Beruflich Dokumente
Kultur Dokumente
Circuits
Jan M. Rabaey
AAnantha
Design
Perspective
Chandrakasan
Borivoje Nikolic
The Wire
July 30, 2002
EE141 Integrated Circuits
Digital
2nd
Wires
The Wire
receivers
transmitters
schematics
EE141 Integrated Circuits
Digital
2nd
physical
2
Wires
2nd
Wires
Wire Models
All-inclusive model
2nd
Capacitance-only
Wires
parasitics
reduce reliability
affect performance and power consumption
Classes
of parasitics
Capacitive
Resistive
Inductive
2nd
Wires
Nature of Interconnect
No of nets
(Log Scale)
Local Interconnect
Global Interconnect
SGlobal = SDie
Source: Intel
SLocal = STechnology
10
100
1,000
10,000
100,000
Length (u)
2nd
Wires
INTERCONNECT
2nd
Wires
VDD
M2
Cgd12
Vin
Cg4
Cdb2
M4
Vout
M1
Cdb1
Cw
Vout2
Cg3
M3
Interconnect
Fanout
Simplified
Model
2nd
Vin
Vout
CL
Wires
W
H
tdi
Dielectric
Substrate
di
cint
WL
t di
EE141 Integrated Circuits
Digital
2nd
SCwire
S
1
S SL SL
Wires
Permittivity
2nd
10
Wires
Fringing Capacitance
(a)
H
W - H/2
(b)
EE141 Integrated Circuits
Digital
2nd
11
Wires
(from [Bakoglu89])
EE141 Integrated Circuits
Digital
2nd
12
Wires
Interwire Capacitance
fringing
2nd
parallel
13
Wires
(from [Bakoglu89])
2nd
14
Wires
2nd
15
Wires
INTERCONNECT
2nd
16
Wires
Wire Resistance
R= L
HW
Sheet Resistance
Ro
L
H
R1
2nd
R2
17
Wires
Interconnect Resistance
2nd
18
Wires
Technology Scaling
Use Better Interconnect Materials
reduce average wire-length
e.g. copper, silicides
More
Interconnect Layers
2nd
19
Wires
n+
n+
p
2nd
20
Wires
Sheet Resistance
2nd
21
Wires
Modern Interconnect
2nd
22
Wires
2nd
23
Wires
INTERCONNECT
2nd
24
Wires
Interconnect
Modeling
2nd
25
Wires
Driver
R d r iv e r
V in
2nd
Vout
C lu m p e d
26
Wires
2nd
27
Wires
2nd
28
Wires
Wire Model
Assume: Wire modeled by N equal-length segments
2nd
29
Wires
2nd
30
Wires
Step-response of RC wire as a
function of time and space
2.5
x= L/10
x = L/4
voltage (V)
1.5
x = L/2
x= L
0.5
0
0.5
2nd
1.5
2.5
3
time (nsec)
3.5
4.5
31
Wires
RC-Models
2nd
32
Wires
Driving an RC-line
(r w,cw,L)
Rs
V o ut
V in
2nd
33
Wires
2nd
34
Wires