We will learn the life

about Rizal on the

many researches
and archives done
by
Ambeth R. Ocampo:

FAMILY
AND OTHERS
As an historian

according to
Ambeth there are
times when Rizal
himself was
wrong or twisted
some facts to
project a positive
image on himself
in his writings.

One of this is the relationship

between
Jose Alberto (Rizals Uncle)
Teodora Alonso(Rizals
Mother)

Ferdinand
Blumentritt

In one of the many letters

of Rizal to Blumentritt,
states that
Lorenzo Alberto
Alonso, father of Teodora
was a deputy for the
Philippines in the Spanish
Cortes, and his uncle
Jose Alberto
was educated in Europe
and spoke German,
English, Spanish, &
French and a knight in
the Order of Isabel La
Catolica.

Dr. Leon Ma. Guerrero

1st Fil Industrial Scientist (1800)
1st Fil Forensic chemist
Father of Philippine Pharmacy
Historian

another historian in his

researched in Spain
could not find a deputy
in that name and
according to
John Bowing
Jose Alberto was
educated in Calcutta
and not in Europe.
Why the discrepancy?

Rizals
biographers described

Jose Alberto
as a cousin, brother, half brother or stepbrother of Teodora.

Ambeth trip to Bian

led to the discovery
that Rizals
hagiographers
(researcher for the saints or venerated
person)

had kept
that Teodora
Alonso was
illegitimate.

Don Zoilo Alberto

in his 80s when interviewed gave Ambeth an idea that he was not proud to be related to Rizal. With this statement
I dont remember anything and dont wish to remember anything

As Teodoro Agoncillo
would had observed
Lahat ng lugar, ibig nilang lagyan ng historical marker na nagpapatibay na si Rizal nagpunta roon. Aba eh, kahit mga sulok na inihian ni Rizal ibig nilang lagyan ng marker!

How are the Rizal and

the Albertos related?
Instead of answering back, he requested the maid and gave Ambeth a faded photo copy from an Ilocos Review by a grandson of Isabelo de los Reyes showing how the Rizals of Calamba was related to the
Florentinos of Ilocos.

Lorenzo Alberto Alonso

(Rizals grandfather)
married a 12 year old Ilocana named Paula Forentino (1814).

Years later, the same Lorenzo Alberto was living-in (or married?)in Bian to Brigida Quintos.
Alberto-Quintos union produced
5 children,
one of whom was
Teodora Alonso Quintos

1849, Claveria decree giving Filipinos surnames,

Teodora Alonso Quintos
y Realonda

Alberto-Quintos family
moved
Bian to Calamba,
wherefrom
daughter

Teodora
married
Francisco
Mercado,
had 11 children,
one of whom was
Rizal.

So it is clear that
Jose Alberto
was the half brother of Teodora, the latter coming from the illegitimate branch.

Santa Cruz Church in Manila

where Teodora was baptized
say the records are complete down to the 18th century,
but strange that the only volume missing happened to be one containing
Teodora Alonsos baptismal record.

Is there a
cover up?
Why?
(10/23/89
)

THE OTHER
RIZAL
The Philippine
town plaza is never
complete without a
statue of Jose Rizal
in his winter coat.
But some Filipinos
do not know about
the men and
women who fought
the very revolution
Rizal condemned
as premature and
doomed to failure.

One of the unsung heroes was Rizals own

brother Paciano, a general in the Philippine
Revolution.

He was born on
March 7, 1851
the second to the 11
children and 10 years
older to Jose.
Called or Paciano
(short for seor or
seorita)

as a sign of respect
when addressing.

 Biography shows that Paciano studied

at the Colegio de San Jose & later in
Santo Tomas in Manila.
But Paciano had to drop out of school
due to his association with the
martyred priest, Fr. Jose Burgos
branded as filibuster and executed
with two other priests, Fr. Mariano
Gomez and Fr. Jacinto Zamora
(1872).

Fr.Jose
BURGOS

Fr.Mariano
GOMEZ

Fr.Jacinto
ZAMORA

Filibuster
A legislator
who gives long
speeches in an
effort to delay
or obstruct
legislation that he
(or she) opposes.

 Paciano was a messenger of Fr.

Burgos said to have lived in his
house. It is stated that when Jose
started his schooling in Manila of
June 10, 1872 he had to use the
surname Rizal instead of Mercado.
(in his youth he thought he was
illegitimate),

but after Joses execution the whole

family dropped the Mercado adopted
the illustrious surname RIZAL.

Paciano settled in Calamba to

oversee their hacienda and
become padre de familia.

He was secretly
responsible for
sending his
younger brother
Jose off to
Europe,
with the disapproval of their
mother. They had a long
correspondence, advising him and
sending him monthly stipend.

Paciano & Jose made a pact that they would work for the
country and thus only one should get married.

One of his homecoming

from Europe he insisted
on marrying his cousin
Leonor Rivera but was
discouraged by his
brother by saying
Iniisip mo lang ang
iyong
sarili
and sent him off back to
Europe.

After Rizals execution Paciano joined

Aguinaldos army and rose to the rank
of general. He died in Los Baos on
April 13, 1930.

 Unlike Jose, Paciano is a big mystery.

All documents on him naturally ends
with the execution of his brother.
Following the lead that he was a
general in the revolution, the
Philippine Insurgent Records (PIR)
and the National Library found
handful documents on Paciano.
And with no references on his
military command in Laguna.

In contrast to the
fully documented
Jose,
Paciano had only
2 photographed
pictures a candid
shot without his
knowledge and of
his corps.

 Ambeth visit to Paciano home in Los Baos, with his

grandchildren, Franz & Edmundo Lopez Rizal and
their sister Eugenia Lopez Villaruz, cant help but
ask the rumors that the grandchildren were
illegitimate, since Paciano Rizal did not marry.

And the reason their

lolo did not want to be
photograph was
because he was a wanted man, and he
could walk everywhere without being recognized.

Grandchildren
description of their lolo
was, had very fair
complexion,
rosy cheeks,
more refine and
serious, taller and more
slender, with a nose
that is fine, beautiful
and sharp pointed, but
bow-legged.

Epifanio de los Santos

(EDSA)
Historian
wonder about Pacianos features

Bakit hindi sya kamukha ng mga kapatid niya.?

Grandchildren
related, he was more
handsome that the
national hero and
much taller around
57, 59.
A quite man who didnt
talk much, not talk about their
brother Jose.

 Their memory
about their
grandfather
came from their
grandmother
Narcisa Rizal,
the story teller
of the family.

Pedro Paternos account of his

negotiations peace between Spain and
the Filipinos revolutionaries, El Pacto
de Biak na Bato , Paciano relates:

The Republic of Biak-na-Bato

was the first republic ever declared in the Philippines

by the revolutionary hero Emilio Aguinaldo and his
fellow members of the Katipunan.
Despite its successes, including the establishment of
the Philippines' first ever constitution, the republic
lasted just over a month.
This was after a peace treaty signed by Aguinaldo and
the Spanish Governor-General,
Fernando Primo de Rivera, that includes Aguinaldo's
exile to Hong Kong.

Paciano exploits reveal getting the Spaniards to

surrender
in Calamba, by using firecrackers to show the Filipinos were
heavily armed.
After 3 days the Spaniards surrendered. In his letter to the PIR
seen at the National Library Paciano requested for the status of
the Americans if they were allies or enemies. Their suspicious
actuation in the area proved right, August 13, 1898, Filipinos was
tricked by the Americans, they fought another battle.

 1900, weakened by malaria, Paciano

was captured by the Americans and
is said to have refused to swear
allegiance to the flag of the USA.
While Apolinario Mabini the paralytic
was exiled to Guam because he
refused allegiance to America.

A HERO TOO!

Many unanswered
questions left, but
nothing is definite as
of now, except that
Paciano
Rizal proves like other
heroes of the
Revolution of
of 1896 and 1898, should be rescued
from obscurity and given the rightful
place in our history
(6/19/88)

A PRIEST IN YOUR
CLOSET

People tracing their ancestry

in the Philippines often
discover a friar somewhere
in the family tree. Having a
friar as an ancestor has been
an accepted fact of life, a
situation fully used in Rizals
novel Noli & Fili.

Rizal
family had
a friar in
its fold, Fr.
Leoncio
Lopez,
the parish
priest of
Calamba.

Ferdinand
Blumentritt

 In one of Rizal writing with F. Blumentritt

from Ghent (Aug 23, 1891),
he recalls that he was scolded by his mother
for raising his voice to Fr. Leoncio, who had
doubted his authorship of some poems.
But some years later he gained fame as a
poet in Ateneo. In his 70s Fr. Leoncio
travelled all the way to Manila just to
apologize, thus endearing himself to Rizal.

Indio, tall, straight, and distinguished;

cultured but timid and tender A friend of
my father. He was related to my
family. He was a just, liberated and
tolerant man. You will see his image in my
new book ( El Filibusterismo)
I call him Fr.Florentino. He was a
musician, poet and naturalist. He meddled
in politics. He never had anything to do
with the election of the gobernadorcillo.
We were at peace.

 Ambeth realized in one of the invitation

to a picnic with
Mr. Francisco Rizal Lopez and
Mrs Eugenia Lopez Villaruz to their
lolo Paciano Rizals lake side retreat in
Los Banos.
There they showed to Ambeth a copy of
their lolos baptismal certificate signed by
Fr. Leoncio Lopez.

 When Ambeth saw this he remembered the

late Dr. Leoncio Lopez Rizal, an uncle to
the host, who lived on Lopez Rizal Street in
Mandaluyong.
With a little hesitation Ambeth asked an
immodest question,
is it true that Fr. Lopez
is your great grandfather?

With a smile Mr. Francisco Lopez Rizal said

Youre quite right. Yes he was our greatgrandfather. And continued his explanation,

You see my mother Emiliana Rizal

was the daughter of Paciano Rizal.
She married her first cousin Antonio
Lopez, who was the son of my
uncle Jose Rizals sister Narcisa.
Our grandmother Narcisa Rizal,
married Antonino Lopez, who was
the son of Fr. Leoncio Lopez.

 As an historian Ambeth would not

work on hearsay, as there are no
documents to prove it.

 The circumstantial evidence proves

that, When our lola Sisa married
Antonino Lopez they lived in the
parish house when Fr. Leoncio was
cura parroco.
When Fr. Leoncio died all his books
and little possessions he had were
inherited by my grandfather
Antonino Lopez.

 Amazed by this bit of oral history

Ambeth was still left with more
questions,
How come no one ever bothered to
find out about Fr. Leoncio Lopez
before?

(3/17/89)

LA LIGA FILIPINA
The Philippine League
UNUS INSTAR OMNIUM

July 3, 1892it was established.

O F F I C
President
Ambrosio Salvador
Fiscal
Agustin dela Rosa
Treasurer
Bonifacio Arevelo
Secretary
Deodato Arellano
Adviser
Jose Rizal

S:

PURPOSES IN THEIR CONSTITUTION

To unite the whole Archipelago into one compact,
vigorous, and homogeneous body.
Mutual protection in every grievance and need.
Defense against violence and injustice.
Encouragement of instruction, industrial, and
agricultural enterprises.
The study of reforms, putting them into practice.

July 6, 1892
Rizal was secretly arrested

The Split
Cuerpo de Compromisarios
&
The Katipunan

THE MALOLOS WOMEN

December 12, 1888

a group of twenty young women of Malolos
petitioned Governor-general Weyler for
permission to open a "night school" so that they
might study Spanish under Teodoro Sandiko.
The Spanish parish priest, Fr. Felipe Garcia,
objected so that the governor-general turned
down the petition.
However, the young women, in defiance of the
friar's wrath bravely continued their agitation for
the school - a thing unheard of in the Philippines in
those times.

The incident caused a great stir in the

Philippines and in far-away Spain.
Del Pilar, writing in Barcelona on February
17, 1889, requested Rizal to send a letter
in Tagalog to the brave women of Malolos.
Rizal, although busy in London annotating
Morga's book, penned this famous letter
and sent it to Del Pilar on February 22,
1889 for transmittal to Malolos.

They finally succeeded in

obtaining government
approval to their project
on condition that
Senorita Guadalupe
Reyes should be their
teacher.

Led by

ALBERTA UITANCOY
Basilia Tantoco & Mercedes Tiongson
outstanding for their perseverance,
leadership, and self-sacrifice.

January 1889
the night school was
opened.
May 1889
the school closed.

According to RizalAs a maiden, the woman should be

valued by a young man not for her looks or sweet disposition
but for the strength of her character and sense of humor.
As a wife, the women should not be a slave to her husband
but rather a partner, shouldering half his travails, consoling
and encouraging him.
As a mother, she should raise her children to love their fellow
humans and their country and to value honor above all,
including death.
As a human being, she should develop her mind, learn to
love herself and make decisions on her own....

Sucesos de las Islas Filipinas

(Events in the Philippine Isles)
by

Antonio de Morga Snchez Garay

He was aSpanishlawyer
and a high-ranking colonial
official of the Philippines,
New Spain and Peru
published the book
Sucesos de las islas Filipinas
1609

According to Rizal ..If

the book (Sucesos

de las Islas Filipinas) succeeds to
awaken your consciousness of our past,
already effaced from your memory, and
to rectify what has been falsified and
slandered, then I have not worked in
vain, and with this as a basis, however
small it may be, we shall be able to
study the future.

"I want to give my countrymen an

example that I do not write for myself
nor for my glory, but for my country
and thats why I prefer the truth than
my face. God grant that my
countrymen also sacrifice their
passions for the welfare of the
country."

Three reasons why Rizal stayed in

London
1. to improve his knowledge of the
English Language;
2. to study and annotate(add notes to a
text or diagram giving explanation or
comment) Morgas Sucesos de las Islas
Filipinas, a rare copy of which he heard to
be available in British Museum;
3. London was a safe place for him to
carry on his fight against Spanish tyranny.

LIFE IN DAPITAN
1."That Rizal publicly retract his errors concerning
religion, and make statements that were clearly
pro-Spanish and against revolution".
2."That he perform the church rites and make a
general confession of his past life".
3.That henceforth he conduct himself in an
exemplary manner as a Spanish subject and a
man of religion."

He practiced
medicine,
pursued scientific studies, continued
his artistic &
literary works,
widened his knowledge of languages,
established a school for boys,
promoted community development
projects, invented a wooden machine
for making bricks, &
engaged in farming and commerce.

Blumentritts Role in the

Propaganda War

Ferdinand Blumentritt was the first

European scholar to specialize in the Philippine
Studies long before it was popular to do so.
He was a good friend and correspondent of
Jose Rizal (1886). Two whole volumes of Rizals
printed correspondence, the
Epistolarion Rizalino,
(an endless sequence of epistolary love
affairs); "the epistolatory novel" are devoted
to their letters.

From 1906-1913,Blumentritt
corresponded in Spanish with
Higino Francisco,
a relative of Rizal, who risked danger
smuggling copies of
Noli me tangere into the
country.

Blumentritts letter to Francisco, he said that during

the Spanish regime he attacked anti Filipino writers
Quioquiap

and Retana
(Wenceslao Emilio Retana Gamboa (18621924)

And during the American period, he attacked

American writers like
James Le Roy,
who published books on the
Philippines.

Pro-Filipino, Blumenritt
wrote to Francisco in 1910:

I cannot defend the just and legal aspirations of

the country and paint the reality of the aims of
the imperialist politics in the Philippines.
I attack the American imperialists and jingos as
if I am a bandit. This is not important as I will
not abandon the just cause of the Philippines
even if the jingos attack me personally instead
of attacking my arguments.
These attacks only serve to prove that I am
right, they hit below the belt because they do
not have reason nor arguments to justify
occupation of the Philippines.

FilIpino Spanish War

July 1892
KATIPUNAN
(association)
was planned
and initiated
the

Philippine Revolution, founded by Andres

Bonifacio in Tondo, Manila.
The revelation of the group to the Spanish priest (Fr.
Mariano Gil) by Teodoro Patio, was caused by a
personal dispute with a fellow Katipunero, Apolonio
de la Cruz.

August 1896, Bonifacio called for an assembly to

start a nationwide armed revolution against Spain.
Marked by the tearing of the

cedulas
and accompanied
by patriotic cries
Cry of Balintawak
or
Cry of Pugad Lawin
So the Katipunan was a
revolutionary government
with Bonifacio as president
and Supreme Council.

August 30,1896 was the start of a

nationwide armed revolution

 The 8 provinces
Manila,
Bulacan,
Cavite,
Pampanga,
Tarlac,
Laguna,
Batangas
Nueva Ecija

When the
revolution
broke out, Rizal
was living as a
political exile in
Dapitan

MAGDIWANG vs
(Alvarez)

MAGDALO
(Agui naldo)

March 22, 1897

Tejeros
Convention

Naic Military Agreement,

Dec 1415,1897

Pact of Biak na Bato

(Pedro Paterno)

Pedro Paternos account of his negotiations

peace between Spain and the Filipinos
revolutionaries, El Pacto de Biak na Bato ,
Paciano relates:

was the first republic ever declared in the

Philippines by the revolutionary hero
Emilio Aguinaldo and his fellow members of the
Katipunan.
Despite its successes, including the establishment
of the Philippines' first ever constitution, the
republic lasted just over a month.
This was after a peace treaty was signed by
Aguinaldo and the Spanish Governor-General,
Fernando Primo de Rivera, that includes
Aguinaldo's exile to Hong Kong.

Exile in HongKong

400,000
200,000
100,000
100,000

April 22-25 1899

US Consuls E. Spencers Pratt & Rounceville
Wildman
negotiation with E. Aguinaldo

Filipino-American War
June 2, 1899 July 4, 1902

Proofs of Americas Infidelity:

1. August 13, American commander or US and Spain signed a peace
agreement, previous day American forces captured the city of Manila
from the Spanish.
2. Gov. Gen. Jaudenes secret agreement with Dewey & Gen Wesley
Merritt, requested surrender only to Americans, not to the Filipino rebels.
3. Mock battle between Spain & American, with latter won
4. Filipinos banned to joined the battle
5. US nor Spain recognized June 12 declaration of Philippine Independence
6. Dec 10,1898 Treaty of Paris, was signed in consideration for security for
Spanish expenses and assets lost

The first spark of

the war was started
at Sociego St. Santa
Mesa, Manila

GUERRILLAS
CONVENTIONAL

Downfall of the Filipinos:

Concentration camps for Filipinos

Better armed American army
Captured of Aguinaldo
Aguinaldos oath, April 1, 1901 in Malacanang
Palace pledging his allegiance to America
Surrender of Gen Miguel Malvar
Philippine Organic Act, July 1902, establishing
the Phil Comm in the legislature & extended
the US Bill of Rights to Filipinos

 July 4, Theodore Roosevelt, proclaimed

a full & complete pardon & amnesty to
all people in the Philippine archipelago.

PUBLIC OPINION,
PROPAGANDA
AND
PATRIOTISM

Public opinion
means a cross-section of society
which represents the whole
population
It may also mean an entire polity or
an entire nation.

While some publics are

relatively permanent,
others are temporary
because they emerge
only on certain
situations

Public Opinion
The collective expression of
peoples opinions regarding
certain issue or issues

Springs from the inherent nature of

man as equipped with faculties of
intellect,
speech
and
freewill

Opinion
is an expression of ones
values and belief system

The desire to relate with

others stems from mans
gregarious instinct

Socrates said,
man is a social and
political animal by
nature

A public may be silenced

by oppression,
repression or
manipulation but when
it finally explodes into a
revolution it can:

quickly install one to power,

cause the dethronement of kings
*or send
sovereigns to the guillotine

It may be spontaneous
or instigated
History has showed how
it works
Ex. Jesus Christ was crucified, a
victim of public opinion

Vox Populi, Vox Dieu- the voice of the

people is the voice of God.
This voice refers to a peoples
expression of common sentiments,
beliefs, views, and convictions
So powerful that it is at times deemed
as the voice of God.

PROPAGANDA
Is the deliberate spreading of ideas,
information, or rumor for the
purpose of helping or injuring a
person, a group or an institution.
It is one structural aspect of
democracy which is linked with
mobilization function for persuasion
by spreading information to
maintain a status quo or to change
peoples mindset.

The arts and the media

are common tools of

The Filipino aspiration to be freed from

the shackles of Spanish oppression
found expression in propaganda
songs like Anak Dalita, Basang
Sisiw,&others.

The paintings of LUNA and HIDALGO are likewise expressions of

prevailing social and political conditions.

Rizals sculptures are reflective of his

views on life, science, society and
death.

They exerted much effort

to awaken Filipinos to
the excesses of the
authorities and stirred
up their sentiment