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The Prosecution
December 8, 1896
100
first
and
second
lieutenants in the Spanish
Army was presented to Rizal.
Rizal chose Lt. Taviel de
Andrade be his defense, he
was
the
brother
of
JoseTaviel
de
Andrade,
Rizals previous bodyguard
in Calamba in 1887
The Prosecution
December 11, 1896
the information of
charges was formally
read to Rizal in his
prison cell, with his
counsel present
The Prosecution
Charges to the Accused:
the principal organizer
and the living soul of the
Filipino insurrection, the
founder of societies,
periodicals, and books
dedicated to fomenting
and propagating ideas of
rebellion.
The Prosecution
December 15, 1896
Rizal wrote the Manifesto to
His People in his prison cell at
Fort Santiago, appealing to
them to stop the necessary
shedding of blood and to
inform the people that he
condemned
the
rebellion
because he wanted their
liberties to be attained through
education and industry
The Prosecution
December 15, 1896
Rizal wrote the Manifesto to His
People in his prison cell at Fort
Santiago, appealing to them to stop
the necessary shedding of blood and
to inform the people that he
condemned the rebellion because he
wanted their liberties to be attained
through education and industry
was not published because it did
not condemn the rebellion in
itstotality but only in two aspects:
lack
of
participation
and
preparation.
The Prosecution
December 25, 1896
a dark and cheerless
Christmas for Rizal, his last
on earth, was the saddest in
Rizals life
December 26, 1896
at 8:00am, the court-martial
of Rizal started in the
military building called
Cuartel de Espana
The Prosecution
December 26, 1896
If pardoned, permanent
disqualification and subjection
to surveillance of authority,
indemnity of 20,000 pesos.
De Andrade in defense,
delivered an
impressivespeechandclaimed
thatthe guilt of Rizal has not
been legally established. Rizal
supplemented his defenders
points in detail.
The Prosecution
Rizal read his own defense
which he wrote in his cell in
Fort Santiago. According to
Rizal, there are twelve points
to prove his innocence:
1. As testified by Pio Valenzuela,
Rizal was against rebellion
2. He had not written a letter
addressed to the Katipunan
comprising
revolutionary
elements
3. Without his knowledge, his
name
was
used
by
the
Katipunan; if he really was
The Prosecution
4. If he was guilty, he should have
left the country while in exile; he
shouldn't have built a home,
bought a parcel of land or
established
a
hospital
inDapitan.
5. If he was really the leader of the
revolution, the revolutionists
should have consulted him.
6. He did not deny that he wrote
the by-laws of theLa Liga
Filipina, but to make things
clear, the organization was
acivicassociation,
not
a
The Prosecution
7. After the first meeting of La Liga,
the association was displaced
because of his exile in Dapitan,
thus, did not last long.
8. If the La Liga was reorganized
nine months later, he had no
idea about it
9. If the La Liga had a revolutionary
purpose, then Katipunan should
not have been organized.
10.If the Spanish authorities found
his
letters
having
bitter
atmosphere, it was because in
1890 his family was being
The Prosecution
11.He lived an exemplary life in
Dapitan the politico-military
commanders and missionary
priests in the province could
attest to that.
12.If according to witnesses the
speech he delivered atDoroteo
Ongjunco's house had inspired
the revolution, then he wanted
to confront these persons. If he
really was for the revolution,
then why did the Katipunan sent
an unfamiliar emissary to him in
Dapitan? It is so because all his
The Prosecution
December 26, 1896
Lt. Col. Togores Arjona
- considered the trial over and
ordered the hall cleared.
After a short deliberation,
the
military
court
unanimously voted for the
sentence of death.
(afternoon) Death sentence
was passed with the same
The Prosecution
December 28, 1896
Gov. Gen. Camilo
Polavieja
de