental to the survival of a species included in
of that species;
Appendix II shall require the
prior presentation of either
(b) the specimen was not
an export permit or a reobtained in contravention
export certificate
of the laws of that State for
the protection of fauna and
flora; and
(c) any living specimen will
be so prepared and shipped
a s to minimize the risk of
injury, damage to health or
cruel treatment.

RE-EXPORTATION

INTRODUCTION FROM
THE SEA
Certificate shall be granted only when:
(a) The specimen was
(a) the introduction will
imported into in
not be detrimental to the
accordance with the
survival of the species
provisions of the present involved; and
Convention; and
(b) any living specimen
(b) any living specimen
will be so handled as to
will be so prepared and
minimize the risk of
shipped as to minimize
injury, da mage to health
the risk of injury,
or cruel treatment.
damage to health or
cruel treatment.

Some species included in Appendix

III

Regulation of Trade in Specimens

of Species Included in Appendix III
EXPORTATION
There must be a prior grant and presentation of an
export permit
Requisites for the grant of export permit:
1) The specimen was not obtained in contravention of
the laws of the State for the protection of fauna and
flora; and
2) Any living specimen will be so prepared and shipped
as to minimize the risk of injury, damage to health
or cruel treatment.

IMPORTATION
There must be a prior presentation of a certificate
of origin and, where the import is from a State
which has included that species in Appendix III, an
export permit
RE-EXPORTATION
There must be a presentation of a certificate
stating that he specimen was processed in that
State or is being re-exported in compliance
with the provisions of the Convention in
respect of the specimen concerned.

Permits and Certificates

An export permit may only be used for export
within a period of six months from the date on
which it was granted.
A separate permit or certificate shall be
required for each consignment of
specimens.
A Management Authority of the State of import
of any specimen shall cancel and retain the
export permit or re-export certificate and
any corresponding import permit presented in
respect of the import of that specimen.

Exemptions from the provisions of

Articles III, IV and V
transit or transshipment of specimens
through or in the territory of a Party while
the specimens remain in Customs control

specimen acquired before the

provisions of the present
Convention applied to that
specimen

 specimens that are personal or household

effects but do not include the following:
a) specimens of species included in Appendix I
acquired by the owner outside his State of
usual residence, and are being imported into
that State
b) specimens of species included in Appendix II
acquired by the owner outside his State of
usual residence from a State where removal
from the wild occurred requires the prior grant
of export permits before any export of such
specimens and such specimens are
beingimported into the owners usual
residence

 non-commercial loan,
donation or exchange
between scientists or
scientific institutions
registered by a
Management Authority of
their State, of herbarium
specimens, other
preserved, dried or
embedded museum
specimens, and live
plant material which
carry a label issued or
approved by a
Management Authority.

Special Provisions Relating to

Trade
A certificate issued by the
Management Authority
stating that a specimen of an
animal species was bred in
captivity or any specimen of
a plant species was
artificially propagated, or
is a part of such an animal or
plant or was derived
therefrom, shall be accepted
in lieu of any of the
permits or certificates
required under the provisions
of Article III, IV or V.

 The Management Authority may allow the

movement without permits or certificates of
specimens which form part of a travelling
zoo, circus, menagerie, plant exhibition or
other travelling exhibition provided that:
a) exporter or importer registers
full details of such specimens
with said Authority;
b) specimens of species was
acquired before the
provisions of the present
Convention applied to that
specimen or was either bred
in captivity (animals) or
artificially propagated
(plants); and
c) any living specimen will be so
transported and cared for as to

Measures To Be Taken by
Parties
Enforce the provisions of the present Convention and
prohibit trade in specimens in violation thereof,
which may include measures to:
(a) Penalize trade in, or possession of, such
specimens, or both; and
(b) Provide for the confiscation or return to the State
of export of such specimens.
Designate ports of exit and entry at which specimens
must be presented for clearance
Ensure that all living specimens, during any period of
transit, holding, or shipment are properly cared for

 Where a living specimen is confiscated:

a) the specimen shall be entrusted to the
Management Authority
b) the Management Authority shall, after
consultation with the State of export, return
the specimen to that State at the expense of
that State, or to a rescue centre
) Maintain records of trade in specimens of
species
) Prepare periodic reports on its implementation
of the present Convention to be transmitted to
the Secretariat

Trade with Non-party

States
Comparable documentation
issued by the competent authorities
in the Non-party State which
substantially conforms with the
requirements of the present
Convention for permits and
certificates may be accepted in lieu
thereof by any Party.

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