Past tense

Things that have

already happened!

Start
The verbs in our sentences change when we
talk about what has already happened.

I walk to school I walked to school

I jump on my bed I jumped on my bed

Move on.
 Verbs are doing words.
Here are some examples:
Run
Jump
Walk
Talk

Go back
Can you see how we have changed these
verbs?

I walk to school I walked to school

I jump on my bed I jumped on my bed

Tell your partner then check your answer

Add ‘ed’!
Move on
 Add ‘ed’!
Back to question 1. Back to question 2.
Using this rule, can you find the
missing words?
Question 1.

I ____________ my cat!

Kick kicked kicket

 Nearly!!!

Don’t forget to use the rule!

 Brilliant!!!
You chose the correct answer!

kick + ed = kicked!

Remember add ‘ed’

Next question
 Have another go!

Don’t forget to use the rule!

Question 2
They _________ cartoons on the t.v.

Watch watcht watched

 Brilliant!!!
You chose the correct answer!

watch + ed = watched!

Remember add ‘ed’

Move on.
 Now look at these verbs:
 Wave
 Save

 Change
 Bake

They all end with an e!

Click here to find out how they change.
1 st
. . Take of the e

Wave

2 nd
. Add ed

Waved
Move on.
 Let’s say that together!
 Take of the e

 Add ed!

Remember this super rule for the next questions!

Move on.
 Now try this one!

Save
Talk to your partner. Which of the
answers is the right one?

Saveed saved sayved

 Well done !!!!
You have remembered the rule!

Lets see how:

1st Take off the e

Save

2nd Add ed!

Saved Next page.

 Try again!!!!!!!!

Don’t forget to use our super rule!

 Let’s say that together!
 Take of the e

 Add ed!
Remember this super rule for the next questions!

Back to question
 Have another go!!

Don’t forget to use our super rule!

 Don’t forget:
These rules help us to write about things in the past.

•I helped my mum do the shopping

•We looked at the animals in the zoo

•They baked a birthday cake for their friend

•She saved a lollipop for me!

Finish.
Well done you have worked
really hard!

Try to use these rules in

your writing!

Back to the start.

 PRONUNCIATION past tense
 the problem with pronunciation arises
because students are often taught (or
observe) that the "-ed" ending adds another
syllable to the word. And then they always
add another syllable to the past tense of the
verb. For example, "worked" is erroneously
pronounced "work/id/" with two syllables,
instead of just one, "work/t/."
 pronunciation
 A second syllable with the "-ed" ending is
only necessary when the last sound (not the
last letter) is a /t/ or /d/, for example,
"wanted," "decided," "needed," or "invited."
The last sound for the words "want" and
"invite" is /t/. The last sound for the words
"decide" and "need" is /d/. These two
sounds require that the added -ed ending
be pronounced with an additional syllable
 PAST TENSE ENDING/ED/
 Three Different Pronunciations for Words
Ending with "-ed"
 For English past tense pronunciation of
regular verbs, the "-ed" ending has the
following three distinct pronunciations:
 /id/
 /t/
 /d/
 Teaching English Past Tense
Pronunciation— /id/ Endings
 Deciding when to use the /id/ pronunciation
is pretty simple.
 remember that this Past Tense ending is
only used for verbs ending with a /t/ or /d/
sound, as discussed above.
 this is the only ending that is pronounced
with an additional syllable.
 Examples of /id/ Endings for Past
Tense Verbs
 "want" becomes "wanted" and is
pronounced "want/id/" (two syllables)
 "need" becomes "needed" and is
pronounced "need/id/" (two syllables)
 "decide" becomes "decided" and is
pronounced "decide/id/" (three syllables)
 "dedicate" becomes "dedicated" and is
pronounced "dedicate/id/" (four syllables)
 Teaching English Past Tense
Pronunciation— /t/ and /d/ Endings
 The "-ed" ending of unvoiced sounds takes on a
/t/. Voiced sounds take on a /d/.
 Examples of /t/ Endings for Past Tense Verbs
 "laugh" becomes "laughed" and is pronounced
"laugh/t/" (one syllable)
 "walk" becomes "walked" and is pronounced
"walk/t/" (one syllable)
 "kiss" becomes "kissed" and is pronounced
"kiss/t/" (one syllable)
 "finish" becomes "finished" and is pronounced
"finish/t/" (two syllables)
 Teaching English Past Tense
Pronunciation— /t/ and /d/ Endings
 Examples of /d/ Endings for Past Tense Verbs
 "clean" becomes "cleaned" and is pronounced "clean/d/"
(one syllable)
 "dream" becomes "dreamed" and is pronounced "dream/d/"
(one syllable; note that "dreamt" is the British English
version of the past tense of "dream")
 "save" becomes "saved" and is pronounced "save/d/" (one
syllable)
 "enjoy" becomes "enjoyed" and is pronounced "enjoy/d/"
(two syllables)
 "marry" becomes "married" and is pronounced "marry/d/"
(two syllables)
 Exceptions to the "-ed" Endings
Rules
 pronunciation of the past participles of some verbs that
are being used as adjectives, then a second syllable
will be added even if the base form does not end in a
/t/ or /d/ sound, and the "-ed" ending will be
pronounced as /id/. Common past participles used as
adjectives with an additional syllable are: aged,
blessed, crooked, dogged, learned, ragged, and
wretched.
 Fortunately, this exceptions doesn't apply to teaching
pronunciation of English past tense verbs, just past
participles when they are used as adjectives.
 CONSONANT RULES:
 The letter q is always  Two-letter ‘k' (ck) is used only
after a single vowel which says
followed by the letter u, short ‘a' - ‘e' - ‘i' - ‘o' - ‘u' [pack,
and we say "kw." [quiet] peck, pick, pock, puck]
 /c/ before e, i or y says  Three-letter j (dge) is used only
‘s.' [chance, icing, icy] after a single vowel which says
short ‘a' - ‘e' - ‘i' - ‘o' - ‘u' [badge,
 /g/ before e, i or y may ledge, ridge, lodge, fudge]
say ‘j.' [germ, giant, gym]  The letter z, never s, is used to
 We often double l, f and s say ‘z' at the beginning of a
following a single vowel base word. [zoo]
at the end of a one-  The letter s never follows x.
syllable word. [ball, off,
miss]
 Double consonants within
words of more than one
syllable should both be
sounded for spelling.
[hap py]
 s-h is used to say ‘sh' at
the beginning of a word,
at the end of a syllable,
but not at the beginning
of most syllables after the
first one except for the
ending ship. [she, wish,
friendship]
 t-i, s-i, and c-i are used to
say ‘sh' at the beginning
of any syllable after the
first one. [nation,
mansion, facial]
 s-i is used to say ‘sh'
when the syllable before it
[session] or the base
word ends in an -s
[tense/tension]; s-i can
say its voiced ‘zh' sound
when s is between two
vowels. [vision]
 VOWEL RULES:
 Vowels a, e, o, u usually say
long ‘a' - ‘e' - ‘o' - ‘u' at the end
of a syllable. [pa per, be gin, o
pen, u nit]
 Vowels i and o may say long ‘i'
and ‘o' when followed by two
consonants. [find, old]
 Vowels i and y may say ‘i' at
the end of a syllable [fam i ly,
bi cy cle], but usually say ‘i' or
‘e' [pi an o, ba by, by, fi nal]
 Vowel y, not i, is used at the
end of English words. [by, guy]
 Base words do not end with the
letter a saying long ‘a' (except
for the article a); a-y is used
most often. [play]
 o-r may say ‘er' when w comes
before the o-r. [works]
 We use ei after c [receipt], if we
say long a [veil], and in some
exceptions. [neither, foreign,
sovereign, seized, counterfeit,
forfeited, leisure, either, weird,
heifer, protein, height, feisty,
stein, weir, seismograph, sheik,
kaleidoscope, Geiger counter,
etc.] This is not an exhaustive
list of exceptions.
 VOWEL RULES:

 8. Silent final e's:

 o Job 1. Silent final e lets the vowel say its name.
[time]
 o Job 2. English words do not end with v or u. [have,
value]
 o Job 3. Silent final e lets c and g say their second
sounds. [chance, charge]
 o Job 4. English syllables must have a written vowel.
[ta ble]
 o Job 5. No job e [none of the above, e.g., are, horse]
 PLURAL RULES:

 The plural of most nouns is formed by adding s.

[boys, cages, horses]
 Nouns ending with the sounds of s, x, z, ch, sh or
'j' form their plurals by adding e-s. [fox es, bush es,
boss es]
 Nouns ending in y after a vowel form their plurals
by adding s. [mon key/mon keys]
 Nouns ending in y after a consonant form their
plurals by changing y to i and adding e-s. [pup
py/pup pies]
 PLURAL RULES:

 Nouns ending in o after a vowel form their plurals by

adding s. [pa ti o / pa ti os]
 Nouns ending in o after a consonant usually form their
plurals by adding e-s [he ro/he roes] B except some
musical terms. [pi an o/pi an os]
 Most nouns ending in f and f-e form their plurals by adding
s [belief / beliefs]; some change f to v and add e-s. [wolf
/wolves, wife /wives]
 Most verbs form their third person, present, singular as if
they were nouns becoming plurals. [cuts, raises, dresses,
fixes, fizzes, catches, pushes, plays, carries, goes]
 SYLLABICATION RULES:

 A one-syllable word is never divided. [boat,

good, knelt]
 A compound word is divided between the words
that make the compound word. [shot gun, sun
set, air plane]
 Divide between two consonants [hap py, per
haps] unless the consonants form a digraph and
are sounded together. [ma chine, e le phant]
 When a word has an affix, it is divided between
the root and the affix. [re run, soft ness, cry ing]
 SYLLABICATION RULES:

 When a single consonant comes between two vowels, it is

usually divided after the consonant if the first vowel is short.
[clev er, lem on, rob in]
 When a single consonant comes between two vowels or
vowel sounds, it is usually divided before the consonant if the
first vowel is long. [mu sic, po lite, pa per]
 Divide between two vowels when they are sounded
separately. [di et, cru el]
43. Vowels that are sounded alone form their own syllable.
[dis o bey, a live, u ni form]
 When a word ends in l-e preceded by a consonant, divide
before the consonant. [tur tle, ca ble, this tle]