Digital Electronics

CS for RL 1st session

rktiwary

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RKTiwary
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T1 2.18
For the Boolean function
a. Obtain the truth table of F
b. Draw the logic diagram using the original Boolean
Expression
c. Use Boolean Algebra to simplify the function to a
minimum number of literals
d. Obtain the truth table of the function from the
simplified expression and show that it is the same
as the one in part a
e. Draw the logic diagram for the simplified
expression and compare the total no. of gates
with the diagram of part b
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RKTiwary
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Obtain the truth table of F

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xyz= (w+w)xyz = 1101 + 0101 = m13 + m5

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Similarly
xyz = (w + w) xyz= m1 + m9
And wxy = wxy(z + z)= 0111 + 0110 =
m7 + m 6

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Then
wxy = ?
wxy= ?

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T1: 2.19
Express the following function as a sum of
minterms and product of maxterms
F (A,B,C,D)= BD + AD + BD

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F (A,B,C,D)= BD + AD + BD
sol: BD + AD + BD = D(B +B)
+ AD

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F (A,B,C,D)= BD + AD + BD
sol: BD + AD + BD = D(B +B)
+ AD
= D+
AD

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F (A,B,C,D)= BD + AD + BD
sol: BD + AD + BD = D(B +B) +
AD
= D + AD
= D(1 + A)

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F (A,B,C,D)= BD + AD + BD
sol: BD + AD + BD = D(B +B)
+ AD
= D + AD
= D(1 +
A)
= D

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RKTiwary
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F(A,B,C,D)=
(m1,m3,m5,m7,m9,m11,m
13,
m15)
F(A,B,C,D)=
(m1,m3,m5,m7,m9,m11,m
13,
m15)

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F(A,B,C,D)= (m1m3 m5m7 m9m11

m13 ,m15)
F(A,B,C,D)= (m1 + m3 + m5+ m7+
m9+ m11+ m13 +m15)
= (0,2,4,6,8,10,12,14)

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F(A,B,C,D)= (m1m3 m5m7 m9m11

m13 ,m15)
F(A,B,C,D)= (m1 + m3 + m5+ m7+
m9+ m11+ m13 +m15)
= (0,2,4,6,8,10,12,14)
= m0 + m2 + m4+ m6+ m8+
m10+ m12+ m14

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F(A,B,C,D)= (m1m3 m5m7 m9m11

m13 ,m15)
F(A,B,C,D)= (m1 + m3 + m5+ m7+
m9+ m11+ m13 +m15)
= (0,2,4,6,8,10,12,14)
= m0 + m2 + m4+ m6+ m8+
m10+ m12+ m14
F(A,B,C,D)= (F(A,B,C,D))
= (m0 m2 m4 m6 m8
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F(A,B,C,D)= (m1m3 m5m7 m9m11

m13 ,m15)
F(A,B,C,D)= (m1 + m3 + m5+ m7+
m9+ m11+ m13 +m15)
= (0,2,4,6,8,10,12,14)
= m0 + m2 + m4+ m6+ m8+
m10+ m12+ m14
F(A,B,C,D)= (F(A,B,C,D))
= (m0 m2 m4 m6 m8 m10
m m )
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F(A,B,C,D)= (m1m3 m5m7 m9m11

m13 ,m15)
F(A,B,C,D)= (m1 + m3 + m5+ m7+
m9+ m11+ m13 +m15)
= (0,2,4,6,8,10,12,14)
= m0 + m2 + m4+ m6+ m8+
m10+ m12+ m14
F(A,B,C,D)= (F(A,B,C,D))
= (m0 m2 m4 m6 m8 m10
m12 m14)
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Canonical Form
A simpler and faster procedure for
obtaining the canonical sum-of-products
form of a switching function is
summarized as follows.
1. Examine each term; if it is a minterm,
retain it, and continue to the next term.
2. In each product that is not a minterm,
check the variables that do not occur;
for each xi that does not occur, multiply
the product by (xi + xi ).
3. Multiply out all products and eliminate
redundant terms.
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Example Determine the

canonical sum-of-products
form for T (x, y, z) = xy + z +
xyz. Applying rules 13, we obtain
T = xy + z+ xyz

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Example Determine the

canonical sum-of-products
form for T (x, y, z) = xy + z +
xyz. Applying rules 13, we obtain
T = xy + z+ xyz
= xy(z + z) + (x + x)(y + y)z
+ xyz

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BITS,Pilani

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Example Determine the

canonical sum-of-products
form for T (x, y, z) = xy + z +
xyz. Applying rules 13, we obtain
T = xy + z+ xyz
= xy(z + z) + (x + x)(y + y)z
+ xyz
= xyz + xyz+ xyz +
xyz+xyz+ xyz+ xyz
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RKTiwary
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Example Determine the

canonical sum-of-products
form for T (x, y, z) = xy + z +
xyz. Applying rules 13, we obtain
T = xy + z+ xyz
= xy(z + z) + (x + x)(y + y)z
+ xyz
= xyz + xyz+ xyz +
xyz+xyz+ xyz+ xyz
= xyz + xyz+ xyz+ xyz+
xyz + xyz.
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RKTiwary

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The canonical product-of-sums

form is obtained in a dual manner
by expressing
the function as a product of factors
and adding the product xixi to
each
factor in which the variable xi is
missing.
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RKTiwary
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Example Let us determine the

canonical product-of-sums
form of
T (x, y, z) = x(y+ z). Using the
above procedure
T (x, y, z) = x(y+ z).

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RKTiwary
BITS,Pilani

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Example Let us determine the

canonical product-of-sums
form of
T (x, y, z) = x(y+ z). Using the
above procedure
T (x, y, z) = x(y+ z).
= (x+ yy + zz)(y+ z + xx)
= [(x+ y + z)(x+ y + z)(x+y +
z)(x+y+z)]
[(x + y + z)(x + y + z)]
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RKTiwary

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Example Let us determine the

canonical product-of-sums
form of
T (x, y, z) = x(y+ z). Using the
above procedure
T (x, y, z) = x(y+ z).
= (x+ yy + zz)(y+ z + xx)
= [(x+ y + z)(x+ y + z)(x+y +
z)(x+y+z)]
[(x + y + z)(x + y + z)]
= (x+ y + z)(x+ y + z)(x+ y+z)
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Eg. A class room has an old clock on

the wall whose minute hand broke of
a. If you could the hour hand to the
nearest 15 minutes , how many
bits of information does the clock
convey?
b. If u know whether it is A.m. or P.m.
, how many additional bits of
information do you know about
the time?
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(a)The hour hand can be resolved

to
12 * 4 = 48 positions,
which represents
log248 = 5.58 bits of information.
(b) Knowing whether it is before
or after noon adds one more bit.
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RKTiwary
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Eg. An analog voltage is in the range

of 0to5v. If it can be measured with
an accuracy of 50mv, at most how
many bits of information does it
convey
Sol: An accuracy of 50 mV
indicates that the signal can be
resolved to 100
mV intervals. There are 50 such
intervals in the range of 0-5 volts, so
the signal
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Example
Use NAND gates
and NOT gates to
implement
Z=EF(AB+C+D)+GH
AB
AB+C+D
EF(AB+C+D)
EF(AB+C+D)+GH

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PJF - 58

Yet Another Example!

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