Microprocessors

Input/Output Interface
(Chapter 10)

Introduction
In a typical computer system, the user communicates with the computer via
standard peripheral devices such as the keyboard, mouse, display, printer e.t.c.
Furthermore computers and microprocessor based systems are used in
instrumentation or automatic control applications. In such cases it is necessary
that the microprocessor reads the state of input devices (switches, sensors) and
activate some output devices (motors, heaters, lights).
The I/O interface is required to enable the interface between the microprocessor
and the peripheral devices.
The peripheral devices are connected on a microprocessor system through the
Input/Output ports.
The I/O interface provides the following:
Isolation between the buses and the peripheral devices.
Address decoding.
Synchronization/Latching.

Isolated vs Memory-mapped I/O

Isolated I/O
I/O locations are separate from memory locations
Special I/O instructions are used
The most common technique for Intel microprocessors
Advantage: More space for memory
Disadvantage: Additional control signals (IO/M) and instructions increase complexity

Memory-mapped I/O
I/O devices are treated as memory locations in the memory map
Any memory transfer instruction can be used (MOV, LDR, STR etc)
Advantages: Simpler decoding circuitry, no special instructions required
Disadvantage: A portion of the memory system is used as the I/O map, reducing the
memory available to applications

Input/Output Instructions
The 8088 and 80X86 processors use the 16 lower address lines (A0 to A15) to
address I/O devices. This limits the maximum number of I/O ports to 64K.
The IN instruction copies the content of an input port to register AL, AX or EAX.
The OUT instruction copies the content of register AL, AX, or EAX to an output
port.
Register AL is used for 8-bit ports, AX for 16-bit ports and EAX for 32-bit ports.
The 8088 and 80X86 processors support two I/O addressing modes.
Fixed Address. The address is directly specified in the instruction as an 8-bit number.
That is loaded on the address lines A0 to A7. Address lines A8 to A15 are set to 00.
IN AL,30H
;Read input port 0030H into register AL
OUT 30H,AL
;Copy register AL to output port 0030H.
Variable Address. The address is specified through register DX as a 16-bit address.
MOV DX,3A0H
;Set I/O address
IN AL,DX
;Read input port [DX] or 3A0H into register AL.
OUT DX,AL
;Copy register AL to output port [DX] or 3A0H

High Level Language Input/Output Instructions (Pascal)

Input/Output using Pascal: I/O is obtained using the Port[ ] instruction.
X := Port[PortAddress]; /* Copy the contents of the specified port into X */
Port[PortAddress] := X; /* Copy the contents of X into the specified port */

Input/Output using Delphi: Delphi does not allow direct access to I/O ports.
This can be done by inserting assembly language code into Delphi as follows:
asm ; code equivalent to value:=port[portaddress];
begin
mov dx,portaddress
;specify the port address
in al,dx
;input from the port specified by dx into al
mov value,al
;copy input data into variable value
end;
asm ; code equivalent to port[portaddress] := value;
begin
mov dx,portaddress
;specify the port address
mov al,value
;move output data into register al
out dx,al ;output data to the port specified by dx
end;

High Level Language Input/Output Instructions (C/C++)

C/C++ does not allow direct access to I/O ports. This can be done by inserting
assembly language code into the C/C++ code as follows:
__asm

; code equivalent to value:=port[portaddress];

{
mov dx,portaddress
in al,dx

;input from the port specified by dx into al

mov value,al
}
__asm

;specify the port address

;copy input data into variable value

; code equivalent to port[portaddress] := value;

{
mov dx,portaddress
mov al,value

;specify the port address

;move output data into register al

out dx,al ;output data to the port specified by dx

}

Input/Output Using DLLs (C/C++)

For protection purposes, modern operating systems such as the Windows XP
do not allow the use of the IN and the OUT instructions in the users programs.
A way to have access to I/O ports is through libraries (DLL files) developed for
this purpose. Such a library is the inout32.dll
To use this library in Visual Studio (C++) we must:
Add the inout32.lib file in the Linker properties
Project ->Properties->Linker->Input->Additional Dependencies
Define the two functions for input and output and use them accordingly

short _stdcall Inp32(short PortAddress);

void _stdcall Out32(short PortAddress, short data);
main()
{
short Inval = Inp32(889);
/* input from port 889 into variable Inval*/
Out32(888,0x2f);
/* Output the hex value 2f to port 888 */
}

Simple Input Port

An input port can be implemented
using a simple octal buffer such as
the 74LS244.

D7

LS244

D0

8088 System

The address decoding circuit

enables the three-state buffers of
the 74LS244 whenever the port
address is selected by the
processor. In such a case the state
of the input devices appears on the
data bus.
The address decoding circuit is
enabled only if the IO/M signal is
set High by the 8088 (Low for the
x86 processors) and the RD signal
is Low.

+5V

A11
A10
G2

G1

A9

A0

A8
A7
A6

Switch Open => Logic 1

Switch Closed => Logic 0

A5

A19

A4

WR
RD
IO/M'

A11 A10 A9 A8 A7 A6 A5 A4 A3 A2 A1 A0
0

Address
460H to 46FH

Simple Output Port (Using the 74LS373)

An output port can be implemented
using a simple octal latch such as
the 74LS373.

LS373

D7

EN

D0

8088 System

The address decoding circuit

enables the D-latches of the
74LS373 whenever the port
address is selected by the
processor. In such a case the state
of the data bus is latched to the
output devices.
The address decoding circuit is
enabled only if the IO/M signal is
set High by the 8088 (Low for the
x86 processors) and the WR signal
is Low.

+5V

A11
A10

EN

OE

A9

A0

A8
A7
A6
A5

A19

Logic 1 => LED is OFF

Logic 0 => LED is ON

A4

RD
WR
IO/M'

A11 A10 A9 A8 A7 A6 A5 A4 A3 A2 A1 A0
0

Address
460H to 46FH

Simple Output Port (Using the 74HCT573)

The 74HCT573 is pin compatible
with the 74LS373. There are three
significant differences:

The HCT573 has a 20mA current sink and

a 20mA current source, thus it can drive a
LED connected either to the ground or to
+5V. The LS373 has a 16mA current sink
and a 400uA current source, thus it can
only drive a LED connected to +5V.
The HCT family is faster than the LS
family.

+5V
HCT573

D7

EN

D0

8088 System

The 573 has all inputs on the left side and

all outputs on the right side of the IC,
while the 373 has the even numbered
inputs on the left side and the odd
numbered inputs on the right side. Thus
the 573 is easier to by handled on PCB
boards.

Logic 1 => LED is OFF

Logic 0 => LED is ON

A11
A10

EN

OE

A9

A0

A8
A7
A6
A5

A19

Logic 1 => LED is ON

Logic 0 => LED is OFF

A4

RD
WR
IO/M'

A11 A10 A9 A8 A7 A6 A5 A4 A3 A2 A1 A0
1

Address
850H to 85FH

Simple I/O Example 1 (Hardware)

Draw a circuit to show how 8 switches can be connected on the input port 3AH
and 8 LEDs on the output port 5CH.

Simple I/O Example 1 (Software)

Write a program to keep reading the state of the switches and switch ON the LED
at the position form by the switches at D2, D1 and D0 (i.e. 3X8 decoder).
Pseudo Code:

Repeat
Read Input port in InVal
Mask out D2,D1,D0 from InVal
if InVal = 0 then OutVal = 1
if if InVal = 1 then OutVal = 2
if InVal = 2 then OutVal = 4
if InVal = 3 then OutVal = 8
if InVal = 4 then OutVal = 16
if if InVal = 5 then OutVal = 32
if InVal = 6 then OutVal = 64
if InVal = 7 then OutVal = 128
Write OutVal to Output port
Until keypressed

C/C++ Code
main()
{
short InVal, OutVal = 0;
do { InVal = Inp32(0x3a);
InVal = InVal & 0x7;
if (InVal == 0) OutVal = 0x1;
if (InVal == 1) OutVal = 0x2;
if (InVal == 2) OutVal = 0x4;
if (InVal == 3) OutVal = 0x8;
if (InVal == 4) OutVal = 0x10;
if (InVal == 5) OutVal = 0x20;
if (InVal == 6) OutVal = 0x40;
if (InVal == 7) OutVal = 0x80;
Out32(0x5c,OutVal);
} while (!_kbhit());
}

Mask Operations
(a) Write a program to keep reading the
.

(b) Write a program to keep reading the

state of the switches and switch ON
the LEDs for which the corresponding
switch is closed.

Simple I/O Example 2

Four float switches and four LEDs are used to indicate the level of a liquid in the tank shown below.
The switches and the LEDs are connected on a computer through an interface board with an input
and an output port occupying the address 460H to 46FH.
Draw the circuit diagram of the interface board.
Write a program to keep reading the state of the float switches and display the liquid level on the
LEDs. If an error is detected then switch ON all LEDs.
DI3 DI2 DI1 DI0 DO4 DO3 DO2 DO1 DO0 State
Closed
DI3
Closed

DI2

Interface Board

DI1
Open

DI0

Open
Full

DO4
DO3
DO2
DO1
DO0

High

Half

Low

Empty

Empty

Low

Error

Half

Error

Error

Error

High

Error

Error

Error

Error

Error

Error

Error

Full

Simple I/O Example 2 (Circuit Diagram)

A11 A10 A9 A8 A7 A6 A5 A4 A3 A2 A1 A0
0

Address
460H to 46FH

+5V
D7

DI0
DI1
DI2
DI3

LS244

D0

DO0
DO1
DO2
DO3
DO4

HCT573
D

EN

8088 System

A11
A10
A0

A9
A8
A7
A6

A19

A5
A4

IO/M'
RD
WR

G1

G2

EN

OE

Simple I/O Example 2 (Software using Case/Switch Statement)

Pseudo Code:

C/C++ Code
main()
{

Set OutVal to 0, i.e switch off all leds

short InVal, OutVal = 0;

Repeat

do {

Read Input port in InVal

InVal = Inp32(0x460);

Mask out D3,D2,D1,D0 from InVal

InVal = InVal & 0xf;

Case of InVal

switch (InVal) {

0: OutMask = 1

case 0: OutMask = 1; break;

1: OutMask = 2

case 1: OutMask = 2; break;

3: OutMask = 4

case 3: OutMask = 4; break;

7: OutMask = 8

case 7: OutMask = 8; break;

FH: OutMask = 10H

case 0xf: OutMask = 0x10; break;

else OutMask = 1FH

default OutMask = 0x1f; }

Mask in D4 to D0 of OutMask in OutVal

Write OutVal to Output port
Until keypressed

OutVal = (OutVal & 0xe0) | OutMask;

Out32(0x460,OutVal);
} while (!_kbhit());
}

Simple I/O Example 2 (Software using array as a lookup table)

C/C++ Code

Pseudo Code:
Table[0] = 00001 /*
Table[1] = 00010 /*

main()
{

Table[3] = 00100 /*

short InVal, OutVal = 0;

Table[7] = 01000 /*

short Table[16] = 0x1, 0x2, 0x1f, 0x4,

Table[15] = 10000 /*

0x1f, 0x1f, 0x1f, 0x8,

Table[rest] = 111111 /*

0x1f, 0x1f, 0x1f, 0x1f,

0x1f, 0x1f, 0x1f, 0x10;

Repeat

do {

Read Input port in InVal

InVal = Inp32(0x460);

Mask out D2,D1,D0 from InVal

InVal = InVal & 0xf;

Mask in D2,D1,D0 of Table[InVal] to OutVal

OutMask = Table[InVal];

Write OutVal to Output port

OutVal = (OutVal & 0xe0) | OutMask;

Until keypressed

Out32(0x460,OutVal);
} while (!_kbhit());
}

DC Motor Speed and Direction Control

The speed of a DC motor is proportional to the DC voltage applied at its terminal.
Thus the speed can be controlled by controlling the DC voltage.

The DC voltage can be controlled by:

Inserting a resistor in series with the DC motor.
Unnecessary dissipation of energy on the resistor.
Using Pulse Width Modulation (PWM)
Average Voltage

The direction of rotation a DC motor is reversed by reversing the polarity of the

DC voltage applied at its terminal.
This can be obtained using a relay (change-over connection).
Connecting a relay on an output port requires the use of high current drivers such as
the ULN2803 and diodes to protect the output transistors due to Lenzs law.

Special drivers (H-drivers) can also be used to provide both speed control and
direction control.

DC motor interface example

A DC motor is connected to a computer as shown below. The switches and the motor
are connected on an input and an output port occupying the address 460H to 46FH.
Draw a circuit of the interface and the connections to the motor
Write a program to keep reading the state of the switches and control the operation
of the motor accordingly.

Start/Stop

Fast/Slow

Fwrd/Rev.

DC Motor
Interface Board

DC motor interface example(Circuit Diagram)

A11 A10 A9 A8 A7 A6 A5 A4 A3 A2 A1 A0
0

Address
460H to 46FH

+5V
D7

DI7
DI6

LS244

DI5
DI4

D0

DI3

8088 System

A11
A10
A0

HCT573

G2

EN

RL
1

EN

G1

+5V

Com
D

+5V

DI2
DI1
DI0

ULN2803

OE

RL
2

A9
A8
A7
A6

A19

DO0

Frwd/Rev.
DO1
On/Off
DO2
Fast/Slow

+5V
RL
2

A5
A4

IO/M'
RD
WR

DC motor interface example (Software using conditional execution)

Pseudo Code:
Set OutVal to 0, i.e motor is OFF
Repeat
Read Input port in InVal
If On/Off bit = 1

then OutVal(D0) = 1
else OutVal(D0) = 0

If Fast/Slow bit = 1 then OutVal(D1) = 1

else OutVal(D1) = 0
If Frwd/Rev bit = 1 then OutVal(D2) = 1
else OutVal(D2) = 0
Write OutVal to Output port
Until keypressed

DC motor interface example (Software using a lookup table)

Pseudo Code:
Table[0]
Table[1]
Table[2]
Table[3]
Table[4]
Table[5]
Table[6]
Table[7]

= 000
= 000
= 010
= 011
= 000
= 000
= 110
= 111

/* 000 ->motor is Off

/* 001 ->motor is Off
/* 010 -> On-Slow-Rev
/* 011 -> On-Slow-Frwd
/* 100 -> motor is Off
/* 101 -> motor is Off
/* 110 ->On-Fast-Rev
/* 111 ->On-Fast-Frwd

Repeat
Read Input port in InVal
Mask out D2,D1,D0 from InVal
Mask in D2,D1,D0 of Table[InVal] to OutVal
Write OutVal to Output port
Until keypressed

7-Segment Displays
Used to display the digits from 0 to 9, as well as many letters (A,b,C,d,E,F,L,H)
Consists of seven leds connected to a common point
Can be common-anode or common-cathode
a

d
f

0: ON
1: OFF

0: OFF
1: ON

e
g

+Vcc

DO0
DO1
DO2
DO3
DO4
DO5
DO6
DO7

HCT573
D

a
b
c

d
e

EN

f
g
EN

OE

f
e

Common Anode

Common Cathode

Can be connected directly on an O/P port

OR

Through a BCD/7 segment decoder

DO0
DO1
DO2
DO3
DO4
DO5
DO6
DO7

HCT573
D

EN

A
B
C
D
/LE
/BL
/LT

EN

OE

CD4511
D Q
EN

a
b
c

d
e
Buffer

BCD-7seg decoder

Latch

OE

f
g

f
e

7-segment Displays Example1

Draw a circuit to show how a common cathode 7-segment display can be connected on an
o/p port and four switches on an i/p port both occupying the address range 860h to 86Fh.
Write a program to read the state of the switches and display the binary number formed by
the switches as a hexadecimal digit.

D7 D6 D5 D4 D3 D2 D1 D0
- g f e d c b a

+5V
D7

DI0
DI1
DI2
DI3

LS244

D0

8088 System

A11
A10
A0

A9
A8
A7
A6

A19

A5
A4

IO/M'
RD
WR

G1

G2

DO0
DO1
DO2
DO3
DO4
DO5
DO6
DO7

HCT573
D

a
b
c

d
e

EN

f
g
EN

OE

f
e

x
x
x
x
x
x
x
x
x
x
x
x
x
x
x
x

0
0
1
1
1
1
1
0
1
1
1
1
0
1
1
1

1
0
1
0
0
0
1
0
1
0
1
1
1
1
1
1

1
0
1
1
0
1
1
0
1
0
0
1
1
1
1
0

1
1
0
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
0
1
0
0

1
1
1
1
1
0
0
1
1
1
1
0
0
1
0
0

1
0
1
1
0
1
1
1
1
1
1
0
1
0
1
1

1
0
0
0
1
1
1
0
1
1
1
1
1
0
1
1

3F
0C
76
5E
4D
5B
7B
0E
7F
4F
6F
79
33
7C
73
63

7-segment Displays Example1: Program

7-Segment Displays: Example 2

Four float switches and a 7-segment display are used to indicate the level of a liquid in the tank shown
below. The switches and the display are connected on a computer through an interface board with an input
and an output port occupying the address 460H to 46FH. Draw the circuit diagram of the interface board.
Write a program to keep reading the state of the float switches and display the liquid level on the display
using the digits F(Full), H(High), A (Half), L(Low) and E(Empty). If an error is detected then switch ON the
decimal point.

Interface Board

DI3 DI2 DI1 DI0

State

Digit

Empty E

Low

Error

Half

Error

Error

Error

.
.
.

High

Error

Error

DI2

Error

DI1

Error

DI0

Error

Error

.
.
.
.
.
.

Error

Full

DO7

DO6

DO5

DO4

DO3

DO2

DO1

DO0

dp

DI3

Closed
c

g
f

Closed
d

Open
Open

Code

7-segment Displays Example1: Program

7-segment Displays Example3

Draw a circuit to show how a common cathode 7-segment display can be connected on an
o/p port and four switches on an i/p port both occupying the address range 860h to 86Fh.
Write a program to read the state of the switches and display the binary number formed by
the switches as a hexadecimal digit.

D7 D6 D5 D4 D3 D2 D1 D0
- g f e d c b a

+5V
D7

DI0
DI1
DI2
DI3

LS244

D0

8088 System

A11
A10
A0

A9
A8
A7
A6

A19

A5
A4

IO/M'
RD
WR

G1

G2

DO0
DO1
DO2
DO3
DO4
DO5
DO6
DO7

HCT573
D

a
b
c

d
e

EN

f
g
EN

OE

f
e

x
x
x
x
x
x
x
x
x
x
x
x
x
x
x
x

0
0
1
1
1
1
1
0
1
1
1
1
0
1
1
1

1
0
1
0
0
0
1
0
1
0
1
1
1
1
1
1

1
0
1
1
0
1
1
0
1
0
0
1
1
1
1
0

1
1
0
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
0
1
0
0

1
1
1
1
1
0
0
1
1
1
1
0
0
1
0
0

1
0
1
1
0
1
1
1
1
1
1
0
1
0
1
1

1
0
0
0
1
1
1
0
1
1
1
1
1
0
1
1

3F
0C
76
5E
4D
5B
7B
0E
7F
4F
6F
79
33
7C
73
63

7-segment Displays Example1: Program

7-segment Displays Example1

Draw a circuit to show how common cathode 7-segment display can be connected on an
o/p port and four switches on an i/p port both occupying the address range 860h to 86Fh.
Write a program to read the state of the switches and display the binary number formed
by the switches as a hexadecimal digit.

D7 D6 D5 D4 D3 D2 D1 D0
- g f e d c b a

+5V
D7

DI0
DI1
DI2
DI3

LS244

D0

8088 System

A11
A10
A0

A9
A8
A7
A6

A19

A5
A4

IO/M'
RD
WR

G1

G2

DO0
DO1
DO2
DO3
DO4
DO5
DO6
DO7

HCT573
D

a
b
c

d
e

EN

f
g
EN

OE

f
e

x
x
x
x
x
x
x
x
x
x
x
x
x
x
x
x

0
0
1
1
1
1
1
0
1
1
1
1
0
1
1
1

1
0
1
0
0
0
1
0
1
0
1
1
1
1
1
1

1
0
1
1
0
1
1
0
1
0
0
1
1
1
1
0

1
1
0
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
0
1
0
0

1
1
1
1
1
0
0
1
1
1
1
0
0
1
0
0

1
0
1
1
0
1
1
1
1
1
1
0
1
0
1
1

1
0
0
0
1
1
1
0
1
1
1
1
1
0
1
1

3F
0C
76
5E
4D
5B
7B
0E
7F
4F
6F
79
33
7C
73
63

Homework- Question 1
a) Draw a circuit diagram to show how four switches and two 7-segment displays
can be interfaced to an 8088 based system occupying the address 10H to
1FH, 20H to 2FH and 30H to 3FH respectively.
b) Write a program to read the binary number formed by the four switches and
display the equivalent decimal number on the 7-segment displays. For
example if the switches form the number 0110, the displays should display the
number 06, and if the switches form the number 1110, then the displays should
display the number 14.

Homework- Question 2
a) Draw a circuit diagram to show how four switches and a 7-segment display
can be interfaced to an 8088 based system occupying the address A0H to
AFH, F0H to FFH respectively.
b) Write a program to read the state of the switches and display on the 7segment display the letter:

H, if there are more switches closed than open,

L, if there are less switches closed than open,
E, if the number of switches closed is equal to the number of switches open.

Homework- Question 3
a) Draw a circuit diagram to show how six switches and eight Leds can be
interfaced to an 8088 based system occupying the address 30H to 3FH, 20H
to 2FH respectively.
b) Write a program to read the binary number formed by the six switches and
display the equivalent Binary Coded Decimal number on the Leds. For
example if the switches form the number 100101, the displays should display
the number 00110111, since (100101)2 = (00110111)BCD.

Homework- Question 4
a) Draw a circuit diagram to show how the following can be interfaced to an 8088
based system:
i.

Four switches connected on an I/P port occupying the address range from 30H to
3FH.
ii. Eight Leds connected on an O/P port occupying the address range from 20H to
2FH.

b) Write a program to read the BCD number formed by the four switches, and
display it on the eight Leds the square of the input number in BCD form. If the
number formed by the switches is an invalid BCD number, then all of the Leds
should be switched ON.

For example if the switches form the number 00000101 then the Leds should
display 00100101, since (00000101)BCD = (05)10 and 52 = 25 = (00100101)BCD

If the number formed by the switches is 00001100 then the Leds should display
11111111 since 1100 is an invalid BCD number.

Homework- Question 5
a) Draw a circuit diagram to show how a common cathode 7-segment display can
be connected on an output port, occupying the address CAH.
b) Write a program to display the digits from 0 to 9 on the 7-segment display with
a 1-second delay between digits.
c) Write a procedure to display on the 7-segment display, the letter E if the
contents of the variable INVAL is equal to 80H, the letter H if INVAL is greater
than 80H, or the letter L if INVAL is less than 80H.
d) Write a program that keeps reading the binary number from the input port
0AAH and displays on the 7-segment display, a letter according to the table
given below.
xxxxx000 xxxxx001 xxxxx010 xxxxx011 xxxxx100 xxxxx101 xxxxx110

xxxxx111

Homework- Question 6
a) Draw a circuit diagram to show how the following can be interfaced to an 8088 system
i.
ii.

Three switches connected on an I/P port occupying the address range from 60H to 6FH.
Eight Leds connected on an O/P port occupying the address range from 50H to 5FH.

b) Write a program to
i.
ii.

read the code formed by the three switches in a 1-second time intervals,
convert the input code into a binary value according to the table below and store it in an array
called BINV, and
iii. display it as a bar graph on the eight Leds as shown in figure below
For example if the switches form the number 101 then the number 110 must be stored in the
array BINV and the Leds should display 11111110.
Input

Binary

0 0 0

0 0 0

0 0 1

0 0 1

0 1 1

0 1 0

0 1 0

0 1 1

1 1 0

1 0 0

1 0 0

1 0 1

1 0 1

1 1 0

1 1 1

1 1 1

Bar Graph

THE 82C55 PROGRAMMABLE PERIPHERAL INTERFACE (PPI)

A popular interfacing component, for interfacing TTL-compatible I/O devices to the microprocessor.
Requires insertion of wait states if used with a microprocessor using higher that an 8 MHz clock.
PPI has 24 pins for I/O that are programmable in groups of 12 pins and three modes of operation
(Basic I/O, Strobed I/O, Strobed Bi-directional Bus I/O).
In the PC, an 82C55 or its equivalent is decoded at I/O ports 60H-63H, interfacing keyboard and
Parallel printer port).

VCC: The +5V power supply pin.

GND: GROUND
D0-D7: I/O DATA BUS
RESET: A high on this input clears the control register and all ports
(A, B, C) are set to the input mode with the Bus Hold circuitry
turned on.
CS: Chip select is an active low input used to enable the 82C55A onto
the Data Bus for CPU communications.
RD: Read is an active low input control signal used by the CPU to
read status information or data via the data bus.
WR: Write is an active low input control signal used by the CPU to
load control words and data into the 82C55A.
A0-A1: Address input signals, in conjunction with the RD and WR
inputs, control the selection of one of the three ports or the control
word register (00 Port A, 01 Port B, 10 Port C, 11 CR).
PA0-PA7 (I/O PORT A): 8-bit input and output port.
PB0-PB7 (I/O PORT B): 8-bit input and output port.
PC0-PC7 (I/O PORT C): 8-bit input and output port.

INTERFACING 82C55 TO AN 8088 SYSTEM (ports 60H-63H)

EXAMPLE
Use a 82C55 PPI to interface four switches at address 60H
and a SSD at address 62H

PROGRAMMING THE 82C55

Mode 0 operation causes the PPI to function as either buffered input or latched
output
The 82C55 is programmed through two internal command registers, selected
through bit 7.
Command byte A
0 Port C, PC3-PC0 (1-input, 0-output)
1 Port B (1-input, 0-output)
2 Mode (00-mode 0, 01-mode1)
3 Port C, PC7-PC4 (1-input, 0-output)
4 Port A (1-input, 0-output)
5-6 Mode (00-mode 0, 01-mode 2, 1X-mode 2)
7 Command byte select (always 1 for Command byte A)

Command byte B
Used in mode 1 and mode 2

Example
Rewrite the program of the example of slide 30, this time using the PPI and
setting up the ports as shown in the previous slide

Homework
All examples of slides 31-36 can be modified to include PPI interfacing