Lecture 1

Miss Adila Fazleen Binti Che Manan

Jujur

NOUNS

What is noun?
a word used to identify any of a class of
people, places, or things

Common noun, or to name a particular

one of theseproper noun

COUNTABLE NOUN; Singular and

Plural
Has two forms ; Singular and plurals
They can be used with numbers
Add s to make singular to plural nouns

Singular nouns always take a determiner

(determiners + sn)
a
(determiner)

book
(singular count noun)

Singular count nouns take singular verbs (sn +

verb + s)
The
the table.

book

is

on

Plural nouns can be used with or without

to things in general) a determiner
The
(determiner)

(refer

pens
(singular count noun)

Plural count nouns take a plural verbs (s +

verb (-) s)
The
the table.

pens

are

on

UNCOUNTABLE NOUNS
Cannot be counted as one, two, three
Has only one form and take singular verb.
Refers to ; substances, activities, human
qualities, abstract ideas, feeling (SAHAF)

We use kilo, litres, bottle, slice

DETERMINER

What is determiner?

Used at the beginning of noun group

General determiner referring to things and people
you know
a
an

Specific determiner for general things and people

the

Indefinite article a , an and

the
a and an
Used with countable nouns to indicate one (mention for
the first time)
Not used before a plural nouns and uncountable nouns
After the be verb with and adjective and noun to give
more information
Talking about costs, speed, or how often we do something

the
When a word is used for the second time
When only one object exists or referring to
specific things or person
Use with singular count for general
statement , system or service
With the name of a musical instruments

No article or the before names

of places
No articles before
names of
Villages
Towns
Cities
Countries
continents

 Usage of the before names of

Seas
Rivers
Group of islands and mountains
Kingdoms
Republics
Dessert
Plural names of countries

No article or definite article

School*
College*
Universit*y
Home*
Work*
Church*
Bed*
Hospital*

Words marked with

asterisk * can be
used with a or
the if the building
is important or
needs to be
specified.
E.g. The school is
falling down.
The hospital is

ord using the before the places we visit in a town

Cinema
Thither
Disco
Opera
Post office
Bank
Name of shop
Supermarket
chemist

Other words with a, an the or no

article
Talking about cost, speed or how often we
do something
Musical instruments

Determiners Quantity :
some, any

 Some talk about a quantity or number

without being precise
Some trains are running late

Any any talk about quantity or number

that may or may not exists
It hasnt made any difference

PRONOUNS

Subject and object pronoun

SUBJECT (person doing
the action)
I

OBJECT (person or thing

receiving the action)
me

you

you

we

us

they

them

he

him

she

her

it

it

Reflexive pronouns
The object is the same person or thing as
the subject

I cut myself when I was cooking

SUBJECT (person
doing the action)

REFLEXIVE
PRONOUNS

OBJECT (person
or thing receiving
the action)
me

you

you

yourself/ yourselves

we

us

ourselves

they

them

themselves

he

him

himself

she

her

herself

it

it

itself

myself

possessive
One person or thing belongs to another or
is connected with another
Never followed by its nouns

This is mine
Give it to Peter. Its his.

SUBJECT
(person doing
the action)

I
you

OBJECT
(person or
thing
receiving the
action)
me
you

we
they
he
she
it

us
them
him
her
it

REFLEXIVE
PRONOUNS

POSSESSIVE

myself
yourself/
yourselves
ourselves
themselves
himself
herself
itself

mine
yours
ours
theirs
his
hers
-

Possessive with s
To
In the singular add s
Annes bike
For plurals ending s just add
The ladies hats
For other plurals add s
The childrens friends

Indefinite pronouns ; something,

anything, someone
Refer to people or things without saying
exactly who are what they are

When indefinite pronoun is the subject it

always takes a singular verb

 Indefinite pronouns as the subject it

always takes a singular verb even when it
refers to more than one person or thing

Everyone knows that

When you refer back to indefinite

pronouns you use plural pronouns or
possessives and a plural verb

Has everyone eaten as much as they want?

 Pronouns ending with -body and -one

refer to people and those ending in thing refer to things

I was there before anybody come

It had to be someone with a car
Jane said nothing for a moment