The School of Engineering

Department of
Civil & Environmental Engineering
Final Year Project Presentation
Project title: Ground water
resources assessment of
Lower Kafue Basin using
GIS, remote sensing and
Modelling-Albidon mine

Presenter; Lungu Kelvin

Agabu 10035494

PRESENATION OUTLINE
1. Introduction
2. Study Area
3. Rationale
4. Literature Review
5. Objectives
6. Methodology
7. Results & Analysis
8. Discussion
9. Recommendations
10.Conclusion
11.References

Introduction

Groundwater &
Modelling

What is Groundwater
& Groundwater
Modelling?
Why Groundwater
Modelling?

Introduction
What is Groundwater & Groundwater
GROUNDWATER
Modelling?

Groundwater is the water found underground in the cracks and

spaces in soil and rock
Its movement is in direction of the hydraulic gradient
A unit of rock or unconsolidated deposit is called an aquifer when it
yields a usable quantity of water
Pumping wells
can draw down
the water table

Pumping
well

The area filled with

water is called the
saturated zone and
the top is called the
water table.

Source:
Google image

Introduction
What is Groundwater & Groundwater
GROUNDWATER MODELLING
Modelling?

Models are conceptual descriptions or approximations

describing the physical systems
A Groundwater model developed using software like
Process MODFLOW (modular finite-difference flow ) is a
conceptual description of groundwater

Why Groundwater Modelling?

IDENTIFIED APPLICATIONS DURING RESEARCH

preparation of transport simulation for instance using
the extension of MODPATH in PMWIN modelling
software
delineation of well head protection zones
interpretation of observed heads
assessing the impact of changes of a groundwater

Study Area
Location of Lower Kafue
Basin area located
south-eastern part of
Kafue
catchment area

Source: Draft
Background Information
Document (BID) by
Kabika .J.

Study Area

Source: Draft
Background
Information
Document (BID)
by Kabika .J.
Locations of Munali Nickel Mine area, groundwater monitoring stations around
mine area (MAD/GW), in Resettlement and Local Community areas (RAP) and
surface water monitoring stations (SW) an area impacted by the mine.

Study Area

Digital Elevation Model (DEM) with elevation zones at

200 m- intervals (Source: Bumle R 2007)

Study Area
LEGEND
Kafue River

Borehole
Main road

Delineation of project area for model (Source: Google Earth)

Rationale
The spine of the Rationale was the research
question

RESEARCH QUESTIONS
How is the Ground water movement in
Albidon mine area?
What does Water Resources Management
& planning require?

Assessment of
groundwater &
Water Resources
Management &

Monitoring
&
observation
water
resources
which in

Assessin
g of
water
resource
s which
in turn

Ground
water
modellin
g

Literature Review
GROUNDWATER QUALITY
Research on Groundwater quality
was done in 2014 by Post graduate
diploma student in Integrated Water
Resources Management (IWRM) at
University of Zambia, Kalibe Phiri
Findings:
Water samples indicate the absence
of acidic rock drainage
Normal pH
Lower content of sulphur and iron
conductivity

Objectives

Overall
objective
Model the
Groundwater in the
Albidon Mine Area,
thus assessing

Objectives

Specific
Specific
1.Determine
Determinethe
the
objectives
1.
objectives
HYDROGEOLOGICAL

HYDROGEOLOGICAL
PROPERTIES&&
PROPERTIES
METEOROLOGICAL
METEOROLOGICAL
2.
Analysis
of
GROUNDWATER
2.CONDITIONS
Analysis
of GROUNDWATER
CONDITIONS
of
the
area
of the area
LEVELS
LEVELS
3.Use
Usethe
theparameters
parametersto
to
3.
DEVELOPAAMODEL
MODEL
DEVELOP

Methodology

Tools
Tools

1. Borehole completion reports from technical

1. Borehole completion reports from technical
reports compiled for Southern Province by
reports compiled for Southern Province by
Department of Water Affairs ( using GEODIN
Department of Water Affairs ( using GEODIN
database) to give observed Hydraulic heads and
database) to give observed Hydraulic heads and
Hydrogeological parameters Meteorological
Hydrogeological parameters
2. Meteorological Data from Albidon
mine
parameters
2. Meteorological Data from Albidon
mine

PARAMETERS
TO
ENTER
3. Modelling using PMWIN8
3. Modelling using PMWIN8 INTO MODEL
Observed
hydraulic
heads for
Boreholes
selected

Hydrogeol
ogical
parameter
s

Methodology
Meteorological Data
Data
Meteorological
Collected
Collected
Rainfall data

1200
1000
800
600

Mean Rainfall:
Mean Rainfall:
772mm/annum
772mm/annum
Mean Temperature:
Mean Temperature:
21.6
21.6

400
200
0

Mine site
Seasonal Rainfall

Methodology
Borehole log
log Data
Data
Borehole
Collected
Collected

Water
mE
point
No.
GEODIN
database

mN

Altitu
de
(m
above
sea
level)

Total Static Observe

dept water d
h
Level Hydrauli
Of
(m c
BH
bgl)
Head
(m)
(m asl)

80704 609633.7 8249535 1010 27.0 5.0

01
1
.3

1005

80704 623218.9 8241844 1037 89.5 11.6

39
8
.1

1025

80701 627189.9 8240873 1052 63.0 20.5

66
4
.0

1032

Methodology
Hydrogeological
Data
Hydrogeological Data
Collected based
based on
on
Collected
Boreholelog
log data
data
Borehole

Layer
Number

1
1
2
2
3

Description HORIZAONT
AL
HYDRAULIC
CONDUCTIVI
TY
Sand
41
HK

Sand
Schist
Schist
Quartzit
e

41
0.20
0.20
0.0004

VERTICAL
HYDRAULIC
CONDUCTIV
ITY
VK (

0.41
0.41
0.02
0.02
0.00004

Methodology
Model summary
summary
Model
VARIABLE
Rows
Columns
Grid Cell Size
Number
of
periods
Layers
Maximum

stress

DETAILS
311
435
100
1

Model

3
100

Elevation
Simulation flow type
Boundary Packages

Steady State
Well and Recharge

Results and analysis

Calibration
Calibration was done by varying hydraulic
Calibration
Verification
conductivity
manually
Calibration
Verification

forrun
run55
for

Results and analysis

Calibration

CalibrationVerification
Verificationfor
forrun
run5:
5:
Calibration
Correlation
Correlation
Water
Observed
Calculated
Correlation
point No.
8070401

hydraulic
head
1005.00

hydraulic
head
1003.81

1.001

8070439

1025.00

1022.76

1.002

8070514

1032.00

1033.5

0.999

Results and analysis

Calibration

Results and analysis

EUREKA!!!
Schematic of
model
Developed

Dewatering
effect
Results
and
analysis
Location
of
622 000 m
E,
when Mine is in fullabstraction
point
8 241 000 m
operation

N
Injection rate -2750
Purpose
Dewatering of
Mine
Purpose
Dewatering
of
Mine

2-D
visualisation
for result
type:
Hydraulic
heads

Discussion
General direction of ground water flow is
in North East direction
A correlation of almost 1 showed
how well calibrated the model
values are to simulate realistic
values of hydraulic heads for the
observation boreholes
The reduction of
hydraulic head is
significantly high in
capture zone of the
abstraction point such
that prolonged
pumping will cause
drying in capture zone

Recommendations

Environme
nt
protection
Ground
water
protection
Zones to be
taken more
seriously

Monitoring
of
Boreholes
Monitoring
of
Boreholes
must be
stressed
more by
the
Department
of Water
Affairs
partnering

Environme
nt
preservati
on
More care
in
operations
&
Develop
schemes to
prevent
accident of
spillage to
ground
water or

Conclusion

1.The general direction of

groundwater flow
was in the North-East direction
2. The model can be used for flow
general
direction
of groundwater
predictions
with
change in flow
s in
the North-East
direction (injection
recharge
or
discharge
The model can be used for flow predict
wells) With change in recharge or discharge
the model
3. The
model can
can be
be used
used for
for tracin
particle
tracing
trajectory
particle trajectory

References
1.Albidon EIA by African Mining Consultants June 2006Technical Report
2.Bumle 2007, The Groundwater Resources of Southern
Province, Zambia Volume 1 - Technical Report
3.Glasser S, Gauthier J, Gurrieri J, and Keely J 2007.
Technical Guide to Managing Ground Water
Resources, United States Department of Agriculture and
Forest Service
4.Sichingabula, H. M. and Nyambe, I. A., 2008.
Environmental Management Plan: Hydrology,
Hydrogeology and Water Resources Conservation,
Albidon Nickel Mine, Zambia. Report prepared for the
5.Albidon (Zambia) limited for the Development of
Environmental and Social Management Plan, Munali
Nickel Mine, Lusaka, Zambia.

WATER
LIFE
IS
THANKYOU