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FOUNDATIONS
BRAJA M. DAS
Qp Ap (c Nc* q Nq* )
Qs = (p)(L)f
Granular Soil
c = 0
Qp Apq Nq*
Cohesive Soil
= 0
Qp Apcu Nc*
Nc* 9
GRANULAR SOIL
Meyerhof (1976)
Qp Apq Nq* Apql
ql 0.5pa Nq* tan
Pa = atmospheric pressure
L
ql 0.4pa N 60
4pa N 60
D
N60 10D above and 4D below pile point
Qs p Lf
f Ko tan
f f z L
(z 0 L)
(z L)
Pile type
Bored or jetted
Ko = 1 sin
Low-displacement
driven
Ko = 1 sin to 1.4 Ko
= 1.4(1 sin )
Meyerhof (1975)
Qs = P fav L
f av 0.02pa N60
(high displacement pile)
f av 0.01pa N60
(low displacement pile)
Coyle and
Castello
(1981)
Qs (K o tan )pL
0.8
Clay ( = 0)
Side resistance
Method
Qs pLfav
fav ( o 2cu )
Embedment
length, L (m)
0
5
10
15
20
25
30
35
40
50
60
70
80
90
0.5
0.336
0.245
0.200
0.173
0.150
0.136
0.132
0.127
0.118
0.113
0.110
0.110
0.110
(1985)
Method:
f o
Method:
f (1 sinR )tanR o
(for normallyconsolidat
edclays)
se (1)
(Qwp Qws )L
Ap Ep
se (2)
qwpD
(1 s2 ) I wp
Es
se (2)
QwpC p
Dqp
se (3)
Qws D
(1 s2 ) I ws
pL Es
Qn ( pK f tan )z dz
0
pK fHf2 tan
L Hf L Hf f Hf
L1
2
L1
2 f Hf
L1
Qn pfn dz
0
L1
pK ( f Hf z ) tan dz
0
( pK f Hf tan )L 1
L21 pK tan
2
K 1 sin
0.5 0.7
Qs pcu L
Qu n1n2 [9Apcu ( p ) pcu L]
*
Qu Lg Bg cu ( p )Nc
2(Lg Bg )cu L
Bg
Se
D
Qgbelow tip
N60 average for
B
q g (kN/m2 )
Lg Bg
Sc ( i )
Qg
(Bg z )(Lg z )
ei
Hi
1
e
o (i )
Sc ( g ) Sc (i )
DRILLED SHAFTS
1. A single drilled shaft may be used instead of
a group of piles and the pile cap.
2. Constructing drilled shafts in deposits of
dense sand and gravel is easier than driving
piles.
3. Drilled shafts may be constructed before
grading operations are completed.
4. When piles are driven by a hammer, the
ground vibration may cause damage to
nearby structures. The use of drilled shafts
avoids this problem.
5. Piles driven into clay soils may produce
ground heaving and cause previously driven
piles to move laterally. This does not occur
during the construction of drilled shafts.
DRILLED SHAFTS:
Methods of Construction
Reinforcement Cage
1 Fqd
Nc tan
Ir
I rr
Reduced rigidity index:
1 I r
whereI r
Es
soilrigidityindex
2(1 s )q tan
in which
Es = drained modulus of elasticity of soil
1 Fqc
Nc tan
and
Fqc
1 sin
Granular Soil
Qp (net) Ap q (Nq* 1)Fqs Fqd Fqc
E
m
pa
200- 300 (mediumdensesoil)
500- 1000(densesoil)
25
s 0.1 0.3
20
25 q
0.005 1
20 pa
f
Db
L1
L1
Qs p f dz Ds (1 sin ) o tan dz
0.7 to 0.8
Qu (net) fi pLi qp Ap
i 1
192 kN/m2
fi ozi
(0.25 1.5)
z is in meters
3.4e
z is in meters
0.085z i
(0.25 3.0)
Clay ( = 0)
Qp (net) Ap cu Nc Fcs Fcd Fcc
For L 3Db :
Qp (net) Ap cu Nc*
Nc* 1.33 (lnI r ) 1
Es
I r soilrigidityindex
3cu
L1
Qs *cu p L
L0
pa
1
0.21 0.25
cu
*
Based on Settlement
Reese and ONeill (1989)
n
Qu (net) fi p Li qp Ap
i 1
fi i* cu
i* 0 for top1.5mandbottomonediameterDs
0.55 elsewhere
qp
(kN/m2 )
L
9cub 3830kN/m2
6cub 1 0.2
Db