Topic 1 Introduction To

Science
1.1 Understanding That Science Is Part Of Everyday
Life

ITeach Science Form 1

Topic 1 Introduction To Science

Understanding That Science Is Part Of Everyday Life

Understanding Science
The knowledge gained from the systematic study
of natural phenomena and its effect on human
and environment.

List what you see

around you that is
related to science.

Natural phenomena
that happen in our
environment can be
explained through
science.

Careers in science.
Doctor
Pharmacist
Physicist
Geologist
Chemist
Engineer

ITeach Science Form 1

Topic 1 Introduction To
Science

1.2 Science Laboratory

ITeach Science Form 1

Topic 1 Introduction To Science

Science Laboratory
Laboratory Safety Rules And Precautions
You should only enter a science laboratory with your teachers permission.

You must not bring food and drinks

into the science laboratory.

No apparatus or chemicals can be taken out from the laboratory.

Do not perform any experiments without your teachers permission.
Do not play with apparatus and chemicals.
Report any breakages and accidents to your teacher immediately.
Clean the apparatus and benches after completing an experiment.
ITeach Science Form 1

Topic 1 Introduction To Science

Science Laboratory
Common Laboratory Apparatus

Crucible

Test tube

For heating
chemicals

To contain
chemicals

Crucible tongs

Conical flask

To hold hot
objects
ITeach Science Form 1

To contain
chemicals and
liquids

Evaporating
dish
For evaporating
liquid from a
solution

Measuring
cylinder

To measure the
volume of
solutions

Gas jar
To contain gas

Bunsen
burner
To provide a
flame

Pipette
To measure the
volume of
solutions

Filter funnel
To filter mixtures
of solids and
liquids

Syringe
Test tube holder

Retort stand and clamp

1. Identifying problem
2. Forming a hypothesis
3. Planning the experiment
4. Controlling the variables
5. Collecting data
6. Analysing and interpreting data
7. Drawing a conclusion
8. Writing a report

1. List the steps of

scientific
investigation.

2. Write down a report

on Simple
pendulum experiment.

 To investigate how the length of the

simple pendulum affect its swing

 If the length of the pendulumlonger

is., the time taken longer
for 1
complete swing is .

 Manipulated (what to change)

: the length of the pendulum
Responding (what is observed)
: time taken for 1 complete swing
Constant (kept the same)
: mass of the pendulum bob

 Pendulum bob, string, retort stand

and clamp, metre rule, stop watch
Apparatus set-up:

1. Prepare the simple pendulum with a 10cm

long thread.
2. Pull the pendulum bob to one side, then
release.
3. Record the time taken for 1 complete
swing in a table.
4. Repeat the experiment using a simple
pendulum of different lengths, e.g. 20cm,
30cm, 40cm and 50cm.
5. Draw a graph showing the time taken
versus length of pendulum for 1 complete
swing.

1. A simple pendulum with a 10 cm long thread

was prepared.
2. The pendulum was pulled to one side, and then
was released.
3. The time taken for 1 complete swing was
recorded in a table.
4. The experiment was repeated using a simple
pendulum with 20cm, 30cm, 40 and 50cm long.
5. A graph showing the time taken versus length
of pendulum for 1 complete swing was drawn.

 Graph of time taken for 1 complete

swing versus length of simple
pendulum.

From the graph, we can say that:

1.The pendulum with a longer string takes
time
to swing than the pendulum with a
longer
shorter string.
2. The time taken for the pendulum to
make one
increase
complete swing will
when
the
pendulum string is longer.

 From the results, the hypothesis is

accepted

.
The longer the length of the
pendulum, the longer the time taken
for 1 complete swing

Topic 1 Introduction To
Science

1.4 Knowing Physical Quantities And Their Units

ITeach Science Form 1

Topic 1 Introduction To Science

Knowing Physical Quantities And Their Units

Physical Quantities
Quantities that can be measured
Physical Quantities And SI Units

Physical Quantities

SI Units

Unit Symbols

length

metre

mass

kilogram

kg

time

second

temperature

kelvin

electric current

ampere

Metre ruler
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Clock

Thermometer

Ammeter

Topic 1 Introduction To Science

Knowing Physical Quantities And Their Units

Physical Quantities
Symbols And Values For Prefixes

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Prefix

Symbol

Numerical Value

mega

1 000 000

kilo

1 000

centi

0.01 @ 1/100

milli

0.001 @ 1/1000

micro

0.000 001 @
1/1000000

Topic 1 Introduction To
Science

1.5 Weight And Mass

ITeach Science Form 1

Topic 1 Introducing To Science

Weight And Mass

The Difference Between Weight And Mass
Mass

Weight

The quantity of matter

contained in an object

Definition

The Earths gravitational

force acting on an object

Constant

Value

Changes from place

to place

Kilogram / kg

SI unit

Newton / N

Beam
balance

Lever
balance

Compression
balance
Measuring tools

1 kg = 1 000 g
1 g = 1000 mg
1 kg = 10 N

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Spring
balance

Topic 1 Introduction To
Science

1.6 Measuring Tools

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Topic 1 Introduction To Science

Measuring Tools
Units
1km = 1000m
1m = 100cm
1cm = 10mm

Diameter
Internal calipers
To measure the
internal diameter of
an object.

External calipers
To measure the
external diameter of
an object.

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Measurement Of
Length

Straight line
Straight line
Use measuring tape
or metre ruler.

The
distance
between
two
points

Curved line
Curved line
Use a string and
ruler to measure
curved line.

Topic 1 Introduction To Science

Measuring Tools
Measurement Of Area

Estimate the area of regular or irregular shapes

Method:
- Count the number of complete square
- Incomplete square counted if half or more covered
- Do not count incomplete square if less than half covered

Estimating The Area Using Graph Paper

1. Draw regular shapes such as squares on a piece of graph paper.
2. Tick on each square with an area of more than 1/2 cm 2.
3. Count the number of ticks.

Irregular
Area = 9 cm2
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Regular
Area = 8 cm2

Topic 1 Introduction To Science

Measuring Tools
Units:
1 ml 1 cm

Measurement Of
Volume

1 l 1000 ml 1 000 cm

Measuring tools

Measuring cylinder

Burette

Pipette

Measuring flask

The correct eye position when reading the

volume of water in measuring cylinder,
pipette, burette
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The
total
space
occupied by
an object

Topic 1 Introduction To Science

Measurement Of Volume
-

(water displacement method)

Object dropped into cylinder filled with water
Cause water level to rise
Water level rise because water has been displaced by object
Increase in volume of water is equal to
volume of the object

Regular-shaped object

Irregular-shaped object

Volume of metal cube

= ( y x ) cm3

The volume of water

displaced = Volume of
stone

ITeach Science Form 1

Topic 1 Introduction To
Science

1.7 The Importance Of Standard Units

ITeach Science Form 1

Topic 1 Introduction To Science

The Importance Of Standard Units

The Importance Of Standard Units

Standardizing
Standardizing the
the different
different units
units of
of physical
physical quantities
quantities
used
used in
in different
different countries.
countries.

Making
Making comparisons
comparisons involving
involving measurements.
measurements.

International
International communications.
communications.

Understanding
Understanding
experiments.
experiments.

the
the

scientific
scientific

research
research

Facilitate
Facilitate the
the exchange
exchange of
of information.
information.

ITeach Science Form 1

and
and

The End

i - Teach