Cellular Organelles

a division of labour

Animal
Cell

Guess the organelle!

Tiny & oval shaped

Provide body with needed energy in
a process called respiration
whereby sugar molecules are
combined with oxygen to form
carbon dioxide & wateras the
products are formed, energy is
released.
power plant of cell

Mitochondrion

Guess the organelle!

Cell growth & reproduction require

the constant synthesis of proteins
Proteins are the molecules that
make up cell structure
Measure just 20 nm in length
Which organelles are responsible for
the synthesis of proteins?

Guess the organelle!

Series of canals that carry materials

throughout the cytoplasm
The membranes can appear either
rough or smooth
rER is highly developed in cells of the
pancreas that secrete digestive
enzymes
sER is free of ribosomes & is the area
in which fats or lipids are synthesized

Guess the organelle!

The pancake-like structures are

actually membranous sacs piled up on
top of each other
Protein molecules from the rER are
stored within this apparatus
The packaged protein membranes move
towards the cell membrane & fuse with
the membrane to be released as
vesicles (exocytosis)

Division of Labor
example...

Proteins reach the end of the ER

A sac forms around the proteins
Now called a vesicle
Vesicle breaks away from the ER
and moves towards the nearest sac
of the Golgi body
Vesicle fuses & empties protein
molecules into the Golgi body

Division of Labor
example...

Proteins pass from one sac to

another in vesicles formed from the
Golgi complex (mail must be
sorted when it comes into the post
office)
Many membranes present in cells
are interchangeablethey can be
recycled from one part of the cell to
another (same basic structure)

Guess the organelle!

Formed by the Golgi bodies

Sac-like structures that contain digestive
enzymes which break down large
molecules & cell parts within the
cytoplasm
The swelling & pain associated with
arthritis have been linked to the seepage
of this organellecortisone is thought to
strengthen this organelles membrane.

Guess the organelle!

Tiny threadlike fibers that transport

materials throughout the
cytoplasm
Made of protein
2 types
One is smaller than the other

Special Structure of
Plants!

The organelles discussed to this point

are found in BOTH plant & animal cells
Plant cells differ in that they can
produce their own food using specialized
organelles called PLASTIDS
The vacuole is a fluid-filled space that
occupies much of the cytoplasm. It is a
storage space for sugars, minerals, &
proteins.

Special Structure of
Plants!

Most plant cells

are surrounded
by a nonliving
cell wall made of
cellulose.
Protects &
supports the
plant cell.

A loss of turgor pressure

results in wilting plants

Plastids

Chloroplasts
specialize in
photosynthesis;
green pigment
chlorophyll

Chromoplasts store the orange &

yellow pigments found in numerous

Plastids

Amyloplasts
are storehouses
for starch
(potato tubers &
seeds)
Colorless
plastids