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WELCOME
1

DERIVATION OF UNIT HYDROGRAPH

FROM GIUH ANALYSIS ASSOCIATED
WITH WATERSHED DELENEATION
USING ARCGIS
GIS TECHNIQUES FOR WATERSHED
DELINEATION AND DERIVATION OF
UNIT HYDROGRAPH FROM GIUH
ANALYSIS
GIS BASED WATERSHED ANALYSIS
AND DERIVATION OF UNIT
HYDROGRAPH FROM GIUH METHOD.

GIS TECHNIQUES FOR WATERSHED

DELINEATION AND DERIVATION
OF UNIT HYDROGRAPH FROM
GIUH ANALYSIS
SECOND REVIEW

PROJECT CO-ORDINATOR :
Ms ANJU RAJAN

PROJECT GUIDE :
Ms. ANJU RAJAN
3

GROUP MEMBERS
o ANJALY T M
o ASWATHY K L
o SREEYA MENON
o SUKANYA VASU

CONTENT
INTRODUCTION
RELEVANCE
OBJECTIVES
METHODOLOGY
LITERATURE REVIEW
SOFTWARE STUDY
WATERSHED DELINEATION
ESTIMATION OF PARAMETERS
COMPUTATION OF UH
WORK SCHEDULE

INTRODUCTION

Watersheds are natural hydrological units that cover a

specific aerial expanse of land surface from which the
runoff flows to a defined drain at any particular point.

Watershed delineation is used to define boundaries of the

study area

Watershed parameters
hydrological analysis

A UH is a hydrograph representing 1cm of runoff from

rainfall of some unit duration and specific areal
distribution.

are

basic

unit

of

various

DELINEATION METHODS

Manual delineation

based on the contour information depicted on

topographic maps
time-consuming
expensive task

Automatic delineation

boundary is created automatically by computer

Sub watershed may be used for watershed analysis.

fig 1 :Watershed delineation

LITERATURE REVIEWS

JOURNAL

AUTHOR

AIM

DATA

1.REMOTE
SENSING AND
GIS
TECHNIQUES
FOR
IDENTIFICATI
ON
OF ARTIFICIAL
RECHARGE
SITES IN
KALLAR
WATERSHED.

Kumar
and
Srinivas
an
(2014)

To
Toposheet
identify the
Base map
artificial
groundwate
r recharge Slope map
zone
To
DEM
analyze
morphomet
ric
parameters

RESULT

High values
of Rb indicates
high runoff
and low
recharge
Re values
indicates that
the subbasin
are less
elongated and
possess low
moderate
infiltration
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JOURNAL

AUTHOR

AIM

3.Estimation
of
Geomorphol
ogy
Parameters
for Small
Catchment
using GIS

Shagufta
akbari,
Karthik,
Venkatesh,
Ratu and
Sonam
Tobgay
and Kinley
Penjor

To
DEM
delineate the
Toposheet
study area
and generate
stream
network
To
compare
temporal
variation
geomorpholo
gical
parameters

DATA

RESULT

Geomorph
ological
parameters
where
estimated
Used to
stimulate
hydrological
response of
the
catchment

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JOURNAL

AUTHOR

AIM

DATA

5.Determinat
ion of
watersheds
hydrological
parameters
using remote
sensing and
geographical
information
system (GIS)
techniques:
Case study
of Wadi Alkangar,
Sudan
M.

M. Y.
Mohamed,
H. S. M.
Hilmi and
E. S.
Ganawa

To
implement
new sound
technologies
such as
remote
sensing, GIS
and global
positioning
system (GPS)

DEM

To
determine the
hydrological
parameters.

RESULT

The
information
GPS
obtained would
be useful in site
Remote selection and
sensing
designing of
water harvesting
project with
minimum cost,
efforts and time
compared to the
traditional
methods in
addition to
giving an
accurate
results
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JOURNAL

AUTHOR

AIM

DATA

RESULTS

Compariso
n between
characteris
tics of
geomorpho
climatic
IUH
produced
using
gciuh
Based
clark
model and
clark iuh
model

To
HEC Geomorphocli
Arash
adib,
estimate
HMS
matic
meysam
runoff
software
parameters was
salarijazi , To find DSRO
studied and
ali
instantan
hydrogra
compared.
mohamaad
eous unit
ph
akhondali
hydrogra Rainfall
ph
and
To
runoff
predict
records
storm
surface
runoff

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JOURNAL

AUTHOR

AIM

DATA

RESULTS

A spatially
varied unit
hydrograph
model

M. Hubail
ajward,
muzik

To
Soil
Analysed
present a
conservati
the
spatial
on service
presence
unit
(CSC)
of
hydrograp
runoff CN
velocity
h
method
field
To find
Sduring
the basic
hydrograp
storm
importanc
h runoff
event
Spatial
e of time
distributio
unit
n of
hydrograp
rainfall on
h
runoff
efficiently
impliment
ed by GIS
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RELEVENCE
To

study watershed behavior

Used for hydrological analysis such as runoff
calculation and flood estimation
For proposing hydrological structures

14

OBJECTIVES
To

delineate a watershed using ArcGIS

To estimate watershed parameters
To compute unit hydrograph for the basin.
To compute S hydrograph for the basin

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METHODOLOGY

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18

.WATERSHED PARAMETERS
STREAM ORDER
Stream order is a measure of relative size of the stream
BIFURCATION RATIO
RB= Ni / Ni+1
Where Ni and Ni+1 are the number of streams in order i
and i+1. Let represent the highest stream order in the
watershed, i = 1, 2, ,
LENGTH RATIO
RL= Li+1 /Li
Where Li is average length of channels of order i

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 ELONGATION RATIO
=2/()0.5
Where, Lb is the length of the basin, A is area of the basin in
sq. km.
AREA RATIO
RA = Ai+1 /Ai
Ai is the mean area of the contributing watershed to streams
of order I
FORM FACTOR
Form factor = A/L2
Where A is the area of watershed L is the axial length of
watershed
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 COMPACTNESS COEFFICIENT

o Compactness coefficient = P/(2*(3.14*A)0.5)

Where P is the watershed perimeter
A is the area of the watershed
DRY DENISITY
The

ratio of the total length of all the streams with in a

watershed to the watershed area.
Dd =LU/A

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21

INITIAL STATE PROBABILITIES

The initial state probability accounts for a rain drop falling on any
hill slope areas, neglecting rainfalls on the channel network, in
catchment of a given order.

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TRANSITIONAL STATE PROBABILITIES

.

The transition probability accounts for the changing state of a drop

from lower order stream to the higher order stream.

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PATH PROBABILITIES
Path probability is defined as the probability of a drop which
will travel all possible paths si to the outlet.
The total number of possible paths
N=2 1

IUH= FSI*P16

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Hill slope velocities/stream flow velocities

=Vo/LO
Lo=1/2D
Lo average flow length
D Drainage density

The value of travel time parameter which varies from

stream to stream is given by

=Vs/Li
Vs is the stream velocity
Li is the mean length of stream of order i

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STUDY AREA

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DATA REQUIRED
SOI

TOPOSHEET
DEM (30M RESOLUTION)
WATER ATLAS

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27

SOFTWARE STUDY

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ARCGIS 10

A system for capturing, storing, checking,

integrating, manipulating, analyzing and displaying
data which are spatially referenced to the earth.

GIS provide a digital representation of the watershed

characterization used in hydrologic modeling.

GIS is the linking of spatial data with geographic

information about a particular feature on a map.

ArcGIS Desktop consists of several integrated

applications, including ArcMap, ArcCatalog,
ArcToolbox, and ArcGlobe.
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RASTER Vs. VECTOR DATA

Data

in GIS can be represented in either a raster or

vector format.

A raster-based

system displays, locates, and stores

graphical data by using a grid of cells.

vector

based systems display graphical data as points,

lines or areas with attributes
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30

FAMILIARIZED TOOLS FROM ARCGIS

Filling- conditioning of the raster DEM or

filling of sinks in a raster to remove small
imperfections.

Flow direction- a process to create a raster flow

direction from each cell to its steepest downslope
neighbor.

Flow accumulation- a process to create a

raster of accumulated flow to each cell
31

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Watershed Pour Points: In Arc Catalog we will create a

new empty shape file to store the new pour point.

watershed: In this final step, we select the flow direction

grid as the input flow direction raster, and the raster
version of the pour point as the input pour point data.
Finally, we select an output raster pathname. The new
watershed raster will be added to the map.

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DELINEATION OF
KRUMALI WATERSHED

33

Catalog

spatial analytic tool s

hydrology

fill

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1

34

Catalog

spatial analytic tools

hydrology

flow direction

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35

Catalog

spatial analytic tools

hydrology

flow accumulation

30

36

Catalog

Spatial analytic tools

Hydrology

Watershed

37

KURUMALI WATERSHED
Delineated using Arc map

Obtained from water atlas

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Outlet is located at 76o1640.79E 10o2310.4N near kurumali

temple.
The major areas covered the watershed are kodakara, chalakkudi,
irinjalakkuda ,ollukkara.kurumali,nandikkara,mala

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ESTIMATION OF WATERSHED
PARAMETERS

Order of the stream

Number of the streams in each order
Bifurcation ratio
Length of stream
Length ratio
Area of the basin
Perimeter of the basin
Elongation ratio
Form factor
Compactness coefficient
Circularity ratio
Average slope

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41

42

Attribute table of stream order feature class

NUMBER OF STREAMS IN EACH

ORDER
No of streams of order 1

137

No of streams of order 2

34

No of streams of order 3

No of streams of order 4

No of streams of order 5

43

BIFURCATION RATIO

ORDER

BIFURCATION
RATIO (Rb)

4.029

4.250

4.000

2.000

MEAN

3.5698

5
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LENGTH RATIO
ORDER
NO OF
OF
STREAM
STREAM

TOTAL
LENGTH

MEAN
LENGTH

LENGTH
RATIO

137

171.7586216

1.253712566

1.801

34

76.75028234

2.257361245

1.839

33.21286675

4.151608344

3.316

27.53469741

13.76734871

1.477

20.339957132

20.339957132

MEAN
LENGTH
RATIO

2.108

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AREA OF THE BASIN

PERIMETER OF THE BASIN

422.443
121.189

ELONGATION RATIO

0.722

FORM FACTOR

0.409

COMPACTNESS
COEFFICIENT

1.663

CIRCULARITY RATIO

0.401

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AREA RATIO
A1

4.3795

A2

4.3804

A3

4.3799

A4

4.3799

Average

4.3799
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TRANSITIONAL PROBABILITY

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INITIAL PROBABILITY

0.372

0.184

0.187

0.180

0.076

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PROBABILITY OF EACH PATH

Path Number
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
14
15
16

Path description
a1r1r2r3r4 r5outlet
a1r1r2r3 r5outlet
a1r1r2r4 r5outlet
a1r1r3r4 r5outlet
a1r1r4 r5outlet
a1r1r2 r5outlet
a1r1r3 r5outlet
a1r1 r5outlet
a2r2r3r4 r5outlet
a2r2r4 r5outlet
a2r2r3 r5outlet
a2r2 r5outlet
a3r3r4 r5outlet
a3r3 r5outlet
a4r4 r5outlet
a5 r5outlet

Probability
0.194
0.044
0.037
0.034
0.023
0.027
0.008
0.016
0.118
0.022
0.027
0.016
0.153
0.034
0.181
0.076

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TRAVEL TIME PARAMETERS

Stream velocity Vs

0.52

Overland flow velocity V

0.2

0.312

0.415

0.23

0.125

0.038

0.026

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COMPUTATION OF UH AND S HYDROGRAPH

t
0
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
14
15
16
17
18
19
20

IUH
3.48284E-05
0.000626448
0.001195158
0.001746251
0.002282708
0.002806008
0.003316664
0.003814581
0.004299292
0.004770129
0.005226327
0.005667102
0.006091705
0.006499454
0.006889756
0.007262118
0.007616155
0.007951592
0.008268256
0.008566078
0.008845081

1 hr UH
0.040869477
0.735106839
1.402461119
2.049143283
2.678650438
3.292718226
3.89194894
4.476230131
5.045016498
5.597521363
6.132847451
6.650076151
7.148327919
7.626802216
8.084802766
8.521752164
8.937198715
9.330817632
9.702408177
10.05188795
10.37928524

S HYDROGRAPH
0.040869
0.816845316
2.995282751
7.222863468
14.08822515
23.51119821
35.4236591
49.76320684
66.46912063
85.47983756
106.731453
130.1569145
155.6856874
183.2437411
212.7537501
244.1354352
277.3059911
312.1805623
348.672739
386.6950515
426.1594505

'

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1 hr UH
14
12
10
8
DISCHARGE in m3/s

1 hr UH

6
4
2
0
0

50 100 150 200 250 300

TIME in seconds
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S HYDROGRAPH
5000
4500
4000
3500
3000
DISCHAGE in m3/s 2500
2000

S HYDROGRAPH

1500
1000
500
0
0 50 100 150 200 250 300 350
TIME in seconds

54

WORK SCHEDULE
WORK

MONTH

STUDY AREA SELECTED

AUGUST

LITERATURE REVEIW

SEPTEMBER

SOFTWARE STUDY

OCTOBER - DECEMBER

WATERSHED DELINEATED AND

PARAMETERS ARE ESTIMATED

JANUARY FEBRUARY

UH AND S HYDROGRAPH
COMPUTED+

MARCH

55

WORKS TO BE DONE

Report preparation

56

THANK YOU