LANGKAWI PART 1

GEOLOGICAL STRUCTURES
OF LANGKAWI
Presented by:
GROUP 14
Muhamad Ihsan
Mohd Ajmal
Daniel Tan
Fatin Zulia
Nur Ain Wahida
Siti Namirah
Natasha Amira

INTRODUCTION
Langkawi is an archipelago of 99 islands, approximately 51 km northwest of the state of
Kedah on Peninsula Malaysia
Oldest rock formation
Of the 99 islands, only four are inhabited
Made up of five formation:
a) Machinchang Formation (Oldest formation)
b) Setul Formation
c) Singa Formation
d) Chuping Formation
e) Gunung Raya Granite Formation (Youngest Formation)

Kisap
thrust

MACHINCHANG
FORMATION

PASIR TENGKORAK

- Pocket of the whole sandy beach formed rugged rocky beaches

comprising sandstone and shale.
- The gently dipping and warping sandstone and shale belong to the
upper part of Machinchang formation.

LOAD CASTS
Deformational structures, rather than erosional structures.
Occur commonly along the bases of sandstone beds that overlie,
mudstone or shale beds.
Range in size, and may be associated with other deformational
structure like flame structures.
It settings where where water-saturated muddy sediments are
buried rapidly by coarser (sandy) sediments.

- Sandstone contain internal cross bedding and bedding

top ripple marks.
- While the interbedded sandstone shale exhibits more
interesting load related sedimentary structures ranging
from
a)load cast,
b) bedding,
c)tafonii are controlled by the join systems,
fracture patterns and directions of the seasprays.
d) flame structure
e) Water escape structure
f) Ripple marks

TELUK DATAI

Types of rock at this location are sedimentary rock.

- Sandstone is interbedded with shale.
- This location is Machinchang Formation.
-Oldest rock formation in Langkawi. Age is about 550-505 Million
Years Ago
-made of fine to medium grained sandstone with subordinate
coarse-grained sandstone, conglomerate and shale accumulating a total
thickness of up to 2830meter.
-

- Based on our interpretation, at this place have

some fracture
- surfaces along which rocks or minerals have
broken therefore surfaces across which the
material has lost cohesion.
- caused bystress exceeding the rock strength,
causing the rock to lose cohesion along its
weakest plane and displacement occurred.

- Next, we can see joints there

- Fractures within the rock which there has
been no appreciable displacement parallel
to the fracture and only slight movement
to the fracture plane
- Most abundant structural element in earth
crust
- Commonly joints form before faults which
are later reactivated in shear
- In Sedimentary rocks most joints are
vertical or bed normal
- Systematic joints: planar, parallel
orientation and have regular spacing

Machichang Mount

Location Description and history : Gunung Mat Chincang

straddles on the northwest portion of Pulau Langkawi. Gunung
Mat Chincang is not the highest mountain in Langkawi. Such
accolade goes to its neighbouring Gunung Raya at 880m above
sea level. The massive mountain range is estimated to be
between 450-550 million years old consisting of
metamorphosed rocks with unique ecological habitats for
various species of flora and fauna. At such age, Gunung Mat
Chincang takes the centre piece in the recent attempt by the
government for Pulau Langkawi to be accorded a UNESCO
Geopark status. It was able to observe at close range the
unique rock formations geological features of the Machincang
range, which was formed 500 million years ago during the
Cambrian period, in geological terms.
Geologic structure: Mountain, cliff, cross bedding,
weathering, erosion and waterfall are seen

Machichang Mount

Telaga Tujuh Waterfall

SETUL FORMATION

Kilim, Langkawi
Coordinate
N 06 24 32.9
E 099 51 11.6
Elevation = 13m
Dip/strike of the area = 31/45
Setul Formation(dark grey limestone)
It is a meta-limestone

Geological Structure
Bedding
Quartz vein

Pictures
Figure 5 : Quartz vein

Figure 6 : Bedding

Anak Tikus Island

Fossil Island, or Pulau Anak Tikus is an island which is
part of theKilim geoparks.
It is remnant island located at the southern most tip
of Pulau Langgun.
It is made up of dark coloured ,moderate to thickly
bedded limestone representing the Early Ordovician
Limestone Member of the Setul Formation
It is very rich fossils,particularly gastropods and
cephalopods.

 There are massive rock structure which is full of

fossils (dead impressions of once living organisms)
that are some 480 million years old.
This is the reason why this island is known as
Fossil Island. On top of the staircase, there is a
small platform from where you can view the fossils
and the rocks clearly.

SETUL-SINGA FORMATION

Teluk mempelam is located in North of Pulau

Langgun. the Teluk Mempelam there are two
formation on the that particular area which
are Setul formation and Singa formation

 So are there must be a contact between both of them. After a long

walking we check the different between the lithologies along
the beach , we had found that there are contact between
lithologies that be the proves because Setul formation has
limestone that react to HCl while Singa formation are from
mudstone that not react to HCl.So,due to difficulties to get
bedding along the beach because the it was undergo wethearing
by wave every day.So ,the bedding of rock along the beach are
can be characterized by unexposed.We decide to test the change
of lithologies by test using HCl to outcrop that we find along beach
if that area do not have exposed bedding of rock.

 As referred to geological map ,there is said that upper

boundary can be seen in the north the Pulau
Langgun(Teluk Mempelam),where it was overlain by the
late Devonian redbed of Singa formation.
Setul formation is the older than Singa formation
because Setul formation is from earlu Ordovician to
Middle Devonian while the Singa Formation is late
Devonian to early Permian.But Setul formation is overlain
the Singa formation because the thrust fault are occur

The figure the limestone that

undergo high pressure and finally
form too many fracture and fault
and show different of lithologies

 There also has area that mangrove swamp are

grow.
This important to sustain the ecosystem from
erosion due to wave from ocean.
Besides that ,in that location has a few area that
can fossil.
The types of fossils are brachiopod and trilobite.

SINGA FORMATION

PULAU BERAS BASAH

Formation : Singa Formation

1. Coordinate :N 061311.70
E 994310.71
2. Elevation :12m above sea level
3. Strike and dip :
178/20
138/19
4. Major structures: Bedding

5. Description of location:
Predominated by dark-colored shale
and siltstone
Formation thickness : 2,100m
Lower boundary is overlain by Setul
Formation in the northern part of
Pulau Langgun
Upper boundaries (Pulau Singa Besar
& Pulau Singa Kechil) is overlain by
Chuping Limestone

6. Description of rock :
There is an abundance of calcite vein
in the outcrop. The calcite vein has
intruded into the mudstone. Calcite
vein is recognized after testing it with
HCL and produce a vigorous reaction.
This vein of calcite was formed as
fluids entered an open space fracture
during alteration of the rock.

Mudstone with calcite vein

Bedding of the mudstone with its corresponding

thickness 1.5cm