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Lecture 2, MS008A
Today
Ethical Theories of
Duty (Kant)
Virtue (Aristotle)
Consequence (Utilitarianism) John Stuart
Mill
Ethical theories
Moral Truths
Human rights
The law of nature: the behaviour and doings of
humans that enable us to develop the potential
and talents that nature has given us
Deeds that create peace and harmony between
people
Moral truths are those that are accepted by
many people, despite differences in culture and
religion
Kirsten Ribu - Siri Fager
nes - HiO 2005
Example
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Good will
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Analysis:
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Utilitarianism (Theory of
Consequence)
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Utilitarianism
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Cont
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Hume
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Act Utilitarianism
Principles of Utility
An action has nothing to do with the
attitude behind the action
Bentham: No motive is in itself a
bad one. If motives are good or bad,
it is because of their effects.
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Pro:
It focuses on happiness
It is down to earth where to build a prison,
where to treat drug-addicts- the metadon
programme (but: Not in my back yard)
Con:
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Rule Utilitarianism
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Pro:
Con:
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Virtue Ethics
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Virtue ethics
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Example
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Honesty
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Relativism
Subjective relativism
Cultural relativism
Kirsten Ribu - Siri Fager
nes - HiO 2005
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Subjective relativism:
pro and con
Pro:
Each person creates his/her own
morality ( example: views on abortion).
If morality is relative, we do not have
to agree for instance if abortion is
right or wrong. Both sides are right.
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Continued
Con:
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Cultural relativism
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Next week
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