How to Develop

a Research
(Ari M Barmawi)

Output of a Research
Theorem
Method
Product
System

Research

Systematic activities which have to be

run based on certain methods and
procedures. Research should include
systematic effort for reaching the
objectivewhich is already defined. This is
the requirement of original research.
(Tjia May On, 1992 )
Ordered steps which have to be well
planned and run systematically for
obtaining answers of questions or
problem solving. (Suryabrata)

Why a Research is Needed?

For reaching the objective
As a facility for reaching the goal.

General Procedure:
Planning (writing proposal)
Conducting
Writing report (report, paper)

Planning
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.

7.
8.
9.
10.

Background
Problem identification
Objective
Research purpose
Scope of research
Reference (previous research (if exist),
theorems which will be chosen as the basic
of the research
Hypothesis
Research method/design
Schedule
Research expenses

Background
reasons of why phenomenon is chosen
as the research topic.
will the phenomenon give new concepts
as a result?
The gap of existing condition and the
future condition

Problem Identification

Identification based on background

and previous research
Define problem explicitely, and show
the relation between research
variables

The Objective
Should include the objective research
direction (sharp and measurable)

How to determine the objective

Why should this research be run?

What is the research target?
What is the important problems?
Who will be influenced by the
research?
Who will obtain the research benefit?
Is there any changes after the
research is run?

Scope and Purpose

Purpose:
Based on the existing background
and problem identification
Scope:
Based on facility, supporting
theorem, and the researchers
capacity.

Reference tracing

Theorems and concepts which can be

used as the basic of the research
Previous research in the same
research area

Hypothesis

Temporary answer of the problem

It consists of :
The explanation of method, concept which will
be used to solve the problem as well as the
reason why they will be used in the research
Explain about the difference between method,
concept, and theorem which will be used and
the method, concept method, concept which
were used previously

Research Method (I)

Research Method is a systematical

study on procedure and method to
conduct research in relation with the
research object

Research Method (II)

Research method should include:
Research design ( research procedure
and research design)
Research operational variable
Method for data collecting (how to
choose sample) for each research step
Method for testinng the research result

Research method (III)

Research ProcedureProsedur Penelitian
1.
Collecting reference
2.
Determining requirement :
3.
Designing
4.
Implementation
5.
Testing
6.
Data Collecting
7.
Analysis
8.
Writing report

Research Variable
Concept

Variable/Indicator

Machine
Maximum usage
Performance time

Analysis Unit
Hours/day

Schedule

The schedule should be arranged

based on each steps of the research
procedure

Schedule Example
Activities
Reference Tracing
Requirement design
System/product design
Implementation
Experimentation
Data collecting

Funding

Total cost should be arranged based

on each steps of research procedure
Fiunding consists of global and
funding .

Detailed Requirement
Contoh: Untuk Kegiatan Realisasi
Component
Name

Amount

Unit

Cost per
Unit (Rp)

Total

120

Lembar

50

6000

B
C
D
E

Global Requirement
Activities

Collecting the
Reference
Deciding the
requirement
Making the plan
Realization
Testing
Data Collecting

Cost (Rp)