HVAC Systems Primary Functions

Temperature Control
Cooling
Heating

Humidity Control
Humidification
Dehumidification

Air Quality Control

Ventilation
Cleaning
Mechanical Engineering Department

HVAC Systems Energy Considerations

Typical Energy Use in a Commercial Building

Mechanical Engineering Department

HVAC Systems

Efficient Use of Energy Requirements

Optimum Energy Designs

Well-Developed Energy Use Policies
Dedicated Management backed up by
Properly Trained and Motivated Operating Staff

Mechanical Engineering Department

HVAC Systems

Minimum Guidelines in Energy

Conservation, Design and Operation
ASHRAE Standard 90.1-1989, Energy Efficient Design of New
Buildings Except Low-Rise Residential Buildings
ASHRAE Standard 100, Energy Conservation in Existing Buildings

Mechanical Engineering Department

HVAC Systems

Typical Building Design Heat Losses or Gains

Mechanical Engineering Department

HVAC Systems
Some Relevant Energy/Emissions Statistics
Buildings account for:
36% of all the energy
66 % of all the electricity
used in the US
Emissions related to building energy use account for:
35% of CO2 emissions
47 % of SO2 emissions
22% of NOx emissions

Mechanical Engineering Department

HVAC Systems

Annual Energy Use Per Unit Floor Area

Mechanical Engineering Department

HVAC Systems

Capital Cost Estimating Factors

Mechanical Engineering Department

HVAC Systems
Schematic of a Typical Commercial Air-Conditioning System

Mechanical Engineering Department

HVAC Systems
Elementary Air Temperature Control System

Mechanical Engineering Department

HVAC Systems
Air Handler and Associated Controls for Simple Constant-Volume,
Single-Duct All-Air System

Mechanical Engineering Department

HVAC Systems
Schematic of a Blow-Through Air Handler With Hot and Cold Decks
and Zone Dampers

Mechanical Engineering Department

HVAC Systems
Simplified Control Schematic for a Constant-Volume reheat System

Mechanical Engineering Department

HVAC Systems

Simplified Control Schematic of a Single-Duct VAV System

Mechanical Engineering Department

HVAC Systems

Simplified Control Schematic of a Dual-Duct System

Mechanical Engineering Department

HVAC Systems

Multi-Zone System With Hot

and Cold Plenum Reset

Mechanical Engineering Department

HVAC Systems
Air-Water Induction Unit

From Central A/C Unit

Typically installed at
perimeter wall under
window or overhead

Hot or Chilled Water

Mechanical Engineering Department

HVAC Systems
Typical Fan-Coil Unit

Air-Conditioned Air

Mechanical Engineering Department

Chilled Water or Brine/

Hot Water or Steam or
Electric Heater

Recycles Room Air, Cheapest Perimeter

System, Ventilation Provided Separately

HVAC Systems

Typical Air-Conditioning
Ventilator with Separate Coils

Mechanical Engineering Department

HVAC Systems
Schematic View of a Room Air-Conditioner

Mechanical Engineering Department