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Substantive
Testing of
Transactions,
Account
Balances, and
Disclosures
Big concept
How auditors use substantive procedure to
test that transactions, processed, and
controlled by accounting and control
systems, are genuine, accurate and
complete.
Substantive
Procedure
[?]
Why Substantive
Test should always
be performed
Judgmental
and may
not be
sufficiently
precise
Inherent
limitations
to internal
control
Substantive Procedure
Test of Details of
transactions and of
balances
Substantive Analytical
Procedure
Analytical procedures
consist of the analysis of
significant ratios and
trends including the
resulting investigation of
fluctuations and
relationships that are
inconsistent with other
relevant information or
deviate from predicted
amounts.
Analytical Procedure
Reasonablenes
Testing
Statistical Analysis
Ratio Analysis
Trend Analysis
Data Mining
Generalized
Audit
Software
Specific
Industries
Statistical
Analysis
Software
Expert
System
Software
3.
Statistical
Analysis
Software
Paragrap
h A16
of
ISA 330
Cost of
developmen
t
Time
consuming
Can be
economical
in audit
resources
Useful for
interrogati
Only related
ng data
to
to
efficiency,
not
effectivenes
Difficult
to
assess
the
likelihoo
d of
error
CAATs Examples
Inventories & production
costs
1. Listing material changes in
standard costs from
previous year of period
2. Comparing finished
inventory records with
sales data
3. Identifying obsolete
inventory by calculating
inventory turnover
statistics
4. Identifying abnormal
usage or costs
5. Testing overhead cost
allocation
Etc...
4.
Expert
Systems
VALUE
ADDED
TAX
Clear
rules
Questions
Answered
by
computer
programs
Prepare
reports
Essentially,
Expert systems make expertise
available to persons who are
not experts themselves.
Directional
Testing
Understateme
nt
Overstateme
Credi
t
Items
Debit
Item
s
Example
Trade receivables (1,375,000) overstated
Sales (2,500,000) understated
Testing programs:
Test sales orders for completeness
Select a representative sample of orders and vouch to
sales delivery notes
Test sales delivery notes for completeness
Select a representative sample of sales delivery notes
Perform a sequence test on sales invoices
Check inventory movement records to the delivery
notes and sales
Objective: to ascertain that sales invoices have properly
raised for all goods dispatched.
Test of details
Credits
Debits
Examin
e
Chec
k
Write
Test
Substantive Audit
Programs for
Wages
Payrolls
Regarded as a low-risk area
Auditors tend to carry out limited tests of
control or substantive tests of detail
Frauds often occur in this area
Substantive
Audit
Programmes
for Cash and
Bank Balances
Hotel
Industry
Cash control is particularly
important in the hotel industry
because of number of cash
points where cash and cheques
Tujuan audit:
menguji apakah kas
sebagai aset benarbenar dijaga.
Asersi apa saja yang
dilihat:
a. Complete and
accurate recording
b. Proper
safeguarding of
cash
Bank Balance
Untuk men-cek bank balance, auditor dapat
melakukan external confirmation kepada bank.
Biasanya tiap kantor akutnan publik memiliki
template nya masing-masing
Jika terjadi perbedaan, dapat dilakukan
rekonsiliasi bank.
Communication of
Audit Matters to
Those Charged
with Governance
(Management
Letter)
TCWG
(Those Charged with Governance)
Orang atau organisasi seperti corporate trustee
/ wali amanah korporasi dengan tanggung
jawab pengawasan umum atas arahan
strategis
entitas
dan
kewajiban
yang
berkenaan
dengan
akuntabilitas
entitas.
TCWG juga terdiri atas personalia manajemen
seperti
anggota
eksekutif
dari
dewan
governance di sektor privat maupun publik
atau seorang pemiliki yang menjadi manajer
ISA 260.9
Menetapkan
Tujuan Auditor
ISA 260.14
Komunikasi
mengenai
tanggung
jawab
ISA 265.9
Auditor wajib
mengomunikasikan
secara tertulis
kepada TCWG
tentang kelemahan
signifikan dalam
pengendalian
internal yang
ditemuwkan selama
audit secara tepat
waktu
ISA 450.12
dan 450.13
Auditor wajib
mengomunikasikan kepada
TCWG salah saji yang tidak
dikoreksi dan dampaknya,
atas opini dalam laporan
auditor. Auditor wajib
meminta agar salah saji yang
tidak dikoreksi, dibetulkan
Auditor juga wajib
mengomunikasikan dampak
saji yang tidak dikoreksi yang
berkaitan dengan periode lalu
terhadap jenis transaksi,
saldo akun, dan laporan
keuangan secara keseluruhan
Audit
Management
with The
Computer
Thanks
!