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AR6611

BUILDING SERVICES - III

Unit 1
AIR CONDITIONING: BASIC REFRIGERATION PRINCIPLES

CONTENT

Part 1 lecture :

Part 2 lecture :

Thermodynamics Heat Temperature Latent heat of


fusion evaporation, saturation temperature, pressure
temperature relationship for liquid refrigerants.

condensate cycle, air cycle, chilled water cycle and


cooling water cycle vapor compression cycle
compressors evaporators Refrigerant control
devices electric motors Air handling Units
cooling towers.

vapor compression cycle

Part 2

vapor compression cycle

Thecompressora machine that increases


the pressure of a gas or vapor (typically
air), or mixture of gases and vapors
compresses the ammonia gas. It is located
on the outside of the refrigerator or
system. The compressed gas heats up as it
is pressurized.

Thecoilson the back of the refrigerator


let the hot ammonia gas dissipate its heat.
The ammonia gas condenses into ammonia
liquid at high pressure.

The high-pressure ammonia liquid flows


through theexpansion valve. The expansion
valve regulates the flow and meters the
systems. On one side of the valve is highpressure ammonia liquid. On the other side
of the hole is a low-pressure area (because
the compressor is sucking gas out of that
side).

The liquid ammonia immediately boils and


vaporizes. This makes the inside of the
refrigerator cold.

The cold ammonia gas is sucked up by


thecompressor, and the cycle repeats.

Part 2

vapor compression cycle

The air conditioner system works just like


refrigeration system.

Here is a window air conditioner.

You can see that the evaporator is located


on the inside and works just the same with
the compressor on the inside, turning hot
air into cool.

Part 2

Basic Refrigeration Cycle

Part 2

Compressors

Heart of the system, belt


driven pump that fastened to
engine.
Responsible for compressing
and transferring refrigerant.
Advantages:
Very
high
volumetric
efficiency (almost 98%)

Lesser Noise and lighter


compared to rotary compressor.

Part 2

Condenser

Responsible
for
heat
dissipation. The condenser is
designed to radiate heat.
Located in front of the
radiator. Require
good air
flow
when
system
is
in
operation
Plate
fin
type
heat
exchanger with micro channels
used. Very compact and better
heat transfer capability.
Hot compressed refrigerant
vapour
cools
at
constant
pressure to liquid.

Part 2

Evaporators

Heat absorption component.

Used remove heat from the


inside of vehicle.

Secondary
benefit
dehumidification.

Unconditioned
air
passes
through
a
filter
before
entering the evaporator.

Plate-fin evaporator
micro channels used.

Part 2

with

Air handling Units

Typical AHU components:


1.Supply duct
2. Fan compartment
3. Flexible connection
4. Heating and/or cooling coil
5. Filter compartment
6. Return and fresh air duct

Part 2

Air handling Units

part of an HVAC system


Device used to condition and
circulate air
Large metal box containing a
blower, heating or cooling
elements, filter, and sound
attenuators.
Connects to ductwork that
distributes the conditioned
air through the building and
returns it to the AHU

Part 2

Air handling Units

May need to supply heating,


cooling, or both
A furnace generates heat
Fuel oil or natural gas
Electric heating
elements

A refrigeration system
absorbs heat
Air conditioner
Heat pump

Part 2

Air handling Units

Part 2

Air handling Units

Part 2

Cooling tower

Part 2

Cooling tower

Part 2

Cooling tower

Part 2

Cooling tower

Part 2

Cooling tower

Part 2

Unit 2
AIR CONDITIONING: SYSTEMS AND APPLICATIONS

CONTENT

Part 1 lecture :

Part 2 lecture :

a). Air conditioning system for small buildings window types,


evaporative cooler, packaged terminal units and through the
wall units split system

b). Case for Central Plant DX system Chilled Water


System Air Cooled and Water Cooled condensers Air
Distribution system VAV & VRV Systems Low temperature
applications - Configuring/ sizing of mechanical equipment,
equipment spaces and sizes for chiller plant, cooling tower,
Fan room, Circulation Pumps, Pipes, ducts case studies.

Air conditioning system for small buildings

Part 1 lecture :

Air conditioning system for small buildings

Part 1 lecture :

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